Adriano Azaripour

A survey of clearing techniques for 3D imaging of tissues with special reference to connective tissue

For 3-dimensional (3D) imaging of a tissue, 3 methodological steps are essential and their successful application depends on specific characteristics of the type of tissue. The steps are 1° clearing of the opaque tissue to render it transparent for microscopy, 2° fluorescence labeling of the tissues and 3° 3D imaging. In the past decades, new methodologies were introduced for the clearing steps with their specific advantages and disadvantages. Most clearing techniques have been applied to the central nervous system and other organs that contain relatively low amounts of connective tissue including extracellular matrix. However, tissues that contain large amounts of extracellular matrix such as dermis in skin or gingiva are difficult to clear. The present survey lists methodologies that are available for clearing of tissues for 3D imaging. We report here that the BABB method using a mixture of benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate and iDISCO using dibenzylether (DBE) are the most successful methods for clearing connective tissue-rich gingiva and dermis of skin for 3D histochemistry and imaging of fluorescence using light-sheet microscopy.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using diode laser activated indocyanine green as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION Clinical studies have shown the usefulness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunctive in periodontal therapy. These studies did not utilize indocyanine green (ICG) as a recently introduced photosensitizer. The aim of this study was to perform a full-mouth double-blind randomized controlled clinical study to test the efficacy of adjunctive aPDT with ICG compared with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone in chronic periodontitis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients were selected for this study. All patients received SRP. Then, each patient was randomly assigned to either the test group (aPDT+SRP) or the control group (SRP). aPDT was performed with a diode laser (wavelength: 810nm, power: 200mW) and ICG as photosensitizer. The adjunctive procedure was repeated after 7, 17 and 27 days. The clinical parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), full mouth plaque score (FMPS) and full mouth bleeding score (FMBS) were measured at baseline and after 1 and 3 months. RESULTS There were no significant differences between two groups at baseline. BOP, PPD and FMBS showed significant improvements in the test group (P≤0.001). In terms of PI, FMPS and CAL, no significant differences were observed between both groups (P≥0.05). CONCLUSION aPDT as an adjunctive approach yielded complete resolution of inflammation and significant reduction in periodontal pocket depth. However, aPDT had no additional advantages in clinical attachment gain and plaque score.

A prospective clinical trial on the influence of a triamcinolone/demeclocycline and a calcium hydroxide based temporary cement on pain perception

IntroductionThe aim of this clinical trial was to compare the degree of short term post-operative irritation after application of a triamcinolone/demeclocycyline based or a calcium hydroxide based provisional cement.MethodsA total of 109 patients (55 female and 54 male; mean age: 51 ± 14 years) with primary or secondary dentinal caries were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups of this biomedical clinical trial (phase III). Selection criteria were good systemic health and treated teeth, which were vital and showed no symptoms of pulpitis. Up to three teeth were prepared for indirect metallic restorations, and the provisional restorations were cemented with a triamcinolone/demeclocycyline (Ledermix) or a calcium hydroxide (Provicol) based material. The intensity of post-operative pain experienced was documented according to the VAS (4, 12, 20, 24, and 82 h) and compared to VAS baseline.ResultsA total of 159 teeth were treated (Ledermix: 83 teeth, Provicol: 76 teeth). The minor irritation of the teeth, experienced prior to treatment, was similar in both groups; however, 4 h after treatment this value was significantly higher in the Provicol group than in the Ledermix group (p < 0.005, t-test). After 12 h, the difference was no longer significant. The number of patients taking analgesics for post-treatment pain was higher in the Provicol group (n = 11/53) than in the Ledermix group (n = 3/56).ConclusionsThe patients had no long term post-operative pain experience in both groups. However, within the first hours after cementation the sensation of pain was considerably higher in the Provicol group than in the Ledermix group.

Effectiveness of a miswak extract-containing toothpaste on gingival inflammation: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES In this study, the efficacy of a miswak extract-containing toothpaste (Salvadora persica) on gingival inflammation was compared with that of a herbal and a conventional toothpaste. METHODS Non-smoking outpatients with sulcus bleeding index (SBI) ≥25% and with periodontal pocket depths ≤3 mm were randomly selected and divided into three groups: M-group, miswak extract-containing toothpaste; P-group, herbal toothpaste; and C-group, conventional toothpaste. After instructing the patients to brush their teeth twice a day for 3 weeks with the assigned toothpaste using a flat-trimmed manual toothbrush, a thorough oral examination was performed by a calibrated examiner (EH). The primary outcome was the SBI after 21 days. Furthermore, the amount of plaque was measured by approximal plaque index (API). RESULTS Sixty-six patients with a mean age of 57.8 ± 10.2 years were recruited and enrolled. After 3 weeks of brushing, all three patient groups showed a significant reduction in SBI. The P-group (SBI reduction: 17.1% ± 9.1) and the M-group (14.5% ± 8.1) showed the strongest effect followed by the C-group (9.4% ± 7.8). All three groups showed a significant reduction in API without significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The use of each of the three tested toothpastes caused a significant reduction in gingival inflammation and amount of plaque. The miswak extract-containing toothpaste showed a similar effect as the herbal toothpaste and can be safely used for domestic oral hygiene in patients with gingivitis.

Computer guided immediate implant placement into fresh extracted socket and soft tissue augmentation using a three-dimensional collagen matrix and immediate provisional restoration in the esthetic zone- 12-month results

Computer guided immediate implant placement into fresh extracted socket and soft tissue augmentation using a threedimensional collagen matrix and immediate provisional restoration in the esthetic zone12month results Adriano Azaripour ; Keyvan Sagheb ; Lara Stock ; Franziska Kremer ; Bilal Al-Nawas Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany