Ahmet Burçin Yereli

Fiscal Space and Estimating Methods

In this paper, it is aimed to examine the estimating methods of the fiscal space, which is a concept that governments focus in recent years. In this direction, six fiscal space estimating methods are explained theoretically. Besides, it is tried to evaluate these methods in terms of advantages and disadvantages through a comparative analysis. It is also examined the risks associated with the methods. As a result, it can be said that incorrect measures of fiscal space may have negative effects on many important factors, from the development stages of the countries to the macro indicators. In addition, considering that the fiscal space of the countries is affected by many economic and noneconomic factors, Ostry et al. (2010) approach attracts considerable attention. Because it takes more account of the general equilibrium situation.

The effect of innovation on productivity: evidence from Turkish manufacturing firms

Abstract This paper systematically explores the effects of firms’ innovation activities on their productivity changes for Turkish manufacturing firms, differentiating between different typologies of innovation. We employ endogenous switching methodology, controlling for endogeneity and selection bias issues, as well as analysing counterfactual scenarios. The main finding of the study points to firm heterogeneity in terms of propensity both to innovate and to benefit from innovation activities. Our results indicate that all types of innovation activity have positive effects on the productivity of firms when compared with non-innovating firms. We find robust evidence for the differential impact of innovation on firm productivity across different innovation types. Further, this relationship alters across different phases of the economy with respect to the 2008 financial crisis.

Ulusal Varlık Fonlarını Anlamak: Fırsat Mı, Tehdit Mi?

Sovereign Wealth Funds, which have become one of the most popular financial instrument of recent years and were accepted as both institutional innovation and financial power in international financial markets, have reached a level that can shape the structure of national economies with total assets of 7.445 trillion dollars. The fact that sovereign wealth funds have reached a considerable volume today makes it possible for both the host country and the home country to influence the economic conditions at the macroeconomic and microeconomic dimension.The fact that sovereign wealth funds, which have a size that can affect national economies, are in the state property, which is the most striking and controversial feature, places such funds in the target of criticism. However, there are also opinions that sovereign wealth funds act only for economic purposes. This study investigates the driving forces behind the development of sovereign wealth funds, which are examined as international institutional investors, as well as the funding sources and the purposes of such funds. In addition, this study discusses whether sovereign wealth funds are a useful tool for economies, and the ideas that are directed at and favored against these funds.

Katılımcı Demokrasi ve Bütçeleme

Participatory budgeting, which was emerged at the end of 1980’s and enables citizens to participate in a system that is in accordance with the free will to decide directly related to budget spending and priorities. This budgeting system showed a great development in recent years, particularly to ensure the direct participation of the public in local government budgeting process. Central and local governments will have a more democratic society by ensuring the participation of citizens in the budgeting process. In addition, participatory democracy and budgeting development is a need to provide national and regional development. In this study, participatory democracy concept has discussed in order to describe it comprehensively.

Sorgun Kazası XIX. Yüzyıl Temettüat Defterleri Üzerinden Gelir Dağılımı ve Göreli Yoksulluk Üzerine Bir İnceleme

XIX. yuzyil ortalarinda Tanzimat Fermani’yla birlikte uygulamaya konulan temettuat tahrirleri, hanehalkinin sosyo-ekonomik ozelliklerine iliskin ayrintili bilgiler vermektedir. Calismanin konusu, Sivas Eyaleti, Bozok Sancagina bagli Sorgun Kazasinda gelir dagilimi ve goreli yoksulluktur. 1844-1845 temettuat defterleri verilerinin kullanildigi calismada gelir esitsizligi Gini Katsayisi ve Lorenz Egrisiyle incelenmis, goreli yoksulluk orani ise medyan gelirin yuzde ellisi kullanilarak hesaplanmistir. Calismada Gini Katsayisi vergi oncesi 0,3743, vergi sonrasi 0,4031 olarak bulunmustur. Goreli yoksulluk orani ise vergi oncesi %20, vergi sonrasi %31’dir. Bu baglamda vergi uygulamasinin, gelir dagilimi esitsizligini artirdigi ve regresif sonuclar verdigi belirlenmistir.

Türkiye’de Katastrofik Sağlık Harcamalarını Etkileyen Faktörler

Turk saglik sisteminin kronik sorunlarini gidermek amaciyla 2003 yilinda Saglikta Donusum Programi ismiyle baslatilan saglik reformu, temel olarak saglik hizmetine erisimde hakkaniyeti saglamayi, nufusun tamamini sosyal guvenlik kapsamina almayi ve haneleri saglik hizmetlerinin finansal yukunden korumayi amaclamistir. Bununla birlikte artan saglik harcamalari nedeniyle, saglik sisteminde katilim payi uygulamasina gecilmistir. Bu calisma, bir talep yanli maliyet paylasim sistemi olan katilim payi uygulamasi sonucu cepten yapilan saglik harcamalarinin neden oldugu finansal katastrofiyi ele almakta ve finansal katastrofiyi etkileyen faktorlere odaklanmaktadir. Turkiye Istatistik Kurumu (TUIK)’nun 2003-2011 yillari Hanehalki Butce Anketi verileri kullanilarak, katastrofik saglik harcamalarini etkileyen faktorler lojistik regresyon yardimiyla incelenmistir. Sonuc olarak, Turkiye’de saglik reformu ile birlikte saglik harcamalarinin neden oldugu finansal katastrofinin arttigi tespit edilmistir.

Türkiye'deki Hanehalklarının Haberleşme Talebinin Ampirik Analizi

Haberlesme, insanin yasamini surdurmesindeki temel ihtiyaclardandir. Bu calismada haberlesme harcamalarinin, bireylerin toplam harcamalarindaki payi, gelir ve fiyat esnekliklerinin duzeyi sorgulanarak, bu harcama turunun zorunlu mal mi, yoksa talebi esnek turde mallardan mi oldugu aciklanmaya calisilmaktadir. Arastirmada Turkiye’deki haberlesme harcamalari verileri olarak 2002-2009 yillarina iliskin TUIK hanehalki butce anketlerinden yararlanilmistir. Buradan hareketle Turkiye’deki 12 farkli harcama turunun hanehalklarinin butcelerindeki payi, gelir (harcama) ve fiyat esneklikleri, haberlesme harcamalari ile karsilastirmali sekilde analiz edilmistir. Bunun icin regresyon analizi ile degiskenler arasindaki iliskinin anlamliligi olcumlenmistir. Bunu takiben butce payinin, fiyat ve gelir (harcama) esnekliklerinin analizi icin Genisletilmis Dogrusal Harcama Sistemi (ELES) uygulanmistir. Calismada yapilan analizler sonucunda; Turkiye genelinde haberlesme harcamalarinin butce payi yaklasik %4, gelir (harcama) esnekligi 1’den kucuk, fiyat esnekligi -1,06 olarak hesaplanmistir. Bu nedenle haberlesme harcamalari, Turkiye ornegi icin, ihtiyac mali olarak kabul edilebilir seklinde yorumlanmistir.

Türkiye'de Kredi Kartları Piyasasına Yönelik Kamu Müdahaleleri

Turkiye’de kredi karti kullaniminin hizli buyumesi, dunyada oldugu gibi, bazi sorun ve endiseleri beraberinde getirmistir. Bu calismada bu sorunlar ve piyasa basarisizliklarinin kamu mudahalesini hakli gosterebilecegine isaret edilmektedir. Bu calisma kapsaminda yapilan degerlendirmeler Turkiye’de mevcut sektorel duzenlemelerin bu pazarin iki tarafli yapisi yaninda, kredi kartinin odeme araci olma yonunu de ihmal ettigine isaret etmektedir. Diger yandan Rekabet Kurumu tarafindan cok tarafli takas komisyonlarina yapilan mudahalenin etkisini incelenmis, ancak bu mudahalenin kredi karti degiskenlerinin buyume oranlarini etkiledigine dair acik bulgulara ulasilamamistir.