Adrian Friday

Developing a context-aware electronic tourist guide: some issues and experiences

In this paper, we describe our experiences of developing and evaluating GUIDE, an intelligent electronic tourist guide. The GUIDE system has been built to overcome many of the limitations of the traditional information and navigation tools available to city visitors. For example, group-based tours are inherently inflexible with fixed starting times and fixed durations and (like most guidebooks) are constrained by the need to satisfy the interests of the majority rather than the specific interests of individuals. Following a period of requirements capture, involving experts in the field of tourism, we developed and installed a system for use by visitors to Lancaster. The system combines mobile computing technologies with a wireless infrastructure to present city visitors with information tailored to both their personal and environmental contexts. In this paper we present an evaluation of GUIDE, focusing on the quality of the visitors experience when using the system.

Experiences of developing and deploying a context-aware tourist guide: the GUIDE project

The GUIDE system has been developed to provide city visitors with a hand-held context-aware tourist guide. The system has been successfully deployed in a major tourist destination and is currently at the stage where it is publicly available to visitors who wish to explore the city. Reaching this stage has been the culmination of a number of distinct research efforts. In more detail, the development of GUIDE has involved: capturing a real set of application requirements, investigating the properties of a cell-based wireless communications technology in a built-up environment and deploying a network based on this technology around the city, designing and populating an information model to represent attractions and key buildings within the city, prototyping the development of a distributed application running across portable GUIDE units and stationary cell-servers and finally, evaluating the entire system during an extensive field-trial study. This paper reports on our results in each of these areas. We believe that through our work on the GUIDE project we have produced a blueprint for the development of interactive context-aware systems that should be of real value to those in the community who wish to develop such systems in a practical environment.

Exploiting space and location as a design framework for interactive mobile systems

This article considers the importance of context in mobile systems. It considers a range of context-related issues and focus on location as a key issue for mobile systems. A design framework is described consisting of taxonomies of location, mobility, population, and device awareness. The design framework inorms the construction of a semantic model of space for mobile systems. The semantic model is reflected in a computational model built on a distriuted platform that allows contextual information to be shared across a number of mobile devices. The framework support the design of interactive mobile systems while the platform supports their rapid development.

Preserving privacy in environments with location-based applications

The increase in location-based applications makes protecting personal location information a major challenge. Addressing this challenge requires a mechanism that lets users automate control of their location information, thereby minimizing the extent to which the system intrudes on their lives.

Context Acquisition Based on Load Sensing

Load sensing is a mature and robust technology widely applied in process control. In this paper we consider the use of load sensing in everyday environments as an approach to acquisition of contextual information in ubiquitous computing applications. Since weight is an intrinsic property of all physical objects, load sensing is an intriguing concept on the physical-virtual boundary, enabling the inclusive use of arbitrary objects in ubiquitous applications. In this paper we aim to demonstrate that load sensing is a versatile source of contextual information. Using a series of illustrative experiments we show that using load sensing techniques we can obtain not just weight information, but object position and interaction events on a given surface. We describe the incorporation of load-sensing in the furniture and the floor of a living laboratory environment, and report on a number of applications that use context information derived from load sensing.

L 2 imbo: a distributed systems platform for mobile computing

Mobile computing environments increasingly consist of a range of supporting technologies offering a diverse set of capabilities to applications and end-systems. Such environments are characterised by sudden and dramatic changes in the quality-of-service (QoS) available to applications and users. Recent work has shown that distributed systems platforms can assist applications to take advantage of these changes in QoS and, more specifically, facilitate applications to adapt to their environment. However, the current state-of-the-art in these platforms reflects their fixed network origins through their choice of synchronous connection-oriented communications paradigms. In this paper we argue that these paradigms are not well suited to operation in the emerging mobile environments. Furthermore, we offer an alternative programming paradigm based on tuple spaces which, we believe, offers a number of benefits within a mobile context. The paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a new platform based on this paradigm.

An Architecture for the Effective Support of Adaptive Context-Aware Applications

Mobile applications are required to operate in environments characterised by change. More specifically, the availability of resources and services may change significantly during a typical period of system operation. As a consequence, adaptive mobile applications need to be capable of adapting to these changes to ensure they offer the best possible level of service to the user. Our experiences of developing and evaluating adaptive context-aware applications in mobile environments has led us to believe that existing architectures fail to provide the necessary support for such applications. In this paper, we discuss the shortcomings of existing approaches and present work on our own architecture that has been designed to meet the key requirements of context-aware adaptive applications.

A context-aware middleware for applications in mobile Ad Hoc environments

Novel ubiquitous computing applications such as intelligent vehicles, smart buildings, and traffic management require special properties that traditional computing applications do not support, such as context-awareness, massive decentralisation, autonomous behaviour, adaptivity, proactivity, and innate collaboration. This paper presents a new computational model and middleware that reflect support for the required the properties. The sentient object model is proposed by the CORTEX¹ project to support the construction of ubiquitous applications. A flexible, run-time reconfigurable component-based middleware has been built to provide run-time support to engineer the sentient object programming paradigm. An application infrastructure using sentient objects to enable cooperation between autonomous and proactive vehicles has been implemented to demonstrate the appropriateness of the computational model and the validity of the middleware for pervasive mobile ad hoc computing.

Ubicomp Systems at 20: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges

This retrospective on 20 years of ubiquitous computing research identifies opportunities for leveraging utility computing and the Internet of Things to grow the ubicomp infrastructure, and discusses remaining challenges to taking ubicomp systems to where they indeed become ubiquitous.

The Role of Connectivity in Supporting Context-Sensitive Applications

This paper considers the role of network connectivity in supporting context-sensitive applications. A range of context-sensitive applications are analysed with respect to connectivity. Following this analysis a design space is constructed which enables the positioning of context-sensitive applications depending on their reliance on network connectivity and their reliance on local storage. Further consideration of the role of connectivity is achieved through a study of the GUIDE system which has been developed to provide context-sensitive information to visitors to the city of Lancaster. The current GUIDE system utilises a cell-based wireless network infrastructure to provide both location information and dynamic information to mobile GUIDE units. However, coverage throughout the city is not complete and this raises a number of design implications, including how to maintain a visitors trust in the system when outside of cell coverage.