Agnes L. Baro

Law enforcement and higher education: Is there an impasse?

Only 1 percent of local law enforcement agencies require a four-year degree; and 75 percent have no formal policy linking education with promotion. We argue that a four-year degree standard has not been adopted because police organizations and police work have not changed in ways that require it. We also question assumptions that higher education is essential to police professionalism, and that a four-year degree improves performance. Further, we assert that police training and education are similar enterprises and that a fuller integration is needed. We conclude with recommendations to increase cooperation between criminal justice faculty and police administrators.

Effects of a Cognitive Restructuring Program on Inmate Institutional Behavior

Although research suggests that cognitive restructuring programs reduce recidivism, little is known about the effects of such programs on institutional behavior. This study compared randomly selected inmates who participated in other self-help programs and randomly selected inmates who participated in the first phase of a cognitive restructuring program with inmates who had been in the second phase for at least 6 months. The total sample size was 123. Findings suggest that participation in the first phase appears to reduce refusals to obey a direct order, whereas participation in the second phase appears to reduce assaults.

Women and the publication process: A content analysis of criminal justice journals

Journal publications have a great impact on academic disciplines; they have the power to define topics of inquiry and to structure research questions. Prior research suggests that women do not participate in the publication process in proportion to their representation in various disciplines. This study reports the results of a content analysis of criminal justice journals which examines womens participation in the publication process.

Women's Representation and Status in Law Enforcement: Does CALEA Involvement Make a Difference?

This studys objective was to determine if involvement in the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) accreditation process will have a significant, positive effect on the representation of sworn women in large police agencies at all organizational levels and on the representation of women of color as a percentage of the total workforce. This study compared 193 large (100 or more sworn personnel) non-CALEA agencies with 201 large CALEA agencies. Results of this research suggest that there are significant differences between CALEA and non-CALEA agencies and that involvement in the CALEA accreditation process appears to encourage and facilitate the recruitment and promotion of women at least in large police agencies. Additional research should be conducted comparing small CALEA and non-CALEA agencies, and the authors recommend CALEA officials revisit the available workforce issue to ensure more accurate estimates of the numbers of women in respective workforces.

EFFECTIVE POLITICAL CONTROL OF BUREAUCRACY: THE CASE OF HAWAII'S PRISON SYSTEM

ABSTRACT The problem addressed in this study is that of rendering a prison bureaucracy accountable to formal political authority. It is proposed that resolving this problem requires: political development; a supportive political culture; and sufficient bureaucratic resources. In order to test a related hypothesis, an index of political development was constructed and applied. The impact of the political culture and the organizational capacity of the prison bureaucracy were also assessed. Study findings are that the bureaucracy generally had the capacity to comply with formal directives but did not do so. Concurrently, the political culture was not supportive and political development can be described as regressive.

Immunizations or Incarceration: Can Policy Choices Equal Governmental Child Neglect?

Agnes Baro is involved in child neglect issues because of her lifelong interest in social justice, particularly as it relates to women, poverty, and children. She lives in the border area between Georgia and Florida and this article flows from her community activism in service to children. For example, under current policies in Florida, children are left in unacceptable health while the state pursues more and more punitive punishment for offenders. For Dr. Baro these types of state policy choices are ill conceived and not in the interest of humanist values.

Book Reviews : The Crimes Women Commit, The Punishments They Receive by Rita J. Simon and Jean Landis. Lexington Books, 1991

penalties than the general criminal population, to allocate penalties based primarily on this fact would be unlikely to have an overall crime control benefit. While Schlegel’s basic argument here follows earlier contributions such as that made by Andrew Von Hirsch, his discussion provides a clear and concise description of desert principles. Moreover, he moves quickly to what is a new problem not covered by others. How can we apply concepts of retribution and punishment (the basic tenets of desert theory) to &dquo;soulless&dquo; corporations? Can