Ahmad Fauzi

Soft-combustion (wet-chemical) synthesis of a new 4-V class cathode-active material, LiVMoO6, for Li-ion batteries

Abstract A new, 4-V class, lithiated transition metal oxide cathode, LiVMoO6, has been synthesized by a novel soft-combustion (wet chemical) low temperature (LT) method that presents advantages compared to the classical ceramic method, namely, in terms of phase purity, surface texture and size, preparation time, costs and electrochemical performances of the resulting products. The structural properties of the newly synthesized product have been examined by means of X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). The thermal reactions which occur during the soft-combustion of the precursor mixture have been examined by DTA/TG techniques. It has been found that the layered LiVMoO6 can only be obtained upon calcining the precursor at 540°C, beyond which the compound will thermally be reduced to LiVMoO5 which exhibits inferior structural characteristics for the intercalation/deintercalation reactions. The product (LiVMoO6) thus prepared exhibits submicrometre spherical grains (

FRAGMENTATION AND CONFLICT AMONG ISLAMIC POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDONESIA DURING REFORMASI ERA (1998-2009): Anatomy, Factors and Implications

Since independence of the Republic of Indonesia, Muslims, as the majority population, have established diverse Islamic political parties. The nature of such parties has changed from the days of the Old Order to the New Order and Reformasi eras. Despite similar anatomies between Islamic parties of the Old Order and those of Reformasi, Islamic political parties profess different ideological missions. While the beginning of Old Order saw the confederation of Islamic political parties, Masyumi, seeking to promote the establishment of an Islamic State, none of the Islamic political parties which mushroomed during Reformasi era expressly struggled for the establishment of an Islamic state. However, the Islamic political parties had to weather similar problems of internal conflict and fragmentation. Different ideological strands, policy stances and leadership styles are believed to be amongst the pivotal root causes of their domestic troubles. With their popular votes and parliamentary seats significantly reduced, they prove to be no competition to the nationalist political parties.