Adil Kilic

The protective effect of selenium in cisplatin-related retinotoxicity

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the retinal toxicity of cisplatin and neuroprotective effect of selenium in cisplatin-related retinal toxicity. Methods: Eighteen adult Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 6) received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 2.5 ml physiologic saline for three days, group 2 (n = 6) received i.p. 16 mg/kg cisplatin for three days and group 3 (n = 6) received i.p. 16 mg/kg cisplatin for three days and 1.5 mg/kg twice daily selenium via gavage five days prior to cisplatin injection and for three days concomitantly with cisplatin injections. The total retinal thickness, outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses were measured in hematoxylin/eosin and apoptotic index (AI) of ganglion cell layer (GCL) and INL was evaluated in TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)-stained retina sections. Results: Selenium statistically succeeded to reduce total retinal thickness in cisplatin-toxicated retinas: from 210.17 ± 23.40 to 173.55 ± 20.43, ONL: 49.79 ± 5.32 to 41.87 ± 6.30, INL: 33.72 ± 7.93 to 25.06 ± 5.73 and IPL: 53.61 ± 8.63 to 45.61 ± 6.92 µm in hematoxylin/eosin-stained retina sections. The AI was also reduced in INL (30.10 ± 12.02 to 19.48 ± 12.99) and in GCL (37.59 ± 17.70 to 33.15 ± 13.78). However, statistical significance was present in only AI values of INL. Conclusions: Selenium limited edema due to the toxicity and reduced the retinal thickness and showed neuroprotection in cisplatin-induced retinotoxicity.

The prevalence of 4G/5G polymorphism of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene in central serous chorioretinopathy and its association with plasma PAI-1 levels.

Abstract Context: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a poorly understood disease and the choroidal circulation abnormality induced by the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) seems to be associated with the pathogenesis. There are many reports indicating that 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene is a risk factor for several diseases related to the elevated serum levels of PAI-1. Objective: To evaluate the 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene and its association with serum levels of PAI-1 in acute CSCR patients. Materials and methods: Sixty CSCR patients and 50 healthy control patients were included. The PAI-1 4G/5G was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction technique. Serum PAI-1 level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic data consisting of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) as well as genotype disturbances and serum PAI-1 levels were compared between the groups. Statistical significance for differences in the serum PAI-1 levels of each group with different genotypes was also analyzed. Results: The CSCR group consisted of 40 male (66.7%) and 20 female (33.3%) patients with a mean age of 46.7 ± 8.39 years. The control group consisted of 32 male (64%) and 18 female (36%) healthy subjects with a mean age of 45.8 ± 8.39 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, sex and BMI. In the CSCR group the genotype frequencies were 4G/4G: 30% (n = 18), 4G/5G: 50% (n = 30), 5G/5G: 20% (n = 12) and in the control group genotype frequencies were 34% (n = 17), 42% (n = 21) and 24% (n = 12), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of genotypes among the groups (chi-squared, p = 0.70). The CSCR group had a significantly higher serum PAI-1 concentration than the control group (p = 0.001). In both groups the mean plasma PAI-1 concentration did not vary significantly among the different genotypes (p > 0.05). Discussion and conclusion: Although our results demonstrated that the patients with acute CSCR have higher serum PAI-1 concentrations than the controls, no significant difference was found in the genotype disturbances of the PAI-1 gene between the groups. The current study indicates that 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter of the PAI-1 gene cannot be considered a risk factor for the elevated serum PAI-1 levels and consequent development of CSCR.

MRI-Induced Migration of Retained Metallic Foreign Body in the Eye

A 50-year-old man presented to the out-patient clinic because of a sudden pain in his left eye just after lumbal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was started. Biomicroscopic examination of the left eye revealed the inferior anterior chamber angle including a foreign body and the superior anterior chamber angle including the iris portion, into which the foreign body had been stuck prior to the MRI examination. His history revealed an accidental penetrating eye trauma of the shotgun pellet of 28 years ago. The foreign body was easily removed using a forceps intraoperatively. The foreign body was defined as a metallic foreign body postoperatively.

Conjunctival myxoma: a clinicopathologic report.

A conjunctival myxoma was identified in a specimen obtained from a 45-year-old woman via excisional biopsy. The patient presented with a slowly growing painless epibulbar mass. The paucicellular tumor included stellate and spindle-shaped cells, mast cells, and dilated lymphatic channels embedded in a loose collagenous matrix. The differential diagnosis of conjunctival myxoma should include tumors that have myxoid patterns and richly myxoid malignant neoplasms.

Selenium Protects Retinal Cells from Cisplatin-Induced Alterations in Carbohydrate Residues.

BACKGROUND Investigate alterations in the expression and localization of carbohydrate units in rat retinal cells exposed to cisplatin toxicity. AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate putative protective effects of selenium on retinal cells subjected to cisplatin. STUDY DESIGN Animal experiment. METHODS Eighteen healthy Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups: 1. Control, 2. Cisplatin and 3. Cisplatin+selenium groups. After anesthesia, the right eye of each rat was enucleated. RESULTS Histochemically, retinal cells of control groups reacted with α-2,3-bound sialic acid-specific Maackia amurensis lectin (MAA) strongly, while cisplatin reduced the staining intensity for MAA. However, selenium administration alleviated the reducing effect of cisplatin on the binding sites for MAA in retinal cells. The staining intensity for N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc residues) specific Griffonia simplicifolia-1 (GSL-1) was relatively slight in control animals and cisplatin reduced this slight staining for GSL-1 further. Selenium administration mitigated the reducing effect of cisplatin on the binding sites for GSL-1. A diffuse staining for N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) specific wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was observed throughout the retina of the control animals. In particular, cells localized in the inner plexiform and photoreceptor layers are reacted strongly with WGA. Compared to the control animals, binding sites for WGA in the retina of rats given cisplatin were remarkably decreased. However, the retinal cells of rats given selenium reacted strongly with WGA. CONCLUSION Cisplatin reduces α-2,3-bound sialic acid, GlcNAc and GalNAc residues in certain retinal cells. However, selenium alleviates the reducing effect of cisplatin on carbohydrate residues in retinal cells.

Ocular biometry and central corneal thickness in children: a hospital-based study

PURPOSE To investigate the distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, and central corneal thickness in children at different age groups. METHODS We studied 364 eyes in 182 children with ages between 1 and 12 years. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth were measured by ultrasound biometry. Central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry in all children. RESULTS The mean age was 6.54 ・} 3.42 years. The axial length was 20.95 mm in 1-2 years old and 22.95 mm in 11-12 years old. The central corneal thickness was 556 μm in 1-2 years old and 555 μm in 11-12 years old. The mean anterior chamber depth and vitreous chamber depth increased with age (3.06 mm to 3.44 mm in anterior chamber depth, 13.75 mm to 15.99 mm in vitreous chamber depth), and the lens thickness decreased as age increased (3.67-3.51 mm). CONCLUSION The axial length increased with age and reached adult levels by the age of 9-10 years. The lens thickness gradually decreased until 12 years. The central corneal thickness measurements did not yield a linear algorithm.

Comparing biometry in normal eyes of children with unilateral cataract/corneal disease to age-matched controls

OBJECTIVE To compare ocular biometry and central corneal thickness of unaffected healthy eyes of pediatric patients with monocular cataracts/corneal opacities and age- matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 329 eyes of 329 children who were between 1 and 12 years old. The study group (n: 164) consisted of healthy fellow eyes of children operated for unilateral congenital/traumatic cataract and corneal laceration. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, and central corneal thickness were measured by ultrasound biometry/ pachymetry. RESULTS Axial length was 22.16 mm in the study group and 21.99 mm in the control group. Anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth results were 3.35; 3.64 and 15.20 in the treatment group and 3.20; 3.63, and 15.15 mm in the control group, respectively. The axial length and all the components, i.e. anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth are higher in the unaffected healthy eyes of the pediatric patients than that of the control group but only the difference in the anterior chamber depth was statistically significant. The central corneal thickness was 548 microns and 559 microns in the study and the control groups, respectively, and the difference was found to be significant. CONCLUSION Greater anterior chamber depth was chiefly responsible for the overall increase in the axial length in the study group. The central corneal thickness was significantly thinner in the study group than that of the control group. Keywords Ocular biometry; central corneal thickness; anterior chamber depth; lens thickness; vitreous chamber depth.

Persistant Pupillary Membrane Surgery.

A 21-year-old woman presented with bilateral poor visual acuity due to the bilateral remnants of pupillary membrane in June 2007. The patient underwent excisional removal of pupillary membrane remnant in both the eyes, 1 week apart. Postoperatively, the pupillary area was completely free of any membrane remnant, no complication was observed. Visual acuities were 0.6 right eye and 0.4 left eye.

Annular Silicon Tube Intubation With Pigtail Probe In Canalicular Injuries

In this study; we analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram negative bacteria isolated from urine cultures in the Microbiology Laboratory of Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital from January 2006 to December 2006; retrospectively. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were the most frequently isolated bacteria from both outpatients and hospitalized patients. The most effective antibiotics to these bacteria were carbapenems. These results were suggested to be useful for empirical treatment of urinary system infections in our hospital. Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Gram negative bacteria, Antibiotic resistanceA 12-year old girl was admitted to our clinic because of fever, headache, diarrhea and weakness for 10 days. Dyspne, tachycardia, hypotension, fever and letargy were determined in physical examination. The levels of urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase were found to be increased. In echocardiography, myocardial dysfunction and low systolic functions were detected. Blood culture was positive for S.typhi. We report multiple organ involvement in a patient with typhoid fever and review the literature.