Ah Keng Kau

A Typology of Animosity and its Cross-National Validation:

Four types of animosity, the emotional antagonism felt toward a specific entity, were identified as a function of their sources (situational vs. stable) and locus (personal vs. national) of manifestation. A five-country survey was conducted in Asia to validate the typology, using the United States and Japan as target entities. Results affirmed the four-factor structure of the proposed typology. Several cross-national differences in animosity were also uncovered. Indonesians, Malaysians, and Thais tended to have greater situational animosity toward the United States than Japan, except for Koreans and Singaporeans. Not surprisingly, Koreans showed greater stable animosity toward Japan than the United States. Asians also demonstrated a higher level of animosity at the national than personal level. Implications arising from the findings are discussed and directions for future research suggested.

The Wellbeing of Singaporeans: Values, Lifestyles, Satisfaction and Quality of Life

This book is part of the authors’ continuing research on quality of life issues in Singapore. It builds on past research into the values and lifestyles of Singaporeans and focuses on their well-being. In addition, the findings of the 2006 Asia Barometer Survey (for Singaporean respondents) are presented; revealing comprehensive insights into their values, lifestyles, priorities in life, worries, life satisfaction, quality of life, etc. Selective comparisons are also made with the other East Asian countries covered in the same survey, namely, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam.