Ahmed Serag

Different approaches in manipulating ratio spectra applied for the analysis of Cefprozil in presence of its alkaline-induced degradation product: a comparative study.

Four simple, accurate and precise stability-indicating spectrophotometric methods manipulating ratio spectra were developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Cefprozil (CZ) and its alkaline-induced degradation product (DCZ) without prior separation namely; ratio difference, mean centering, derivative ratio using Savitsky-Golay filter and continuous wavelet transform. The accuracy, precision and linearity ranges of the proposed methods were determined. The methods were validated and the specificity was assessed by analyzing synthetic mixtures containing the drug and its degradate. The four methods were applied for the determination of the cited drug in tablets and the obtained results were statistically compared with those of a reported method. The comparison showed that there are no significant differences between the proposed methods and the reported method regarding both accuracy and precision.

Different spectrophotometric methods applied for the analysis of binary mixture of flucloxacillin and amoxicillin: A comparative study.

Three different spectrophotometric methods were applied for the quantitative analysis of flucloxacillin and amoxicillin in their binary mixture, namely, ratio subtraction, absorbance subtraction and amplitude modulation. A comparative study was done listing the advantages and the disadvantages of each method. All the methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines and the obtained accuracy, precision and repeatability were found to be within the acceptable limits. The selectivity of the proposed methods was tested using laboratory prepared mixtures and assessed by applying the standard addition technique. So, they can be used for the routine analysis of flucloxacillin and amoxicillin in their binary mixtures.

Zero order and signal processing spectrophotometric techniques applied for resolving interference of metronidazole with ciprofloxacin in their pharmaceutical dosage form

Four rapid, simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods were used for the determination of ciprofloxacin in the presence of metronidazole as interference. The methods under study are area under the curve, simultaneous equation in addition to smart signal processing techniques of manipulating ratio spectra namely Savitsky-Golay filters and continuous wavelet transform. All the methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines where accuracy, precision and repeatability were found to be within the acceptable limits. The selectivity of the proposed methods was tested using laboratory prepared mixtures and assessed by applying the standard addition technique. So, they can therefore be used for the routine analysis of ciprofloxacin in quality-control laboratories.

Firefly algorithm versus genetic algorithm as powerful variable selection tools and their effect on different multivariate calibration models in spectroscopy: A comparative study.

For the first time, a new variable selection method based on swarm intelligence namely firefly algorithm is coupled with three different multivariate calibration models namely, concentration residual augmented classical least squares, artificial neural network and support vector regression in UV spectral data. A comparative study between the firefly algorithm and the well-known genetic algorithm was developed. The discussion revealed the superiority of using this new powerful algorithm over the well-known genetic algorithm. Moreover, different statistical tests were performed and no significant differences were found between all the models regarding their predictabilities. This ensures that simpler and faster models were obtained without any deterioration of the quality of the calibration.

Stability-indicating methods for the analysis of ciprofloxacin in the presence of its acid induced degradation product: A comparative study.

Four rapid, simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods were used for the determination of ciprofloxacin in the presence of its acidic degradation product. The methods under study are ratio derivative, ratio difference, mean centering and dual wavelength. All the methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines and the obtained accuracy, precision and repeatability were found to be within the acceptable limits. The selectivity of the proposed methods was tested using laboratory prepared mixtures and assessed by applying the standard addition technique. So, they can be used for the routine analysis of ciprofloxacin in quality-control laboratories.

Effect of genetic algorithm as a variable selection method on different chemometric models applied for the analysis of binary mixture of amoxicillin and flucloxacillin: A comparative study

Different chemometric models were applied for the quantitative analysis of amoxicillin (AMX), and flucloxacillin (FLX) in their binary mixtures, namely, partial least squares (PLS), spectral residual augmented classical least squares (SRACLS), concentration residual augmented classical least squares (CRACLS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). All methods were applied with and without variable selection procedure (genetic algorithm GA). The methods were used for the quantitative analysis of the drugs in laboratory prepared mixtures and real market sample via handling the UV spectral data. Robust and simpler models were obtained by applying GA. The proposed methods were found to be rapid, simple and required no preliminary separation steps.

Stability indicating methods for the analysis of cefprozil in the presence of its alkaline induced degradation product.

Three simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of cefprozil (CZ) in the presence of its alkaline induced degradation product (DCZ). The first method was the bivariate method, while the two other multivariate methods were partial least squares (PLS) and spectral residual augmented classical least squares (SRACLS). The multivariate methods were applied with and without variable selection procedure (genetic algorithm GA). These methods were tested by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures of the above drug with its alkaline induced degradation product and they were applied to its commercial pharmaceutical products.

Different spectrophotometric methods applied for the analysis of simeprevir in the presence of its oxidative degradation product: Acomparative study

Five simple spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of simeprevir in the presence of its oxidative degradation product namely, ratio difference, mean centering, derivative ratio using the Savitsky-Golay filters, second derivative and continuous wavelet transform. These methods are linear in the range of 2.5-40μg/mL and validated according to the ICH guidelines. The obtained results of accuracy, repeatability and precision were found to be within the acceptable limits. The specificity of the proposed methods was tested using laboratory prepared mixtures and assessed by applying the standard addition technique. Furthermore, these methods were statistically comparable to RP-HPLC method and good results were obtained. So, they can be used for the routine analysis of simeprevir in quality-control laboratories.

Stability-indicating HPLC-DAD Method for the Determination of Simeprevir

Abstract Simeprevir is a novel direct acting antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus. In the present work, a rapid, specific and reproducible reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method has been developed and validated for the determination of simeprevir in the presence of its forced degradation products. The drug was subjected to variable stress conditions including hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal and photolysis. The drug was found to be labile to acidic hydrolysis, basic hydrolysis, oxidation and photolysis but stable in thermal and neutral hydrolytic conditions. Successful chromatographic separation of simeprevir was achieved on Discovery® HS C18 column at a flow rate of 1 mL/ min using mobile phase of acetonitrile. The eluents were monitored by the diode array detector and peak area values were measured at 288 nm. The validity of the method was assessed by evaluating accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration curve shows a good relationship in the range of 1.5 - 45 μg/mL. The developed method was successfully applied for the estimation of simeprevir in its commercial dosage form and could be used for the routine analysis of the studied drug in quality control laboratories.

Molecular and Quantum Mechanical Study for the Separation of Cefprozil in the Presence of Its Alkaline Degradation Product Using RP-HPLC with UV Detection

A reversed-phase HPLC method (RP-HPLC) with UV detection was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of cefprozil, a second-generation cephalosporin. Due to β-lactam ring instability under alkaline conditions, this RP-HPLC method was applied for the determination of cefprozil in the presence of its possible degradation product. The interactions that govern the separation process with stationary phase were investigated at both molecular and quantum mechanical levels. Moreover, electrostatic potential maps were generated to determine the sites of interaction with mobile phase. The suggested method was validated in compliance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and successfully applied for the determination of cefprozil in its commercial pharmaceutical formulation.