Ahmed Talbaoui

In vitro Cytotoxic Effects and Antibacterial Activity of Moroccan Medicinal Plants Aristolochia longa and Lavandula multifida

Aims: The aim of this study was the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of organic extracts from Aristolochia longa and Lavandula multifida. Study Design: Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of extracts. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology (Faculty of Sciences), between July 2007 and July 2008. Methodology: The aerial parts were extracted by organic solvents (hexane, dichloromethane and methanol). The antibacterial activity of extracts was tested against Rhodococcus strains using the agar well diffusion method and cytotoxic activity was evaluated against three cancerous cell lines using the MTT assay. The chemical composition of extracts was determined using GC-MS. Results: The results show that the hexanic extract of A. longa (AH) and the dichloromethanic extract of A. longa (AD) present a good inhibitory effect on the three cancerous cell growth with 15 μg/ml≤IC50≤ 250 μg/ml and a total inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth with inhibition zone 30 mm at 50 mg/ml. Whereas, the extracts of L. multifida present less important inhibiting effects on the cell growth, in particular hexanic extract of L. multifida (LH) and dichloromethanic extract of Original Research Article Aneb et al.; EJMP, 16(2): 1-13, 2016; Article no.EJMP.28534 2 L. multifida (LD) with 115 μg/ml≤IC50≤ 300 μg/ml. These extracts are also active against the three strains of Rhodococcus, with more than 20 mm rings of inhibition at 50 mg/ml. The study of the chemical composition of each these species was undertaken by means of GC-MS. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts studied showed the presence of many chemical compounds which can explain these biological activities. These preliminary results suggest the presence in the extracts of compounds such as linoleic acid chloride; oleic acid and limonene-6-ol, pivalate for A. longa, and methyl linolenate; octadecane; oleic acid; 2,3,5,8-tetramethyldecane, phenol, 2methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) for L. multifida. Conclusion: This study deserves to be pursued to characterize better the asset compounds and to clarify their mechanism of action.

In vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Extracts from Endemic Moroccan Medicinal Plant Salvia verbenaca (L.) Briq. ssp verbenaca Maire (S. clandestina Batt. non L)

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antileishmanial activities of organic extracts (methanol, n-hexane and dichloromethane extract) from Salvia clandestina (Lamiaceae) used in Moroccan medicinal plant. Study Design: Evaluation of in vitro antileishmanial activity of extracts and determination phenolic contents. Original Research Article Et-Touys et al.; EJMP, 16(1): 1-8, 2016; Article no.EJMP.27891 2 Place and Duration of Study: After plant collection from the region of Rabat-Morocco, further work was carried out in Parasitology Laboratory of the National Institute of health and Laboratory of Biochemistry-Immunology, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Morocco from February 2015 to march 2016. Methodology: The plant was extracted using organic solvents and using Soxhlet. The antileishmanial activity of extracts was tested against three leishmanial strains, Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum in their promatigotes form, using MTT assay. The total phenolic content was assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteau assay and total flavonoid content was assessed by aluminium chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric assay. Results: The MTT based colorimetric assay showed reduced promastigotes viability on the all strains tested. The best growth inhibition was observed with n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts of Salvia clandestina (IC50≤ 155.43 μg/ml) compared to N-methyl glucamine antimoniate (Glucantime®) (IC50>1000μg/ml) used as control, after 72 h of treatment. Phenolic content of S. clandestina extracts ranged between 107.52±3.12 and 74.41±4.96 mg GAE/g extract, and the flavonoid content ranged between 24.64±3.65 and 16.31±3.69 mg QE/g extract. Conclusion: The current investigation reveals that S. clandestina extracts possess activity against three Leishmania species. S. clandestina need further investigation so that the pure bioactive antileishmanial compounds should be isolated with cost effective, promising results and less side effects.

Détermination des composés phénoliques et évaluation de l’activité litholytique in vitro sur la lithiase urinaire d’extrait de Zizyphus lotus L. d’origine marocaine

RésuméZizyphus lotus L., espèce méditerranéenne, est commune au Maroc. Elle est utilisée dans la phytothérapie traditionnelle pour traiter la lithiase urinaire. Cette dernière représente au Maroc la deuxième cause d’hospitalisation en urologie après l’adénome de la prostate. Dans le but de valoriser et d’évaluer l’efficacité des fruits de Zizyphus lotus L. sur la dissolution des calculs, nous avons dosé les polyphénols totaux et les flavonoïdes puis évalué l’effet de l’extrait aqueux du fruit de Zizyphus lotus L. sur la dissolution de deux types de calculs rénaux. Les teneurs des polyphénols varient entre 34,63 et 40,49 mg EAG (équivalent acide gallique)/mg d’extrait pour l’extrait organique et 285,19 mg EAG/mg d’extrait pour l’extrait aqueux. Alors que celles des flavonoïdes varient entre 16,60 et 33,44 mg EQ (équivalent quercétine)/mg d’extrait pour l’extrait organique et 2,66 mg EQ/mg d’extrait pour l’extrait aqueux. L’extrait n-hexane présente la teneur la plus élevée, 33,44 mg EAG/mg d’extrait. Quant à l’étude in vitro, nous avons observé que l’extrait aqueux a un effet de dissolution plus important sur les calculs d’acide urique (10 %) que sur les calculs d’oxalate de calcium. Alors que l’effet du citrate et de NaCl sur la réduction de la masse des calculs est faible.AbstractZizyphus lotus L., a Mediterranean plant, is commonly found in Morocco. It is used in traditional herbal medicine to treat urolithiasis. This disease is the second cause of hospitalization in urology after prostate adenoma in Morocco. In order to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of fruit Zizyphus lotus L. on the dissolution of kidney stone, we have firstly dosed the total polyphenols and flavonoids. On the other hand, we have evolved the effect of aqueous extract of the fruit Zizyphus lotus L. on two types of kidney stones. The total phenol content of the four extracts of Zizyphus lotus L. ranged between 34.63 and 40.49 mg GAE(Gallic acid equivalent)/mg extract for organic extracts and 285.19 mg GAE/mg extract for water extracts. The flavonoid content ranged between 16.6 and 33.44 mg QE(Quercetin equivalent)/mg extract for organic extracts and 2.66 mg QE/mg extract for water extracts. Hexanic extract has the highest content of 33.44 mg GAE/mg of extract. With in vitro study, we observed that the aqueous extract has a better effect on dissolution of uric acid stones (10%) than on the calcium oxalate stones. While with citrate and NaCl, the reduction in the mass of kidney stones is small.

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Organic Extracts from North-West Moroccan Medicinal Plant Myrtus communis (L.)

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract from the leaves of Myrtus communis (L.) growing in North-West of Morocco. Study Design: In vitro evaluating of antibacterial activity and determination of total phenols and flavonoids content of extracts. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology (Faculty of Sciences), between July 2015 and November 2015. Methodology: The total phenol content and flavonoids content of methanol, ethanol, ethyl-acetate and n-hexane extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method and Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method respectively. The antibacterial activity of extracts was tested against Original Research Article Bouyahya et al.; BJI, 16(4): xxx-xxx, 2016; Article no.BJI.28500 2 five reference strains, Escherichia coli K12 MBLA, Staphylococcus aureus CECT 976, Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b CECT 4032 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa IH using the agar well diffusion method and the micro-dilution assays. Results: The amount of the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content ranged between 86,31-137,46 gallic acid equivalents (GAE mg/g) and 14,31±1,09–31,24 quercetin equivalents (QE mg/g) of dry weight of extract, respectively. All extracts had a significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. The biggest zones of inhibition were observed against two positive bacteria (L. monocytogenes, S. aureus). While, Gram negative bacteria (E. coli K12, P. aeruginosa) had showed to be resistant toward extracts. Conclusion: Considering these results, M. communis leaves can be used as a source of novel antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Spiro[thiadiazoline-(pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine)] Derivatives

New heterocyclic compounds spiroderivatives of allopurinol of biological interest were prepared from allopurinol via thionation and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and were produced in high to excellent yields. These compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral and spectroscopic data (1H NMR, 13C, IR, and MS). The antibacterial activity of the synthesized products was studied using bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compounds having an ethyl group showed the best activity with MIC value of 31.25 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus fasciens.