Adianez García-Leis

Femtosecond laser-controlled self-assembly of amorphous-crystalline nanogratings in silicon

Self-assembly (SA) of molecular units to form regular, periodic extended structures is a powerful bottom-up technique for nanopatterning, inspired by nature. SA can be triggered in all classes of solid materials, for instance, by femtosecond laser pulses leading to the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with a period slightly shorter than the laser wavelength. This approach, though, typically involves considerable material ablation, which leads to an unwanted increase of the surface roughness. We present a new strategy to fabricate high-precision nanograting structures in silicon, consisting of alternating amorphous and crystalline lines, with almost no material removal. The strategy can be applied to static irradiation experiments and can be extended into one and two dimensions by scanning the laser beam over the sample surface. We demonstrate that lines and areas with parallel nanofringe patterns can be written by an adequate choice of spot size, repetition rate and scan velocity, keeping a constant effective pulse number (N eff) per area for a given laser wavelength. A deviation from this pulse number leads either to inhomogeneous or ablative structures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach can be used with different laser systems having widely different wavelengths (1030 nm, 800 nm, 400 nm), pulse durations (370 fs, 100 fs) and repetition rates (500 kHz, 100 Hz, single pulse) and that the grating period can also be tuned by changing the angle of laser beam incidence. The grating structures can be erased by irradiation with a single nanosecond laser pulse, triggering recrystallization of the amorphous stripes. Given the large differences in electrical conductivity between the two phases, our structures could find new applications in nanoelectronics.

Hyperspectral enhanced dark field microscopy for imaging blood cells

In this work, a novel methodology based on hyperspectral imagery with enhanced Darkfield microscopy for probing and characterizing changes in blood cell components was tested. Two main categories of blood cells were analyzed, red and white blood cells. Unique spectral signatures of ordinary and most common deformed morphologies of red blood cells were identified. Moreover, examination of white blood cells allowed to characterize and differentiate active from inactive cells. The findings indicate the ability of this technique to detect changes in light scattering property of blood cells due to their morphological properties Since pathological states can alterate the discocyte shape, this preliminary, but promising application of the hyperspectral analysis to blood cells can be useful to evaluate significant correlations of blood cell spectral features in healthy and pathological conditions. The combination of the quali- and quantitative spectral signatures of hyperspectral imaging microscopy with the information of the subject health conditions may provide a new tool for clinical applications.

Fabrication of amorphous micro-ring arrays in crystalline silicon using ultrashort laser pulses

We demonstrate a simple way to fabricate amorphous micro-rings in crystalline silicon using direct laser writing. This method is based on the fact that the phase of a thin surface layer can be changed into the amorphous phase by irradiation with a few ultrashort laser pulses (800 nm wavelength and 100 fs duration). Surface-depressed amorphous rings with a central crystalline disk can be fabricated without the need for beam shaping, featuring attractive optical, topographical, and electrical properties. The underlying formation mechanism and phase change pathway have been investigated by means of fs-resolved microscopy, identifying fluence-dependent melting and solidification dynamics of the material as the responsible mechanism. We demonstrate that the lateral dimensions of the rings can be scaled and that the rings can be stitched together, forming extended arrays of structures not limited to annular shapes. This technique and the resulting structures may find applications in a variety of fields such as ...

Coherent scatter-controlled phase-change grating structures in silicon using femtosecond laser pulses

Periodic structures of alternating amorphous-crystalline fringes have been fabricated in silicon using repetitive femtosecond laser exposure (800 nm wavelength and 120 fs duration). The method is based on the interference of the incident laser light with far- and near-field scattered light, leading to local melting at the interference maxima, as demonstrated by femtosecond microscopy. Exploiting this strategy, lines of highly regular amorphous fringes can be written. The fringes have been characterized in detail using optical microscopy combined modelling, which enables a determination of the three-dimensional shape of individual fringes. 2D micro-Raman spectroscopy reveals that the space between amorphous fringes remains crystalline. We demonstrate that the fringe period can be tuned over a range of 410 nm – 13 µm by changing the angle of incidence and inverting the beam scan direction. Fine control over the lateral dimensions, thickness, surface depression and optical contrast of the fringes is obtained via adjustment of pulse number, fluence and spot size. Large-area, highly homogeneous gratings composed of amorphous fringes with micrometer width and millimeter length can readily be fabricated. The here presented fabrication technique is expected to have applications in the fields of optics, nanoelectronics, and mechatronics and should be applicable to other materials.

Author Correction: Coherent scatter-controlled phase-change grating structures in silicon using femtosecond laser pulses

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Fabrication of amorphous-crystalline micro- and nanostructures in silicon using ultrashort laser pulses

Silicon is one of the key-materials of nowadays technology. This is partly related to its special phase change dynamics characteristics. In particular, upon pulsed laser irradiation, silicon can re-solidify either in the crystalline (c-) or amorphous (a-) phase depending on the local supercooling achieved [1]. This feature has recently been used to produce non-ablative LIPSS (Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures [2]) in crystalline silicon upon multiple laser pulse exposure. The induced structures consist of a-c-fringes with subwavelength period [3].

BIMENS-Bimetallic nanostars (Ag@Au) with high surface enhanced raman scattering (SERS) performance: Detection of Beta-Amyloid and its marker thioflavin T

I this paper, chirality organization of peptide bioconjugates through hydrogen bondings is described. A variety of ferrocenepeptide bioconjugates as bioorganometallics are designed to induce chirality-organized structures of peptides. The ferrocene is recognized to serves as a reliable organometallic scaffold for the construction of protein secondary structures via intramolecular hydrogen bondings, wherein the attached dipeptide chains are constrained within the appropriate dimensions. The configuration and sequence of the amino acids are demonstrated to play an important role in the construction of the chirality-organized bio-inspired systems under controlled hydrogen bonds. Another interesting feature of ferrocene-dipeptide bioconjugates is their strong tendency to self-assemble through the contribution of available hydrogen bonding donors for helical architectures in solid states. The intramolecular hydrogen bondings and chirality of the histidyl pendant groups on the 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide scaffold are performed to allow induction of the chiral helicity, creating the leftor righthanded helical molecular assembly by the connection of each helical molecule through continuous intermolecular hydrogen bonds. A urea molecular scaffold is introduced into dipeptides to afford the formation of the chiral hydrogen-bonded duplex, wherein each hydrogen-bonded duplex is connected by continuous intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a double helix-like arrangement.A transition metal oxides, vanadium oxides have received relatively modest attention for supercapacitor applications. Yet, this material is abundant, relatively inexpensive and offers several oxidation states which can provide a broad range of redox reactions suitable for supercapacitor operation. Electrochemical supercapacitors based on nanostructured vanadium oxide (V2O5 ) suffer from relatively low energy densities as they have low surface area and poor electrical conductivities. To overcome these problems, we developed a layer by layer assembly (LBL) technique in which a graphene layer was alternatively inserted between MWCNT films coated with ultrathin (3 nm) V2O5 . The insertion of a conductive spacer of graphene between the MWCNT films coated with V2O5 not only prevents agglomeration between the MWCNT films but also substantially enhances the specific capacitance by 67 %, to as high as ~2,590 Fg-1. Furthermore, the LBL assembled multilayer supercapacitor electrodes exhibited excellent cycling performance > 97 % capacitance retention over 5,000 cycles and a high energy density of 96 Whkg-1 at a power density of 800 Wkg-1. Our approach clearly offers an exciting opportunity for enhancing the device performance of metal oxide-based electrochemical supercapacitors suitable for next-generation flexible energy storage devices by employing a facile LBL assembly.C Heart Disease (CHD) affects over 16 million people in US and is the largest killer in the western world. Overwhelming evidence indicates that increasing levels of circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly decreases occurrence of coronary artery disease. Atheroprotective properties of HDL result from its ability to efflux excess of cholesterol from macrophages in plaques and transport it to the liver for excretion. Infusion of synthetic HDL (sHDL) nanoparticles to facilitate cholesterol removal from hardened arteries has been proven effective in phase 2 clinical studies. Synthetic HDL is a nanoparticle (~8-12 nm) composed of a lipid membrane-like bilayer wrapped around by a “belt” of amphipathic helices of Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I). Development of sHDL as therapeutic drugs has been difficult owing to the very large doses (~1-8 g) required to attain clinical endpoints. Administration of high doses results in toxicity due to nanoparticle and protein impurities, and further requires manufacture of high quantities of recombinant ApoA-I, which is both technically difficult and costly. The focus of this research is discovery of novel ApoA-I mimic peptides, optimization of lipid composition of sHDL and use of these nanoparticles for atherosclerosis imaging and drug delivery. By understanding of biophysics of ApoA-I peptide binding to lipid membranes we are able to produce highly pure sHDL of homogeneous size, which are capable of mimicking the function of endogenous HDL. We have found that by optimizing lipid composition, the potency of sHDL in vitro and in vivo could be increased 3-fold. In addition, sHDL composition affected anti-inflammatory properties of nanoparticles and their remodeling in human plasma. Hence, understanding the mechanisms of how composition alters efficacy and safety of sHDL is critical for successful clinical translation of this novel class of cardiovascular drugs to the clinic.G an atom thick of carbon semimetal, has attracted a great deal of attention due to its new properties and promising applications which might have impact in new electronic devices, novel composite materials, innovative sensors, etc. However, graphene it is not alone, there is also hexagonal boron nitride (H-BN) a layered insulator which can be combined with graphene to form new hetero layer materials. Moreover, there are flat layered structures made out of transition metal dichacogenides (TMD) such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2, NbS2, NbSe2, WTe2, etc., which can behave as semiconductors or metals depending on the atoms involved. Interestingly, one monolayer of a semiconducting TMD exhibits a direct band gap which vanishes when adding another layer, thus producing an indirect band gap bilayer material. Since monolayer semiconducting TMD, with trigonal prismatic structure, do not possess center of inversion, exhibit valley polarization effects which envisage their application in non-linear optics and in a new field called valley-tronics. In this talk, theoretical and experimental efforts to shed light on the comportment of TMDs will be provided. First, the main synthesis methods of monolayer TMDs such as exfoliation, chemical vapor transport and chemical vapor deposition will be studied along with their main challenges. Second, the role of defects and doping of TMDs will be analyzed, and finally, first principles calculations to understand their optoelectronic behavior and Raman scattering will be also explained.D containing rigid conjugated backbones were prepared by a convergent method where the attachment of dendritic branches and the extension of phenylene-ethynylene units were alternatively manipulated on the structure of AB2 substituted diphenylacetylene. These dendrimer structures were applied for the construction of nanoscale light-harvesting antennas and charge-separating systems. The conjugated network inside the dendritic structure was shown to play an important role not only as a scaffold for the precise arrangement of functional groups but also as a mediator in both the photoinduced energyand electron-transfer processes. In addition, we report a novel methodology for the construction of nanoscale covalent assemblies with rigid conjugated backbones using dendrimers as modular building blocks. The method was successfully applied to construct a square assembly (diagonal distance of ca. 11 nm) and a linear octamer (48 nm). Spectroscopic measurements establish that the octamer prefers to have folded conformation. These examples demonstrate advantage of the dendrimer with conjugated backbones for the construction of nanoscale molecular devices.Q technology is a promising route for the realization of high-performance photovoltaic devices. The tuneability of optoelectronic properties of quantum dots makes them applicable for a range of novel device designs that offer power conversion efficiencies well in excess of conventional limits. The optoelectronic performance of the QDs, i.e. how well they absorb and emit light, is crucial to realizing these advanced concept devices. We report on InAs quantum dots whose optoelectronic performance has been improved by a Sb treatment prior to capping with GaAs. Significant increase in photoluminescence output is seen with a maximum performance for intermediate Sb spray times. The atomic structure of the Sb-sprayed QDs and the surrounding material matrix was investigated by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The results reveal the variability of dot shape and size, chemistry complexity and the degree of intermixing between Sb/dots and capping layer. These results can offer insights into the performance boosts observed and how further improvement might be made.R investigations have shown the attraction of using thin films doped with noble metal nanoparticles as recording media. Noble nanoparticles are used because of their strong resistance to frequencies range of optical radiation. As it is well known, the process of recoding is based on melting of nanoparticles into nanospheres without losing matter, which is caused by longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (SPR) induced by laser radiation. Longitudinal SPR is highly sensitive to such geometrical parameters of nanoparticles as aspect ratio and their orientation with respect to polarization of laser radiation. Thus, it is possible to record multiple patterns in one recording layer by using a number of scattered nanorods with different aspect ratio and orientation. As pattern recording is based on melting of nanorods into nanospheres of the same volume under the influence of laser radiation, detailed understanding of this process with respect to nonlinear properties of separated nanorods, as well as their closed-packed array, is the key to construction of new recording media. In this report, we investigate new nonlinear phenomenon: fast and slow laser light under a propagation of pulse with femtosecond duration in the medium with nanorods. We take into account the TPA of laser radiation by nanorods and time-dependence of changing the aspect ratio of nanorods due to their melting because of the laser energy absorption. We also take into account the dependence of the central frequency of the nanorods absorption spectrum from the aspect ratio, detuning between the central frequency of the absorption spectrum and the carrier frequency of the laser pulse, group velocity dispersion and the finite width of both the absorption spectrum and laser pulse spectrum. This phenomenon is very important for process of data storage and data processing using medium with nanoroads.T use of nanoporous membrane in fabrication of biosensorsof high sensitive and specificity for the detection of various analyte is currently an issue of great importance, and its success is often dictated by the size and nature of pore as well as the detection element (the specific ligand) along with choice of target analyte. Here we introduce a polycarbonate trek etched (PCTE) nanoporous membrane having a 5nm gold sputtered porous layer to be used as a selective biorecognition element in aimpedimetricnanoimmunosensor for the label-free detectionof fluorescent Pseudomonasin real soil samples. A simple and rapid method to modify a nanoporous gold surface of membrane through functionalization bythe attachment of thiol group is followed by antigen-antibody complex. Thiolation and antibody attachment has effectively reduced the non-specific bindingof biomolecules and other cells, and permitted successful immobilization of antibodies. The fluorescent Pseudomonas, one of the most used soil-borne plant growth promontory Rhizobacteria, was tested as a model bacteria in this study.A different nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles are especially interesting for biocatalysis because of great affinity of gold to thiols and amino groups, which are present in enzymes. Such interactions may cause changes in a structure of an enzyme and modify its substrate specificity. In literature, there is no information about influence of gold nanoparticles on enzyme stereoselectivity. Therefore systematic studies were performed to verify this phenomenon. Selected enzymes were immobilized on gold nanoparticles using different protocols. Obtained bionanocatalysts were used in a model stereoselective reaction. The influence of bionanocatalysts structure on the stereochemical course of the reaction studied will be discussed.C oxide nanoparticles were prepared hydrothermally at low temperature using water as solvent in microwave oven. The complex was characterized for its size and structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis energy “EDX” and X-ray diffraction “XRD” techniques. The effect of temperature on the morphology and the final products were studied, and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis energy show that this salt is pure and consist of only cadmium and oxygen. The mechanism of the reaction was concluded from collected data.N conjugated polymer thin films represent a promising material for applications such as sensing or organic photovoltaics due to their enhanced interface and semi-conducting properties. While most researchers focus their studies on either elaborated chemistry or time and energy-consuming nano-imprinting methods, we here demonstrate that nanostructured P3HT thin films are easily obtained by using commercially available polymers through self-assembly followed by selected removal of one of the phases. P3HT is among the most widely used conjugated polymers, especially for transistors, sensors and photovoltaic applications. Our simple and cost-effective fabrication process is based on spin-coating of polymerpolymer blends. In order to obtain relatively ordered structures, the compatibility between the two polymers must be given particular attention. For instance, we find that highly incompatible polymers form bilayers rather nanostructured films. With the adequate system, we further investigate the influence of the molecular weights and the relative concentration of the two polymers to control the dimensions of the nanostructures obtained (nanopores and nanoislands). Playing on these parameters, we observe how an increased interface between donor and acceptor molecules in organic solar cells can enhance the device performances. Furthermore, a careful study using angle dependent FTIR and ellipsometry revealed that the conjugated polymer crystallites in the nanostructured films undergo a reorientation at the polymer-polymer interface which is beneficial for an enhanced charge collection within the semi-conducting layer of the solar cells. This low-cost and adaptable method could be applied to a variety of materials to fabricate innovative and original functional devices.E field-induced metal-insulator transition in correlated electron materials has been attracting much attention as not only a mainstream in a development of oxide electronics but also a platform for investigation of condensed-matter physics. In the common motivation, electric field at gate has been used as accumulation and depletion of electric charge carriers to cause drastic change of the transport property because the correlated electronic phases are very sensitive to the number of carriers. However, it is beginning to be understood that the strong electric field induces redox reaction of into or out of oxygen or hydrogen at the interface in oxide channels, especially in applying ion liquid gates. Recently, as a new concept device actively for focusing on the field induced-redox reaction in oxides using water, large modulations of transport and thermopower properties were reported. Water would be a key material to cause strong redox reaction in oxides by an electric field because electrolyzed water separates the strong active agents of H+ and OH/O2ions. In this research, we demonstrate reversible and memristive modulation of transport properties in vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanowires, which is a prototypical correlated electron material, using electric field-induced water electrolysis through air nano-gap in a planer type gate. The device totally works under an ambient air condition at room temperature. Our results offer a newly convenient technique to induce redox reaction and will serve as a powerful tool for examining transport properties on redox effect.T sci‐fi inspired miniaturization of full‐scale robotic manipulation down to the mesoscopic scale regime opens new doors for exploiting the forces of photons for micro‐ and nanobiologic probing, actuation and control. A generic approach for optimizing light‐matter interaction on these scales involves the combination of optimal light‐sculpting with the use of optimized shapes in micro‐ and nano‐robotic structures. Micro‐fabrication processes such as two‐photon photo‐polymerization offer three‐dimensional resolutions for crafting custom‐designed monolithic microstructures that can be equipped with optical trapping handles for convenient opto‐mechanical control using only optical forces. Such microstructures as illustrated above can be effectively handled with simultaneous top and side view on our proprietary BioPhotonics Workstation (BWS) to undertake six degree of freedom optical actuation of tiny 3D‐printed tip structures easily entering the submicron regime. Aided by our international collaborators who fabricated test structures for us, we were able to put our pioneering concept of optically steerable freestanding waveguides coined: wave‐guided optical waveguides to the test using our BWS. We have also proposed using these techniques for generating two photon real time spatially sculpted light for the strongly emerging areas of neurophotonics and optogenetics.We report on position and density control of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres created in type Ib diamond using localised exposure from a helium ion microscope and subsequent annealing. Spatial control to <;380 nm has been achieved.T based on transcription factors have the potential to revolutionize medicine, but have had limited medical impact because of delivery problems. In this presentation, we demonstrate that a delivery vehicle, termed DARTs (DNA Assembled Recombinant Transcription factors), can for the first time deliver recombinant transcription factors in vivo, and rescue mice from acute liver failure. DARTs are composed of a double stranded oligonucleotide that contain a transcription factor binding sequence, and have hydrophobic C25 alkyl chains located at their 3’ ends, which are “masked” by acid cleavable galactose residues. DARTs have a unique molecular architecture, which allows them to complex transcription factors, target hepatocytes, disrupt endosomes, and release transcription factors into hepatocytes. We show here that DARTs can deliver the transcription factor Nrf2, to the liver, enhance the transcription of Nrf2 downstream genes, and protect mice from acetaminophen induced liver injury. The DART delivery strategy has tremendous therapeutic potential given the central role of transcription factors in biology and medicine.S technologies are currently in use for computer memory devices. However, there is a need for a universal memory device that has high density, high speed and low power requirements. To this end, various types of magnetic-based technologies with a permanent magnet have been proposed. Recent charge-transfer studies indicate that chiral molecules act as an efficient spin filter. We utilize this effect to achieve a proof of concept for a new type of chiral-based magnetic-based Si-compatible universal memory device without a permanent magnet. More specifically, we use spin-selective charge transfer through a self-assembled monolayer of polyalanine to magnetize a Ni layer. This magnitude of magnetization corresponds to applying an external magnetic field of 0.4 T to the Ni layer. The readout is achieved using low currents. The presented technology has the potential to overcome the limitations of other magnetic-based memory technologies to allow fabricating inexpensive, high-density universal memory-on-chip devices. In the talk author will present nano tool box and show studies of charge transfer, spin transfer and energy transfer in the hybrid layers as well as collective transfer phenomena. These enable the realization of room temperature operating quantum electro optical devices.Electrons in graphene obey Dirac physics which manifests itself through unconventional quantum phenomena, e.g. Klein tunneling - where transmission normal to a potential barrier is close to unity. As a result, graphene systems present unique opportunities for engineering of the electron wavefunction. This would pave the way towards graphene devices and applications that are conceptually entirely new in condensed matter physics and nanoelectronics, such as lateral devices based on quantum interference, or configurable wiring and electron guides. In this presentation the author will focus on two routes for achieving such wavefunction tailoring: Through quantum interference phenomena at lateral interfaces and edges within multi-stacked graphene systems (providing different electron behavior at “hard” and “soft” edges, while interference patterns are controlled by the stacking sequence); and through controlling and modulating the surface potential of the graphene sheet at nanoscale/atomic level via interaction with the substrate and its nanostructures (naturally-occurring or bottom-up engineered). Experimental evidence is collected from scanning probe microscopy studies (Scanning Tunneling, non-contact Atomic Force and Kelvin Probe Microscopies), while theoretical support comes from both full ab-initio and semi-classical calculations. Further, the author will show that inorganic nanostructures provide routes for designing/controlling potentials, electronic superstructures and, ultimately, electron behavioral so in related systems, i.e., carbon nanotubes with encapsulated nanowires. Overall, these examples illustrate generic principles for nanoscale design of properties in graphene-based hybrid systems. - See more at: http://nanotechnology2014.conferenceseries.net/scientific-program.php?day=1&sid=403&date=2014-12-01#sthash.m04QnU8X.dpufP work by our team has demonstrated that calcium phosphosilicate nanoparticles (CPSNPs) are nontoxic candidates for bioimaging and therapeutic drug delivery applications. The pH-dependent solubility profiles of CPSNPs make this class of nanoparticles especially useful for in vitro and in vivo delivery of fluoroprobes as well as chemotherapeutics. CPSNPs that encapsulate the near infra-red fluoroprobe, indocyanine green, have both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic efficacy. These “theranostic” attributes can be exploited to enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT), an alternative modality for cancer treatment. ICG-CPSNPs have enhanced optical imaging properties andfunction as stable photosensitizers for PDT. Data will be presented to demonstrate the theranostic potential of ICG-CPSNPs in multiple models of solid and non-solid tumors. In addition to fluoroprobes and chemotherapeutics, CPSNPs can be formulated to encapsulate molecular-based therapies, such as siRNA. Data will also be presented demonstrating the utility of these non-cationic formulations in in vivo models of cancer.I this talk, the author is going to present two types of ultrasensitive techniques for nano-object sensing. The first one is based on heterogeneously coupled plasmonic waveguides, where giant angular dispersion (AD) as high as 5.4 degree/nm can be achieved. Full-wave vectorial finite difference time domain (FDTD) method was applied which successfully mapped out the modal evolution. It is found that the record high superprism effect originated from the modal competition at the output of the waveguide, where two oppositely swirled optical vortices form. Changing the wavelength of the incident light effectively tunes the relative strength of the vortices, resulting in a controllable beaming effect. Based on the obtained AD, the achievable sensing capability was estimated to be 740 degree/RIU. The second sensing platform was formed by a plasmonic carousel side coupled to a bus waveguide. Due to intra-cavity resonance over the coupling length, giant modal-splitting as large as ∆λ=140 nm can be achieved. Of particular interest, the modal field distributions characterized by two individual resonances form a complementary set in spatial domain, providing two individual channels for sensing the position and polarizability (or the refractive index) of a nano-object simultaneously. Since giant modal splitting of 140 nm has been achieved, ultrasensitive nanoobject detection can be readily realized with a commercially-available, handheld spectrometer with a moderate resolution.T electrochemical erosion of a graphite cathode during the electrolysis of molten lithium chloride salt may be used for the preparation of nano-structured carbon materials. It has been found that the structures and morphologies of these carbon nanomaterials are dependent on those of the graphite cathodes employed and also on the processing parameters such as current density used during the electrolysis process. Tubular and spherical carbon nanostructures can be selectively produced by appropriate control of these parameters.G therapy the transfer of therapeutic DNA into the cells of a patient to treat and potentially cure human disease, has been succeeding in addressing unmet medical needs in increasing number of human clinical trials over the past 5 years. These studies, which have utilized engineered viral carriers in which viral genes have been removed and replaced with therapeutic DNA to treat disease, have established that gene delivery vehicles based on viruses are efficient, safe, and capable of therapeutic gene transfer to numerous target cells and tissues. In particular, nanoscale vehicles or vectors based on the adeno-associated virus (AAV) are highly promising; however, numerous challenges limit their broader utility such as immune responses, physical barriers within complex tissue structures, low delivery efficiency to many cell types, and an inability to target delivery to specific cells. These challenges are not surprising, as nature did not evolve viruses for use as human therapeutics. Rational design has made progress in creating viral variants to address several shortcomings; however, in most situations there is insufficient mechanistic knowledge of underlying virus structure-function relationships to empower rational design with the capacity to engineer a virus. We have been developing directed evolution approaches to address a number of problems with AAV. Directed evolution which emulates the natural evolution process, involves the iterative genetic diversification of a viral genome and functional selection for desired properties. Using this process, we have fundamentally shifted and improved a number of viral delivery properties with implications for clinical gene therapy.

Detection of Amyloid Marker Thioflavin T on Ag Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Early oligomeric aggregates of human alpha-synuclein are implicated in interactions with essential cellular components leading to toxicity. Very little is known about the molecular details of these aggregate species. We have developed a method that uses sub-stoichiometric labeling, that is, only a fraction of the monomers contain a fluorescent label, in combination with single-molecule photobleaching to determine the number of monomers per oligomer (Zijlstra et al., Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 51, 8821–8824, 2012). The number of bleaching steps gives the number of fluorescent labels per oligomer. Knowing the exact label density, that is, the fraction of labeled monomers at the start of the aggregation, we can correlate the number of fluorescent labels per oligomer to the total number of monomers. Using this method, we can determine the composition, probe the distribution in the number of monomers per oligomer, and investigate the influence of the fluorescent label on the aggregation process.Non-ionic surfactants are widely used in protein biosensing technologies to improve sensitivity and specificity. The surfactants inhibit protein aggregation and improve the functionalized surfaces in immunoassays. However, surfactants can potentially act as interfering factors in the assay modifying the protein conformation and the ligand-receptor affinity [1]. In practice, the surfactant concentration in assay buffers is an empirical compromise that is reached without design rules based on molecular understanding. Recently we have developed a torsion profiling technique [2] based on magnetic particle labels to measure the mechanical properties of individual ligand-receptor pairs. Using a rotating magnetic field, we apply a controlled torque to an individual protein pair sandwiched between a functionalized magnetic particle and a substrate, and thereby determine its torsion constant. The torsion is visualized using fluorescently labelled particles attached to the magnetic bead. In this work, we investigate the interaction of surfactants with the proteinG-IgG molecular complex. The study was conducted at multiple concentrations of the surfactants Tween 20 (nonionic) and SDS (anionic). The data show an increased rotational flexibility of the protein complexes upon addition of both surfactants. Tween 20 is able to decrease the torsion constant of the complex up to a factor of 34 for a concentration 10x above the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) whereas SDS induces a factor of 8 decrease at the same concentration. Circular Dichroism (CD) measurements reveal that the secondary structure of the protein G is modified when it interacts with both surfactants, whereas no CD change is observed for the IgG antibody. The underlying interactions of both surfactants with the protein complexes are different and will be discussed. Measuring the torsional rigidity of proteins is a novel method to analyze structural changes of protein complexes at single molecule resolution. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the mechanical integrity of the protein pair is compromised by surfactants without breaking the ligand-receptor bond. [1] D. Dorokhin, L. Nieto Garrido, L.J. van IJzendoorn, A.M. de Jong, L. Brunsveld, J. Orsel, M.W.J. Prins, submitted, 2014. [2] A. van Reenen, F. Gutierrez-Mejia, L.J. van IJzendoorn, M.W.J. Prins, Biophys. J. 2013, 104, 1073-80.α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a140 amino acid (aa) amyloidogenic protein implicated in Parkinson’s disease. Its physiological functions are yet unclear, but are believed to be connected to the interaction with synaptic vesicles or membranes of other organelles. We used the fluorescence of 13 single tryptophan mutants of αSyn to determine the immersion of different positions of the protein into lipid membranes. Our results support a previously reported 3/11 helical conformation of membrane-bound αSyn determined by the presence of 11 aa repeats in the sequence, but also point to the presence of a flexible break at residues 52-54 between two helical regions. Residues 89-100 are likely disordered but interact with membranes. Deletion of the 4 aa linker between repeats does not significantly affect αSyn membrane binding but strongly decrease the protein aggregation and fibril formation propensity. We believe that the 11 aa repeats in the sequence play a key role in αSyn’s ability to switch between a helical conformation on membranes and β-sheets in fibrils.

Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles with plasmonic properties. Applications in surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Trabajo presentado en la 4th SCARCE International Conference (Towards a better understanding of the links between stressors, hazard assessment and ecosystem services under water scarcity), celebrada en Cadiz el 25 y 26 de noviembre de 2013.4 paginas.-- 1 figuras.-- 2 tablas.-- 8 referencias.-- Comunicacion presentada en el VIII Congreso Iberico de las Ciencias del Suelo. VIII Congresso Iberico de Ciencias do Solo. DONOSTIA-SAN SEBASTIAN. 20 - 22 junio 2018..-- El documento completo se encuentra para su descarga en http://www.cics2018.com/libro-de-abstracts/49 Pags.- 15 Figs. Tesis Master para optar al grado Master en Iniciacion a la Investigacion en Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural por la Universidad de Zaragoza realizada en la Estacion Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD-CSIC) bajo direccion del Dr. Javier Abadia Bayona (EEAD-CSIC).Trabajo presentado en el 10o Congreso de la Asociacion Iberica de Endocrinologia Comparada (AIEC), celebrado en Castellon (Espana), del 23 al 25 de septiembre de 2015Master en Microbiologia realizado por Elvira Barroso Merinero en el Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Alimentacion (CSIC-UAM).Los avances cientificos han evidenciado el papel fundamental de la dieta en la salud, existiendo un creciente interes del consumidor en la relacion entre la dieta y la salud. Estudios epidemiologicos realizados durante las ultimas decadas demuestran la conexion que existe entre el tipo de alimento consumido y su composicion, con la mejora o el mantenimiento de un estado saludable del individuo. Los alimentos funcionales presentan efectos especificos beneficiosos para la salud humana mas alla de la nutricion basica. En este sentido, se estan descubriendo propiedades funcionales en muchos alimentos de origen vegetal, dentro de los cuales se encuentra la cebolla, con potencial como alimento funcional. La composicion nutricional de la cebolla es muy compleja, presenta diversos fructooligosacaridos como carbohidratos de reserva, y se caracteriza por presentar cantidades significativas de vitaminas, minerales y elementos traza. La cebolla es rica en compuestos bioactivos, entre los que cabe destacar los compuestos organosulfurados, como los S-alqu(en)il-L-cisteina sulfoxidos y los flavonoides como la quercetina, a los cuales se les atribuye los potenciales efectos beneficiosos para la salud. Existen numerosos estudios sobre la potencial actividad biologica de la cebolla, especialmente propiedades anticancerigenas, efectos en el metabolismo lipidico, efectos cardioprotectores, actividad antibiotica y propiedades antioxidantes. La creciente demanda por parte del consumidor de alimentos faciles de consumir, seguros y con propiedades biologicas mas alla de las nutricionales, manteniendo su calidad sensorial y organoleptica, ha motivado a investigadores e industriales al desarrollo de nuevas tecnologias de procesado, siendo las altas presiones hidrostaticas una de las que ha recibido mayor atencion. El potencial y las limitaciones del procesado de alimentos mediante altas presiones hidrostaticas ha sido extensamente estudiado, la gran mayoria de investigaciones se han centrado en estudiar su aplicacion como metodo de inactivacion microbiana y enzimatica. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios realizados sobre el efecto que ejerce el procesado de alimentos por alta presion hidrostatica sobre la potencial actividad biologica de los mismos...Poster presentado al XXXVII Congreso de la Sociedad Espanola de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, celebrado en Granada del 9 al 12 de septiembre de 2014.Resumen del poster presentado al IX Simposio de Investigadores Jovenes Real Sociedad Espanola de Quimica - Sigma Aldrich celebrado en Zaragoza del 7 al 10 de noviembre de 2012.Los proyectos TEMPURA: (CGL2005- 00092/BOS) y ACOURA (CGL2008-04814-C02) fueron financiados por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion del Gobierno de Espana. Actualmente, continuamos los estudios de bioacustica de anuros con fondos del Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad del Gobierno de Espana. (proyecto TATANKA, CGL2001/25062)Financial support was provided by the Fundacion Biodiversidad and the project MICIIN-CGL2011-24150/BOS.En tan solo una decada, Espana se ha convertido en uno de los paises del mundo de mayor afluencia de inmigracion internacional, procedente en gran medida de paises de America Latina. En este contexto, en este articulo se investigan las pautas de formacion de la pareja de los latinoamericanos en Espana a partir de tres fuentes estadisticas: el Censo de Poblacion y Viviendas de 2001, el registro de matrimonios y el registro de nacimientos del Movimiento Natural de la Poblacion. Concretamente, se analizan los niveles de endogamia conyugal por sexo de los 11 grupos mas numerosos. De los resultados se advierten diferencias significativas entre las tres fuentes. Con independencia de la fuente, sin embargo, los niveles de endogamia varian sensiblemente de un grupo a otro y, en algunos casos, entre hombres y mujeres dentro de un mismo grupo. En parte, estas variaciones obedecen a factores de tipo estructural, como el tamano del grupo, la antiguedad y la relacion de masculinidad dentro de cada grupo.El presente volumen colectivo analiza, desde diferentes perspectivas historicas, la relacion de la creacion artistica y visual con los desplazamientos geograficos del artista y con la movilidad de sus producciones materiales o inmateriales. El arte y el viaje, un tema con multiples aspectos de interes en las investigaciones y estudios historico-artisticos y al que en 2010 se dedicaron las XV Jornadas Internacionales de Historia del Arte del CSIC, tambien ha sido siempre un tema importante en la trayectoria formativa, profesional y vivencial del artista, en las descripciones y escritos del viajero y del entendido o en el traslado de la produccion artistica como adquisicion, botin, herencia, intercambio, regalo, embajada diplomatica, etc. Asi, el conjunto de trabajos que se ofrece en estas paginas propone observar y analizar desde la historia del arte los aspectos que inciden en el viaje como vision privilegiada para la confrontacion de contextos historicos y sociales, como motivo de inspiracion para descripciones artisticas o literarias, como elemento consustancial de la formacion artistica en las sociedades antiguas o modernas, o como huida o exilio en busca de contextos mas propicios para la creacion artistica y el pensamiento. Privilegiado argumento y perspectiva para el analisis y enfoque del hecho artistico, para una mejor articulacion de las diferentes revisiones, reflexiones, aspectos y enfoques que conectan al arte y al viaje, la actual publicacion se ha estructurado en tres secciones, que agrupan las aportaciones de casi medio centenar de autores: 1a. El viaje del artista: de la formacion al arraigo; 2a. Los viajeros y su mirada sobre el arte; y 3a. La obra de arte viajera.Trabajo presentado en el V Workshop The cultivation of the Soles, celebrado en Faro (Portugal) del 5 al 7 de abril de 2011.Programa CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 (CSD-TCP CSD2007-00058),Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Espana; Proyecto PADCAM (S2007/HU M-543) Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid; Contrato ART.83 – LOU/Universidad de Salamanca, financiado por la Junta de Castilla y Leon.Trabajo presentado en la XVIII Semana Cientifica Antonio Gonzalez celebrada en en la Universidad de La Laguna (Tenerife) del 8 al 10 de octubre de 2014.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la contribucion del filosofo de la ciencia Ian Hacking a la historia cultural de la psiquiatria. Partiendo de conceptos propuestos por el autor, como “enfermedad mental transitoria” o “inventar/construir gente”, se reflexiona en torno a la construccion socio-cultural de la enfermedad mental. Se examinan y discuten los dos estudios de caso propuestos por Hacking: la fuga disociativa y la personalidad multiple, identificando las fortalezas y debilidades de sus planteamientos y la posible aplicacion de los mismos a la historia y a la teoria psicopatologica.Trabajo presentado en el 3rd European symposium on photocatalysis (JEP 2013), celebrada en Portorov (Eslovenia) del 25 al 27 de septiembre de 2013.This paper shows a synthectic view of the vegetation history, the anthropogenic dymamic and the climatic evolution of the Protohistoric period in a very specific sector of the Ebro Valley, the present province of Alava. To this end, we have used a palaeoenvironmental tool of great interest, the study of pollen, spores and non‐pollen palynomorphs preserved in several different deposits of the Bronze Age and Iron Age, in order to provide data and reflections to different problems related with cultural changes.Este trabajo se inscribe en el marco de los Proyectos de Investigacion HUM200763608/FILO y FFI2010-17273 del Plan Nacional de I+D+i del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion.Trabajo presentado al VII Congreso Espanol de Ingenieria de los Alimentos celebrado en Ciudad Real del 7 al 9 de noviembre de 2012.Resumen del trabajo presentado a la 10th Conferencia Fuerzas y Tunel, celebrada en Girona (Espana) del 5 al 7 de septiembre de 2016.Trabajo presentado a la VII Reunion de Expertos en Fluidos Comprimidos celebrada en Barcelona (Espana) del 12 al 13 de junio de 2014.Comunicacion presentada en el VI Congreso de Mejora genetica de plantas, celebrado en Gijon en septiembre de 2012.- 2 paginas y 1 tabla.En 1909 se celebraron en Valencia y Lorca homenajes a Darwin en el primer centenario del nacimiento. Medio siglo despues, los actos y publicaciones de la comunidad cientifica espanola con motivo del centenario de la publicacion de On the Origin of Species, coincidieron en mostrar una cercania y aceptacion hacia las tesis de la sintesis moderna de la evolucion. Durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, en Espana se desarrollaron controversias entre las posturas darwinistas y antidarwinistas y se difundieron y apoyaron teorias evolucionistas no darwinistas. Aunque pronto se conocieron, comentaron y discutieron los supuestos de la teoria sintetica de la evolucion, la tendencia mayoritaria en los anos cuarenta y cincuenta fue inclinarse por interpretaciones vitalistas y finalistas.Trabajo presentado al 10th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids celebrado en San Francisco (US) del 13 al 16 de mayo de 2012.4 Pags.- 1 Tabl.- 1 Fig. Contribucion de los autores originalmente presentada, como comunicacion, en el XIV Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Horticolas (SECH 2015): Retos de la Nueva Agricultura Mediterranea (Orihuela, 3-5 junio 2015).Trabajo presentado en las IV Jornadas de la Asociacion Espanola de Leguminosas. V Seminario de la Judia, celebradas en Pontevedra (Espana), en julio de 20123 paginas, 1 tabla.--Trabajo presentado a las XVI Jornadas sobre Produccion Animal AIDA (Zaragoza, 19 al 20 de mayo, 2015).Historical Epistemology Project- Mobility Grant, HUM 2007– 63267/FISO, 2009–2010, Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationThis research was funded by grants CGL2008-04271-C02- 01/BOS, and CGL2011-28300 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion- MICINN), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad- MEC, Spain, and FEDER). G. Sanchez-Montes is funded by a predoctoral grant provided by the Asociacion de Amigos de la Universidad de Navarra. E. Recuero is supported by a DGAPA-UNAM postdoctoral fellowship. J. Gutierrez-Rodriguez is supported by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas of Spain (CSIC) and the European Social Fund (ESF) (JAE-pre PhD fellowship). IMS was funded by the project ‘Biodiversity, Ecology and Global Change’, co-financed by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme 2007/2013 (ON.2–O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF), through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and is currently supported by funding from the Spanish Severo Ochoa Program (SEV- 2012-0262).Poster presentado en el congreso 4th SCARCE International Conference, celebrado en Cadiz, Espana el 25 y 26 de noviembre de 2013En esta tesis, tratamos de mirar profundamente en el interior de la estructura de los glicanos, con el objetivo de traducir la informacion estructural extraida a nivel atomico en la razon de la flexibilidad molecular. La introduccion de esta tesis se centra en el codigo de los carbohidratos, como la informacion biologica se almacena en la estructura de los glicanos y como este mensaje es leido y traducido por los receptores. Tambien se presenta el uso de glicomimeticos y su utilizo como moleculas de interes bio-medico y espectroscopico. El capitulo concluye con una descripcion de los metodos experimentales que se utilizaron en esta tesis para elucidar la estructura y las interacciones de los glicanos. En el capitulo dos se discute la flexibilidad de los azucares a nivel de monosacarido. Se presenta una nueva generacion de glicomimeticos que contienen atomos de fluor. Hemos aplicado una combinacion de espectroscopia de RMN y metodos computacionales para investigar el comportamiento dinamico de los anillos de idosa y glucosa. En el especifico, hemos utilizado experimentos de espectroscopia RMN a baja temperatura para ralentizar el intercambio conformacional de los anillos de idosa. En estas condiciones, el intercambio es lento con respecto a la escala de tiempo del desplazamiento quimico en fluor, asi permitiendo arrojar luz sobre las caracteristicas termodinamicas y cineticas del equilibrio. De monosacarido a disacarido. En el capitulo tres se discute el origen de la flexibilidad del enlace glicosidico. En el especifico, el uso de mimeticos moleculares proporciona resultados clave en el diseno de glicanos sinteticos, como modular las componentes estereoelectronicas que son relevantes a la hora de definir la distribucion de poblaciones para los posibles conformeros. Mediante el uso de metodos de RMN y de los calculos teoricos, se muestra que es posible restablecer el efecto anomerico de un acetal cuando se sustituye uno de los atomos de oxigeno por un grupo CF2. Receptor de glicano. La relacion que existe entre la dinamica de proteinas y sus funciones es todavia poco caracterizada desde el punto de vista energetico. En el capitulo cinco hemos utilizado GGBP, una proteina de union a glucosa y galactosa, como modelo para definir los movimientos conformacionales asociados a su funcion, tanto desde el punto de vista estructural como energetico. Para llevar a cabo este estudio hemos usado un enfoque innovador que combina los experimentos de RMN de compuestos paramagneticos con simulaciones de Dinamica Molecular. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la proteina en su estado libre coexiste entre conformaciones abiertas y cerrad, con una velocidad de intercambio de 25 ns. A pesar de esta heterogeneidad conformacional, la presencia del ligando es el impetus para desplazar el equilibrio hacia la forma cerrada. Estos resultados demuestran que, en algunos casos, el evento de reconocimiento molecular no se puede describir como puros induced fit o conformational selection procesos. Finalmente, las interacciones tipo CH/p aportan importantes contribuciones a los procesos de reconocimiento moleculares. En complejos de glicano-proteina, estas interacciones debiles implican un sistema p de un residuo aromatico dela proteina, como aceptor, y un grupo polar CH en el azucar, como donante. A pesar de su amplia difusion, caracterizada por estudios estructurales, una directa evidencia de esta interaccion todavia no ha sido proporcionada. Nosotros proponemos que la RMN podria proporcionar evidencias directas de la existencia de un acoplamiento debil atreves intermolecular coupling. En este capitulo se discuten los resultados preliminares dedicados al diseno de un sistema de etiquetas isotopicas apropiadas para mejorar la sensibilidad experimental necesaria a la deteccion directa. El ultimo capitulo se presentan las conclusiones generales procedentes del trabajo que se ha realizado durante este programa de estudios de doctorado.Los autores agradecen la financiacion recibida del Plan Nacional de Investigacion AGL2007-61805, AGL2009-09445 y PI-200870I049). Borja Sanchez es contratado del Programa Juan de la Cierva del MICINN.El contacto con la familia, principalmente con hijos cuando los tienen, es un elemento destacado de la calidad de vida para muchas personas mayores. Los lazos intergeneracionales dentro de la estructura familiar vertical no se han debilitado con el paso del tiempo, ni con los cambios en los tipos de familia. Incluso pueden ser más prolongados, pues hay más tiempo compartido en co-biografía entre padres mayores e hijos.Poster presentado al II Congreso de la Asociacion Espanola de Profesionales del Analisis Sensorial (AEPAS), celebrado en Valencia del 18 al 20 de octubre de 2017.This work is part of the research project entitled “The Spanish Institute of Entomology, CSIC (1941-1985): a stage in the history of science of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (ref. HAR2011-28621)”.Resumen del trabajo presentado al International Symposium on Immunonutrition (10th Anniversary), celebrado en Madrid (Espana) del 17 al 19 de julio de 2017.Los autores agradecen al Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (AGL2012-38357-C02-01 cofinanciado con fondos FEDER y CGL2012-38655-C04-01) y a la Junta de Andalucia (AGR- 7252) la financiacion de este proyecto. M Llana-Ruiz-Cabello agradece a la Junta de Andalucia por su beca predoctoral y NT Jimenez-Morillo por su beca FPI (BES-2013-062573).Memoria presentada por Guzman Torrelo Villa para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencia y Tecnologia de los Alimentos.Las proteasas existentes en el musculo de pescado contribuyen de manera importante a los cambios texturales post mortem que tienen lugar en el musculo, asi como en la aptitud tecnologica de este para su posterior procesado, por ejemplo en la elaboracion de productos derivados del pescado. Las proteasas al actuar sobre las proteinas del musculo pueden influir negativamente sobre las propiedades funcionales de las mismas. Asi por ejemplo, se ha observado que la accion de proteasas termoestables que degradan las proteinas miofibrilares puede impedir el proceso de gelificacion termica tradicional. Distintos metodos como el lavado del musculo, la adicion de inhibidores de uso alimentario, el calentamiento rapido o el tratamiento por altas presiones se pueden emplear para el control de la actividad enzimatica, contribuyendo a mantener o mejorar la calidad y la conservacion de los productos pesqueros. Por otro lado, a la hora de aplicar el tratamiento de altas presiones hay que considerar el efecto que tiene este sobre otros componentes de los alimentos, ya que la alta presion puede inducir cambios estructurales en las proteinas, conduciendo tambien con ello a cambios en las propiedades funcionales de los alimentos. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron caracterizar los principales grupos de enzimas presentes en el musculo de sardina y bacaladilla, determinar sus condiciones de maxima actividad, y estudiar su modificacion tras el tratamiento con altas presiones (300 Mpa, 7o C, 20 min). La seleccion de las especies se baso en su diferente actividad proteolitica y contenido en grasa. Ademas, se estudio el efecto de la actividad proteolitica y el tratamiento con alta presion en las proteinas miofibrilaes, y en consecuencia, en la aptitud funcional de las proteinas del musculo, en concreto, en la capacidad gelificante del musculo. Por otro lado, teniendo en cuenta que la realizacion de lavados es muy frecuente en la industria, depEl calentamiento global proyectado puede afectar de forma negativa al proceso de maduracion de la uva y a su composicion. En este sentido, el empleo de diferentes variantes somaticas que se acumulan en cada variedad en el proceso de multiplicacion vegetativa de la vid (Vitis vinifera L.) pueden ser una herramienta util para mantener la calidad de la uva y el vino en condiciones de cambio climatico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la temperatura elevada sobre la acumulacion de azucares y antocianinas en las bayas de trece variantes somaticas (accesiones) de vid cv. Tempranillo, que difieren en la longitud de su ciclo. Se cultivaron estaquillas fructiferas de trece accesiones de vid (86, 1052, 336, 518, 501, 349, 280, 825, 807, 814, 318, 56, y 1084, Gobierno de la Rioja) en condiciones controladas, y se sometieron, desde cuajado hasta madurez, a dos regimenes termicos: 24/14oC o 28/18oC, dia/noche. Se determino el desarrollo fenologico como el numero de dias desde cuajado a envero y desde envero a madurez. Se analizo la concentracion de solidos solubles totales (SST) y antocianinas totales en piel en cuatro puntos del desarrollo de la baya: i) pre-envero (antes del inicio de la sintesis de antocianinas), ii) envero (50 % de la baya coloreada), iii) dos semanas despues del envero y iv) madurez (21-23oBrix). Las accesiones 349, 807, 814, 56 y 1084 presentaron los ciclos mas largos y la 501 y 518 los mas cortos. Las principales diferencias entre accesiones se observaron en el periodo comprendido entre envero y madurez. La temperatura elevada redujo significativamente el numero de dias transcurridos entre cuajado y madurez, con una mayor influencia antes del envero. Las variantes somaticas difirieron en la tasa de acumulacion de SST y antocianinas. Los resultados indican, en general, un efecto de desacoplamiento termico entre azucares y antocianinas en la baya. Las variantes somaticas estudiadas difirieron en el grado de desacoplamiento entre ambos metabolitos, asi las accesiones 501 y 56 fueron las que mostraron un mayor desequilibrio, especialmente en madurez, mientras que la 1052 y la 318 fueron las menos afectadas. Estas diferencias no estuvieron asociadas directamente con las distintas longitudes de ciclo (cuajadoenvero) que mostraron las accesiones estudiadas.Trabajo presentado en Natural Products and Biocontrol Congress, celebrado en Perpignan (France) del 21 al 23 de septiembre de 2016.Trabajo presentado en el V Congreso Iberoamericano de Productos Naturales, celebrado en Bogota (Colombia) del 25 al 29 de abril de 2016.4 paginas.-- 21 referencias.-- Comunicacion oral presentada en el XIII Simposio Hispano-Portugues de Relaciones Hidricas en las Plantas “Aprendiendo a optimizar el uso del agua en las plantas para hacer de nuestro entorno un ambiente mas sostenible” Libro de resumenes . 18 – 20 de octubre de 2016 Pamplona (Espana)Poster presentado en el 60 Benzon Symposium: Nuclear Regulation by Ubiquitin, celebrado en Copenhage del 18 al 21 de agosto de 2014Trabajo presentado a la I Jornada CYTED-IBEROFUN sobre Alimentacion y Salud, celebrada en Mexico en 2010.XXII Reunion Nacional de Espectroscopia. VI Congreso Iberico de Espectroscopia, Porto 8th to 10th September 2010Human LSECtin (Liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin, CLEC4G) is a C-type lectin encoded within the L-SIGN/DC-SIGN/CD23 gene cluster. LSECtin acts as a pathogen-attachment factor for Ebola and SARS virus, and its expression can be induced by IL-4 on monocytes and macrophages. Although reported as a liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell-specific molecule, LSECtin could be detected in the MUTZ-3 dendritic-like cell line at the mRNA and protein level, and immunohistochemistry analysis on human liver revealed its presence in Kupffer cells co-expressing the myeloid marker CD68. The expression of LSECtin in myeloid cells was further corroborated through the analysis of the proximal regulatory region of the human LSECtin gene, which contains a highly conserved PU.1-binding site at position 70 and whose activity was maximal in LSECtin+ myeloid cells. PU.1 transactivated the LSECtin regulatory region in collaboration with other hematopoietic-restricted transcription factors (Myb, RUNX3), and was found to be constitutively bound to the LSECtin proximal promoter in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Moreover, knockdown of PU.1 through the use of siRNA led to a decrease in LSECtin mRNA levels in both THP-1 myeloid cells and in monocyte-derived dendritic cells, thus confirming the involvement of PU.1 in the myeloid expression of the lectin. Therefore, LSECtin is expressed by myeloid cells and its expression is dependent on the PU.1 transcription factor.70 paginas.- Proyecto Fin de Carrera de Ingenieria Tecnica Forestal de Pontevedra, Universidad de VigoEsta investigacion se pudo realizar gracias al Proyecto CGL2005-03912/BOS del Plan Nacional de Investigacion, Desarrollo e InnovacionResumen del trabajo presentado a la 6a Jornada de Jovenes Investigadores en Fisica y Quimica de Aragon celebrada en Zaragoza el 20 de noviembre de 2014.Agglomeration can generate gains. If it does, how does it work and how are those gains distributed across agglomerated firms? Despite the existence of an important body of research on this topic, the evidence is inconclusive. We examine the effect of localization externalities on a firm’s innovativeness. By analyzing a large dataset of 6,697 firms integrated with another regional agglomeration-related dataset, we obtain results which show that (i) location in an agglomeration has a positive influence on a firm’s absorptive capacity and innovativeness, and, (ii) firms benefit heterogeneously from being located in agglomerations, with benefits being distributed asymmetrically. Agglomeration gains exist but not all firms benefit equally: the least innovative firms gain the most.The authors wish to acknowledge partial funding of the program Consolider TCP Ref. CSD2007-00058 and professional support by the Historical and Cultural Heritage Thematic Network (CSIC). T. Palomar also acknowledges a pre-doctoral grant for the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Resumen del trabajo presentado al Dagstuhl Seminar 2014 celebrado en Dagstuhl (Alemania) del 17 al 21 de febrero de 2014.The project was partially funded by the POSVOLDEC project (CTM2016-79617-P)(AEI/FEDER-UE). D.P. is grateful for his Beatriu de Pinos contract (2016 BP 00086).Poster presented in: Neogene to Quaternary geological evolution of Mediterranean, Parathethys and Black Sea. 14th Congress, 8-12 September 2013 Istanbul, Turkey, RCMNS (Regional Committee en Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy)This article analyses Abraham ibn Ezra’s explanations on the flood from his two commentaries on Genesis. These explanations are compared with other observations by Ibn Ezra and with the opinions of other medieval authors. Behind his explanations on the flood, we find Ibn Ezra’s opinions on the utility of astrology, on the reception of astrological knowledge by human beings, on the value of prophecy, and on the methods to avoid astral influences.Trabajo presentado en el 8o Congreso de la Asociacion Iberica de Endocrinologia Comparada (AIEC), celebrado en Madrid del 5 al 7 de septiembre de 2011.Trabajo presentado en el XXIV Congreso Iberoamericano de Catalisis, celebrado en Medellin (Colombia) del 14 al 19 de septiembre de 2014.Poster presentado al XII Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Society of Chromatography and Reated Techniques (Reunion Cientifica de la Sociedad Espanola de Cromatografia y Tecnicas Afines) celebrada en Tarragona del 14 al 16 de noviembre de 2012.A. Estrada has a postdoctoral contract jointly financed by the European Social Fund and by the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), in the framework of the Operational Programme FSE 2007-2013. This work was partially financed by the project CGL2009-11316 (I+D project, Subprogramme BOS) funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain) and FEDER.Poster presentado en el congreso European Geosciences Union General Assembly, celebrado en Viena, Austria, del 27 de abril al 2 de mayo de 2014Presentada en el Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Tecnologias del Medio Ambiente de la Universidad de Zaragoza, para optar al grado de Doctor en Ingenieria Quimica, 03-01-2011El yacimiento de El Calvari (El Molar, Tarragona), fechado entre finales de la Edad del Bronce y la I Edad del Hierro, ha proporcionado diversos objetos de base cobre y algun resto de fundicion. El yacimiento se localiza junto a las minas de galena (no argentifera) y de cobre dentro del distrito Molar-Bellmunt-Falset (MBF). Los analisis de isotopos de plomo de materiales relacionados con la metalurgia del plomo senalan su explotacion en este periodo. Sin embargo, ninguno de los objetos de base cobre (ni del poblado ni de la necropolis) se puede relacionar con el aprovechamiento de minerales locales. La mayor parte del metal se identifica con una procedencia del area minera de Linares, y en menor medida con minas en la provincia de Almeria. En el articulo se discuten los argumentos a favor de un comercio de metal, ya sea de lingotes o de objetos acabados, vinculado a la actividad comercial fenicia en el noreste de la Peninsula Iberica.Trabajo presentado a la 19th International Conference on Solid State Ionics celebrada en Kyoto (Japon) del 2 al 7 de Junio de 2013.Un reciente artículo de El País “La brecha escolar que divide España” (8-12-2013) analiza las posibles causas de las disparidades regionales en educación, a propósito del Informe PISA, que se realiza a adolescentes. Se argumentan razones socioeconómicas para explicar los peores resultados en las regiones más pobres. Otras explicaciones añaden el efecto del nivel cultural. Finalmente se señalan razones familiares (demográficas) y la importancia que las familias den a la educación como clave para explicar la brecha escolar.International Ocean Vector Wind Science Team Meeting (2014 IOVWST), 2-4 June 2014, Brest, France.-- 1 page, 5 figures.-- The ECMWF data were retrieved from the ECMWF MARS archive. The TMI data are available from the Web site of Remote Sensing Systems (http://www.ssmi.com/)En este articulo se tratan las fuentes que aparecen en la Fila?a farisiyya, obra de Casiano Baso Escolastico, de la que hasta el momento no existe ninguna edicion arabe. Para ello, se ha partido de dos manuscritos: el numero 540 de la Bibliotheca Universitatis Leidensis y el Selden Superius 21 de la Bodleian Library. De ambos se analiza brevemente su contenido y, tras el estudio pormenorizado de los diferentes autores, se aborda la transmision de esta obra agronomica al mundo andalusi, principalmente a traves de la figura del geopono Ibn al-�Awwam. Finalmente, y a modo de conclusion, se destacan una serie de cuestiones relativas al citado estudio y se plantean algunos aspectos problematicos conectados con dichas fuentes de informacion.Partial support by the Spanish MICINN (projects eAEGIS TSI2007-65406-C03-02, ARES - CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 CSD2007-00004, and N-KHRONOUS TIN2010-15764) is also acknowledgedTrabajo presentado al XI Congreso Nacional de Materiales celebrado en Zaragoza del 23 al 25 de junio de 2010.Trabajo presentado en la XXIV Semana de estudios Romanos, realizada entre el 6 y el 8 de septiembre del 2010.Resumen del trabajo presentado a la XI Reunion del Grupo de Microbiologia Molecular, celebrada en Sevilla del 6 al 8 de septiembre de 2016.Este articulo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto I+D titulado «Retorica y cultura en la informacion periodistica sobre salud» (HUM2007-65132), cofinanciado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Espana) y los fondos FEDER.This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) (Project Smart-QC GL2008-05267-C03-03), the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) (Project A/030569/10), and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) (Project 201550E012). We would like to thank Francisco Perez and Angel Perez from Finca Cinegetica Dehesa Vieja (Galapagar) for providing facilities and help.The aim of this study was to determine author productivity and scientific collaboration in the Journal Ansiedad y Estres during the period 1994-2011 using social network analysis methodologies. Social network analysis is a tool increasingly used to understand the relationships between the different elements that comprise a bibliographic scientific work. In this paper researchers collaboration patterns have been studied and networks of coauthorship and collaboration have been built to identify the different research groups. Results show an increase in the number of works published by women throughout the period studied. The information collected was analyzed using Pajek and Ucinet programs and network graphics were designed with Netdraw graphics software.espanolOtra historia para otra psiquiatria. La perspectiva del paciente.- Este articulo pretende revisar, en primer lugar, algunas de las tendencias historiograficas que han configurado una historia “critica” de la psiquiatria a partir de los anos sesenta del siglo XX. Se muestra a continuacion, con algunos ejemplos suficientemente significativos, de que manera los metodos y los discursos se fueron afinando y actualizando hasta llegar a la propuesta de una novedosa historia cultural de la psiquiatria y de la subjetividad. Especial importancia se concede, en nuestro analisis, al “punto de vista del paciente”. Esto obliga a una labor de identificacion de fuentes escasamente trabajadas -como los escritos de los locos-, y a la incorporacion de herramientas hermeneuticas de caracteristicas interdisciplinares, entre las que destacan las procedentes de los estudios culturales y, de manera particular, de la cultura escrita. Finalmente, se ofrece una reflexion sobre el papel epistemologico que este enfoque historiografico puede tener en la construccion de nuevas formas de entender la salud mental, como la representada por la llamada post-psiquiatria EnglishThis article aims to summarise, in the first instance, some of the historiographical trends which have built a “critical” history of psychiatry from the 1960s onwards. Thereafter, it will demonstrate, with suitably significant examples, how methods and discourses were being refined and updated, before reaching a proposal for a new cultural history of psychiatry and subjectivity. In our analysis, special emphasis is placed on the “patient’s view”. This renders necessary the task of identifying little consulted sources, such as the writings of the mad, and the incorporation of interdisciplinary hermeneutic tools, including, most notably, those taken from cultural studies and, in particular, written culture. Finally, it will offer a reflection on the epistemic role that this historiographical approach could play in the construction of new ways of understanding mental health, such as that represented by so-called post-psychiatry.Trabajo presentado al 20th International Congress of Nutrition celebrado en Granada del 15 al 20 de septiembre de 2013.-- Poster Reference Number:PO1020.-- et al.En este articulo se estudia el ideario evolucionista lamarckiano desarrollando cuatro elementos analiticos. Primero, la elaboracion de un arquetipo evolutivo fundacional. Segundo, la interpretacion de la naturaleza como un sistema material donde el cambio organico da sentido a un proceso continuo dirigido a la conservacion de la vida. Tercero, la definicion de un principio genealogico sobre el origen de las especies que identifica el metodo natural. Cuarto, la reformulacion del concepto de especie utilizando los argumentos de relatividad temporal e inestabilidad individual.First Ice, Climate, Economics - Arctic Research on Change General Assembly Meeting, 19-21 November 2014, Barcelona.-- 1 page, 9 figuresTrabajo presentado en NET-SCARCE International Conference, celebrada en Barcelona (Espana) del 15 al 16 de noviembre de 2016Trabajo presentado al III Symposium Internacional sobre Textiles y Tintes del Mediterraneo en el mundo antiguo (Napoles, 13 al 15 de noviembre, 2008).Trabajo presentado en la VI Reunion Quimica Organica del Mediterraneo (VI REQOMED) celebrado en Granada del 19 al 21 de junio de 2013.The decoupling of the current sweep with the Ohmic resistance is a very powerful tool to determine the magnitude of the voltage losses inside of a fuel cell. In a time frame of seconds, the fuel cell can be diagnosed and critical information on the state of the membrane, catalyst and diffusion layer can be assessed. The losses determined by this technique are the Ohmic, mass transport and activation. With this technique flooding and dry can be isolated and degradation studies can be made. Finally, this technique can be applied to a real system were this data can be used to improve control strategies for performance and durability when integrated in to a model based controller.Authors thank the Innovine Project (Combining innovation in vineyard management and genetic diversity for a sustainable European viticulture (Call FP7-KBBE-2012-6, Proposal No 311775-INNOVINE)), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [grant number BFU2011-26989] and Gobierno de Aragon (A03 research group) for financial support, Asociacion de Amigos de la Universidad de Navarra for PhD Thesis grant.7 paginas, 8 figuras, 2 tablas, 6 algoritmos. Comunicacion presentada en: The 2014 International Conference on Security and Management (SAM’14), Worldcomp 2014, Las Vegas (USA), 21-24 July 2014.Intercultural Justice. Legal Pluralism and the Potential of normative Hermeneutics This paper explores the possibilities of inter-normativity in culturally complex contexts and its relation to the idea of a reflexive or self-critical modernity. The paper looks at the debates on justice in contemporary political philosophy in order to show the shortfalls of a constructivist approach to the normative analysis of culture, while it simultaneously portrays the affinity of the communitarian approach to several pluralist currents in modern legal anthropology. The key to the cultural translation of the principles of justice is to be found in their social and subjective effectiveness and in the affinity among the social goods to be normatively protected. The paper refers to several experiences of legal pluralism with ethno-religious communities and native peoples, and to the demands of Islamic feminism, to demonstrate that it is possible to «read» customary practices through the lenses of state law and to defend «modern» normative intentions with traditional languages and principles.Memoria presentada por Ibone Anza Gomez para optar al grado de doctor por la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia Agroforestal y Genetica.The authors acknowledge partial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MICINN) through projects AYA2013-48623-C2-2, AYA2007-68058-C03-01, AYA2010-21766-C03-02, AYA2012-30789, and the Consolider-Ingenio project CSD2010-00064 (EPI: Exploring the Physics of Inflation). We also acknowledge the support of the Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RyC 2011 148062) awarded by the Spanish MICINN and the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (CIG 294183).XXI Plant viruses cause severe diseases that lead to serious economic losses worldwide. Moreover, simultaneous infections with several viruses are common in nature leading to exacerbation of the disease symptoms. This phenomenon is known as viral synergism. Systemic necrosis (SN) is one of the most severe symptoms caused by plant viruses in susceptible plants, even leading to death of the host. This phenotype has been compared with the hypersensitive response (HR) displayed by resistant plants, and some parallelisms have been found between both responses, which suggest that SN induced by compatible interactions could be the result of a systemic hypersensitive response (SHR). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of SN, its relationship with antiviral defence processes and its biological relevance are still unknown. Furthermore, the changes produced in plants by mixed infections that cause synergistic pathological effects have not been studied in a genome‐wide scale. In this doctoral thesis different approaches have been used to analyse gene expression, together with other genetic and biochemical techniques, in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana, in order to study the SN produced by the synergistic infection of Potato virus X (PVX) with several potyviruses. Genomic and physiological changes produced in the host by double infection with PVX and Potato virus Y (PVY), and by single infection with PVX or PVY have been compared. In addition, transcriptional and hormonal changes associated with infection by the chimeric virus PVX/HC‐Pro, which produces synergistic symptoms similar to those caused by PVX‐potyvirus, have been compared with those produced by other types of cell death. These types of cell death are: PCD associated with an incompatible interaction, and PCD produced by proteasome disruption. Finally, reverse genetic techniques have revealed the involvement of host factors, such as oxylipins, in the development of SN associated with PVX‐potyvirusEl verderon serrano (Serinus citrinella) es una especie paleartica endemica que cria en zonas montanosas subalpinas de la Europa occidental templada. Esta especie parece que esta sufriendo un gran declive en su area de distribucion septentrional, principalmente en la Selva Negra y en el NE de los Alpes. Se han propuesto muchas razones para dicha disminucion, pero todas ellas estaban relacionadas con los habitats de cria. Dado que esta especie lleva a cabo una migracion altitudinal, y que durante el invierno puede utilizar habitats muy distintos, se precisaria un buen conocimiento de los patrones de distribucion y de los habitats utilizados fuera del periodo reproductor, para poder establecer unas directrices de conservacion y gestion adecuadas. Sin embargo, esta informacion es muy escasa. El proposito de este estudio es determinar el habitat comun utilizado por los verderones serranos en en nordeste de Espana durante el invierno, para analizar la idoneidad del habitat, y estudiar los movimientos, investigando el origen de la aves que invernan en Cataluna. La distribucion se modelizo utilizando el analisis discriminante y la modelizacion de entropia maxima con los datos registrados desde 1972 al 2009 sobre la presencia de esta especie durante el invierno en Cataluna. Los resultados evidenciaron que la presencia de bosques abiertos mixtos de pino negral (Pinus nigra subsp. salzmanii) y pino silvestre o albar (Pinus sylvestris), con numerosas tierras de cultivo y plantas arvenses, en areas submediterraneas tipicas en las que las temperaturas templadas de finales de invierno (dias soleados) facilitan la apertura de las pinas, fueron las variables ecologicas y bioclimaticas claves responsables de la distribucion del verderon serrano en invierno (valores AUC o area bajo la curva: datos de entrenamiento AUC = 0,955; datos del test AUC = 0,953). Analizamos las recuperaciones (N = 238) de 2.368 aves anilladas en las areas de invernada y 12.648 aves anilladas en localizaciones subalpinas en los Pirineos adyacentes, desde 1977 al 2004. Los resultados de los datos de recuperacion de anillas muestran que en el area de estudio se capturaron aves procedentes de muy diversas localizaciones dentro del area de distribucion de la especie estudiada, incluyendo aves transpirenaicas procedentes de los Alpes. Ello enfatiza la gran movilidad de las poblaciones del verderon serrano hasta alcanzar las areas de invernada. Desde el punto de vista de la conservacion, la gran importancia de los pinos (principalmente del negral) para la distribucion invernal de esta especie pone de manifiesto que cualquier amenaza para los pinos, especialmente los incendios forestales, tendra grandes efectos adversos sobre las poblaciones del verderon serrano. Palabras clave: Verderon serrano, Invernada, Seleccion del habitat, Idoneidad del habitat, Desplazamientos, Conservacion, Pino negral, Pino silvestre, Pino albar.18th International Laser Physics Workshop, Barcelona, Spain, July, 13-17, 2009; http://www.lasphys.comTrabajo presentado en el XV International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding, celebrado en Molde (Noruega) del 4 al 7 de junio de 2012.The idea of temporality and how this concept is introduced in the ritual domain could be investigated in past cultures through measurements of the orientation of cultic buildings, provided that such orientations are linked with particular astronomical events. Hellenic societies, among those of the Mediterranean Iron Age, had a need to regulate time through a calendar. The orientation of Hellenic temples in present day Greece and the South of Italy have recently been shown to be somewhat dissimilar, despite the obvious cultural links. In the present paper we verify if the samples of orientations of Hellenic temples in five distinct geographic areas are consistent with each other from a statistical point of view. Then we compute the internal variability among these groups by comparing them with other samples of temples across the Mediterranean, both for the Iron and Bronze ages, in order also to find possible long duration effects on the orientation of temples. Despite apparent discrepancies when directly comparing the Hellenic samples, a clear similarity among these groups of temples appear when we compare them with temples from other societies. Such comparison links closer the temples in Greece with those in Lycia and perhaps Cyrene, and the ones in Sicily with those of Magna Graecia. As a by-product, we find other possible concordances among sacred building orientations across the Mediterranean that may deserve further exploration in the future.Trabajo presentado como poster a la Annual World Conference on Carbon celebrada en Rio de Janeiro (Brasil) del 14 al 19 de julio de 2013.Master Universitario en Investigacion Basica y Aplicada en Recursos Cinegeticos. Trabajo Fin de Master.El Estudio Longitudinal “Envejecer en España” (ELES) pretende el seguimiento, durante 20 años, de españoles nacidos antes de 1960 para analizar su proceso de envejecimiento a través de la recogida de información periódica. Para averiguar la factibilidad de esta propuesta, se decidió realizar un estudio piloto de grandes dimensiones en 2011, en el que se recogió información por medio de cuestionarios de 1.747 personas de todo el territorio nacional. También se realizaron medidas objetivas del cuerpo y de la función física y cognitiva y extracción de sangre. La mayoría de las variables están puestas a disposición de la comunidad investigadora de forma gratuita en la página del proyecto (www.proyectoeles.es). Esperamos obtener datos de seguimiento en 2015.3 Pags. Contribucion de los autores originalmente presentada, como comunicacion,en el XIII Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Horticolas (SECH 2012): “Convergencia de las Tecnologias Hortofruticolas” (Almeria, abril 2012)Aquest treball presenta els resultats de l’estudi arqueometric portat a terme en mostres de mosaics romans procedents d’Italica i Carmona (Sevilla). L’objectiu principal de l’estudi va consistir en la caracteritzacio quimico-fisica de tessel. les de vidre i fragments de morter per a determinar la seva composicio, avaluar el seu estat de conservacio i estudiar la seva tecnologia de fabricacio. Les mostres es varen caracteritzar mitjancant lupa binocular, microscopia electronica de rastreig i microanalisi de dispersio d’energia de raigs X, espectrofotometria visible, difraccio de raigs X i analisi petrografic. Els resultats varen indicar que les tessel. les es realitzaren amb vidre de silicat sodic calcic, tot i que una d’elles va mostrar elevats continguts d’oxids de plom i coure. Les mostres procedents d’Italica presentaren una menor degradacio que les de Carmona, com a consequencia de la humitat retinguda per el mosaic. Aixi mateix, els resultats varen indicar que en les tessel. les es va fer servir un vidre d’inferior qualitat tecnica que l’emprat en peces de vaixella.3 paginas, 2 tablas.--Trabajo presentado a las XVI Jornadas sobre Produccion Animal AIDA (Zaragoza, 19 al 20 de mayo, 2015).Poster presentado al International Congress of Chemical Engineering celebrado en Sevilla del 24 al 27 de junio de 2012.Poster presentado en el 9o Congreso Iberico y 6o Iberoamericano de Contaminacion y Toxicologia Ambiental, celebrado en Valencia, Espana del 1 al 4 de julio de 2013This study focuses on the relationship between CO2 production and the ultimate hatchability of the incubation. A total amount of 43316 eggs of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) were supervised during five actual incubations: three in 2012 and two in 2013. The CO2 concentration inside the incubator was monitored over a 20-day period, showing sigmoidal growth from ambient level (428 ppm) up to 1700 ppm in the incubation with the highest hatchability. Two sigmoid growth models (logistic and Gompertz) were used to describe the CO2 production by the eggs, with the result that the logistic model was a slightly better fit (r2=0.976 compared to r2=0.9746 for Gompertz). A coefficient of determination of 0.997 between the final CO2 estimation (ppm) using the logistic model and hatchability (%) was found.En este trabajo se analiza el modelo de una pila de combustible tipo PEM de catodo abierto. Se caracterizan sus puntos de equilibrio. Se analiza el plano de fase del modelo alrededor de diferentes puntos de operacion y se plantea una linearizacion del comportamiento del sistema. Finalmente se plantea un diseno basado en control robusto. Este diseno se valida con el modelo completo.236 paginas.-- 61 figuras.-- 22 tablas.-- sobre 134 referencias.-- Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad de SevillaComunicacion presentada en el Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Wood, Fibre and Pulping Chemistry, 09 - 11 September 2015 / Austria, ViennaBased on papers presented at the First International Conference on Composites and Nanocomposites (ICNC 2011), Jan. 7, 8, and 9, at Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por los proyectos de investigacion HAR2008-06477-C03-03/HIST y HAR2008-09120/HIST (Plan Nacional de I + D + i, Espana), y ERC-230561 (European Commission).8 paginas.-- 1 tabla.-- 46 referencias.-- Comunicacion oral presentada en el Working Group: Integrated Protection in Oak Forests. Proceedings of the Meeting at Cordoba (Spain), 23 - 27 October, 2016ICOS es una molecula coestimuladora expresada en linfocitos T activados; comparte con CD28 un motivo citoplasmico (YxxM), importante en la senalizacion celular por ser potencialmente capaz de asociar las subunidades reguladoras de PI3-cinasa. Puesto que hay una diversidad de subunidades cataliticas en las PI3-cinasas de clase IA (α, β, δ), con importantes diferencias en su expresion y –posiblemente- en sus funciones, hemos analizado la asociacion de las distintas subunidades de PI3-cinasa a ICOS. En este trabajo se analizaron por ensayos de “pull-down” aquellas proteinas de lisado de celulas SR.D10, linfocitos T CD4+ y linfoblastos capaces de unirse a peptidos de ICOS fosforilados en el residuo de tirosina (ICOSpTir) y a inmunoprecipitados de ICOS. Los peptidos ICOSpTir asocian las subunidades reguladoras de PI3-cinasa (p85α, p85β, p50-55α) y las subunidades cataliticas (p110α, p110βy p110δ). Por ensayos de “inmunoblot” se encontro una asociacion preferencial de la subunidad catalitica p110αa peptidos ICOSpTir pero tambien a inmunoprecipitados de ICOS. Ademas, al inmunoprecipitar PI3-cinasa con anticuerpos frente a la subunidad reguladora se observo una union preferencial de la subunidad p110αa la subunidad reguladora, explicando la asociacion preferencial de esta subunidad a ICOS. Como se ha postulado una importancia funcional preferente de la subunidad catalitica p110δen la activacion de linfocitos T, se han analizado las funciones de ambas subunidades p110αy p110δen la coestimulacion por ICOS. Al estudiar la fosforilacion de Akt y la produccion de citocinas inducida por anti-CD3 y anti-ICOS en diferentes tipos celulares observamos una diferente sensibilidad de los residuos Ser473 y Tre308 de Akt al utilizar inhibidores dirigidos a diferentes subunidades cataliticas p110, confirmando la importancia de estas subunidades en la activacion de Akt. Asi, en celulas SR.D10 la activacion temprana de Akt (Ser473), fue bloqueada parcialmente al inhibir las subunidades cataliticas p110αy p110δde PI3-cinasa con siARN o con inhibidores farmacologicos; en blastos de linfocitos T CD4+, la fosforilacion en la Treonina 308 de Akt fue inhibida eficientemente por inhibidores de p110α(A66), p110(IC87114), o de todas las isoformas (LY294002), mientras que la fosforilacion en la Serina 473 fue inhibida parcialmente por el inhibidor de p110α(A66), y totalmente por el de p110δ, o por LY294002. Estos resultados confirman la importancia de estas subunidades en la activacion de Akt. En cuanto a la secrecion de citocinas encontramos que la produccion de IL-4 e IL-10 es dependiente de la via PI3-cinasa/Akt en celulas SR.D10, ya que el inhibidor general de PI3-cinasa (LY294002) y de las subunidades cataliticas p110αy p110δinhiben la secrecion de estas citocinas En blastos no se observo un efecto significativo sobre la produccion de IL-4 o IL-10, pero si sobre la produccion de IFN-γ con concentraciones mas bajas de los dos inhibidores de p110α La asociacion preferente de las subunidades cataliticas p110αa las subunidades reguladoras de PI3-cinasa no es especifica de la region citoplasmatica de ICOS, tambien pudimos observarla asociada a un peptido de CD28 fosforilado en su motivo YxxM. Al analizar el papel de p110αen la coestimulacion por CD28 encontramos que, a concentraciones de 1-0,1 μM, el inhibidor de p110α(PIK-75) inhibia completamente la proliferacion a tres dias y la produccion de citocinas como IL-2 o IFN-γ. Sin embargo, observamos que esta inhibicion estaba acompanada por una fuerte perdida de viabilidad en las celulas a partir de las 24 horas de cultivo. El uso de inhibidores y el silenciamiento de la subunidad catalitica p110α confirmaron la importancia de esta subunidad en la supervivencia de linfocitos T. Ademas, la muerte celular inducida por PIK-75 es dependiente de caspasas en linfocitos T CD4+ pero no en la linea celular SR.D10. Tambien demostramos que la ligacion de ICOS induce elongacion celular y granulos densos o puntos de actina polimerizada que se encuentran muy cerca de la superficie de contacto celulacristal; estos cambios morfologicos son dependientes de PI3-cinasa, en especial de la subunidad catalitica p110α. Los cambios en el citoesqueleto de actina inducidos por ICOS son dependientes de Vav, de las GTPasas Rac-1 y Cdc42, y de la cinasa de la cadena ligera de miosina (MLCK), pero independientes de la via de Akt o de ROCK. ICOS incrementa el agrupamiento de balsas lipidicas inducida por anticuerpo anti-CD3 en el sitio de contacto con el estimulo. Sin embargo, ICOS, es indetectable en las balsas de membrana, incluso empleando ligandos (CD3 o ICOS) capaces de inducir cambios claros en el citoesqueleto de actina. En conjunto, en este trabajo resaltamos la importancia de PI3-cinasa de clase IA en la coestimulacion de ICOS; no solo confirmamos la importante funcion de la subunidad catalitica p110δ, sino que tambien atribuimos un papel dominante a la subunidad catalitica p110α, que la convierte en una nueva diana potencial en la terapeutica inmunomoduladora. La investigacion adicional de los modelos de raton seguira aportando pistas sobre los posibles beneficios y retos de una terapia dirigida a p110αde PI3-cinasa.Tesis Doctoral presentada por Jose Angel Barasona Garcia-Arevalo, licenciado en veterinaria, para optar al grado de Doctor con Mencion Internacional.Nuestro agradecimiento al equipo de gestion del Proyecto RECUPERA 2020, dirigido por Ana Guerreo y Angel Caballero; a Miguel Ferrer, Coordinador Institucional del CSIC en Andalucia, por el apoyo que ha prestado en todo momento al Proyecto y a las actividades del Hito 1.3.2; a los propietarios de Internacional Olivarera S.A., por su apoyo, desde 2010, a la realizacion de trabajos del Grupo REC en la finca Sanabria. A la Junta de Andalucia y al MINECO por la financiacion de 105 proyectos de riego llevados a cabo por el Grupo REC (Ref. AGR-6456 y AGL2012-34544), de 105 que se ha obtenido informacion para el desarrollo del Hito 1.3.2. Este es un proyecto derivado del convenio firmado entre MINECO y CSIC para la realizacion del proyecto RECUPERA 2020, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER.En un reciente estudio se pone de manifiesto que un nivel mas alto de educacion amplifica significativamente la asociacion inversa existente entre renta y discapacidad en los mayores. Esta asociacion, ya conocida ampliamente, senala que las personas con mas ingresos tienen menos discapacidad (por eso la llamamos inversa), pero si ademas tienen un nivel educativo alto esa asociacion inversa se amplifica.This study was funded by grant CGL2010-21933-C02-01 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion).Esta tesis doctoral se ha enfocado al estudio del proceso de senalizacion del factor transcripcional SltA del organismo modelo Aspergillus nidulans, que media la respuesta a estres por determinados cationes y la alcalinizacion del medio. Para ello se han abordado tres objetivos principales, el analisis de su mecanismo de activacion y regulacion, la caracterizacion de la proteina senalizadora SltB y la relacion funcional entre ambas.SltA pertenece a la clase de factores de transcripcion con dedos de zinc como dominio de union a DNA. Su distribucion filogenetica esta restringida a los genomas de hongos filamentosos. En A. nidulans la respuesta a pH ambiental esta regulada ademas por los factores de transcripcion PacC y CrzA, tambien con dedos de zinc. En S. cerevisiae Crz1p esta involucrado en la regulacion de los cationes intracelulares, pero en A. nidulans esta funcion se reparte entre SltA y CrzA. SltA debe ser activado mediante proteolisis generandose en la celula al menos dos formas funcionales y la proteina SltB es determinante en este proceso.Mediante diversas estrategias de genetica clasica y biologia molecular se han generado formas mutantes etiquetadas de SltA y SltB para investigar la base molecular del mecanismo de activacion y en la regulacion postraduccional por proteolisis de ambas proteinas. La forma primaria de traduccion del factor transcripcional SltA se ha denominado SltA78kDa. La forma truncada se denomina SltA32kDa y esta en equilibrio con una forma modificada por fosforilacion de la misma. La proteina senalizadora SltB esta divida en dos dominios cuya funcion ha sido definida in silico y mediante analisis genetico clasico, un dominio pseudoquinasa y un dominio proteasa. El dominio pseudoquinasa es esencial para que se produzca la proteolisis de SltA, pero no esta implicado en su fosforilacion. El dominio proteasa se ha clasificado como una endoproteasa del tipo serina, y es responsable de la auto-proteolisis de la propia proteina SltB, requisito previo para que se produzca el corte proteolitico de SltA.Finalmente, estudios de expresion de los genes sltA y sltB han permitido asignar una funcion positiva de SltA sobre la expresion de SltB, lo que demuestra que la forma nativa SltA78kDa es funcional.Esta tesis doctoral supone el comienzo del estudio de un nuevo sistema de regulacion por pH alcalino y determinados cationes en A. nidulans.Palabras clave: Aspergillus nidulans, factor transcripcional, estres abiotico, proteolisisTrabajo de investigacion presentado por la Licenciada Maria Paloma Celada Rodriguez para optar al grado de Doctor en Farmacia por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y que ha sido realizado en el Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion (ICTAN) del CSIC.Trabajo presentado en el XXIV Congreso Iberoamericano de Catalisis, celebrado en Medellin (Colombia) del 14 al 19 de septiembre de 2014.2 paginas.-Trabajo presentado en el VIII Congreso de Mejora genetica de plantas, celebrado en Vitoria-Gasteiz entre el 12 y el 14 de julio de 2016.