Ahmet Duymaz

Parry-Romberg syndrome: facial atrophy and its relationship with other regions of the body.

Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) is an uncommon disorder and characterized by a slowly, an acquired progressive atrophy involving skin, soft tissue, cartilage, and bony structures. Accompanying atrophies of the other parts of the body are rarely reported. The aim of this study is to report a case that had contralateral lower extremity atrophy with PRS, and to review the related etiologic features, physiopathology, and mechanism.The patient who admitted for his facial atrophy also had atrophy of his contralateral extremity. This extremity was also short in length when compared with other extremity. To obtain detailed information regarding the severity of involvement routine laboratory investigations including antinuclear antibody (ANA), magnetic resonance imagine (MRI) of the craniofacial region and lower extremities, MR angiography of the lower extremities and brain, 3-dimension computed tomography (CT) scan of the craniofacial region were performed. Normal or negative laboratory findings included results of blood count, renal and hepatic function biochemical tests, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, anti-dsDNA antibody except ANA that were positive. His lower extremity and brain MR angiography were normal. In the 3-dimensional cranial CT, there was no abnormality or defect in the bony structures. His brain MRI showed no pathologic changes, and his facial MRI demonstrated noteworthy atrophy to the sternocleidomastoid, masseter, pterygoid muscles, and subcutaneus soft tissues on the right side of the face. Additionally, MR investigation of his lower extremities revealed decreased volume in muscles and bony structures of the effected extremity compared with the other extremity, but pathologic evidence of fatty degeneration associated with muscle atrophy was not demonstrated.The patient had isolated contralateral lower extremity involvement combined with hemifacial atrophy (without affecting any other part of the body). Although more accepted theory is the sympathic nervous system dysfunction, autoimmunity may play a roll in the etiology of our case as ANA abnormality was found in multiple tests.

Management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis with temporalis fascia flap and fat graft

AIM Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a serious problem that restricts jaw mobility and causes disturbances in facial and mandibular growth. The purpose of this paper is to present an easy and versatile method for the treatment of TMJ ankylosis to decrease postoperative complications such as re-ankylosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD Eleven patients who presented with ankylosis of the TMJ underwent surgical release. After performing gap arthroplasty through a preauricular approach, the temporalis fascia flap was transposed to the gap. An autogenous fat graft was then obtained from the abdomen and used as interpositional material. The follow-up time was 3-5 years. RESULTS Re-ankylosis did not occur in any of the patients, and all had satisfactory mouth opening. CONCLUSION Surgical treatment of TMJ ankylosis with gap arthroplasty, interposition of the temporalis fascia flap and fat grafting is an effective and easily procedure for preventing of re-ankylosis. The autogenous nature and close proximity to the joint are the main advantages of the temporalis fascia flap when compared with other interpositional materials, and the fat graft provides additional support by reducing pressure.

Allogenous Cartilage Graft Versus Autogenous Cartilage Graft in Augmentation Rhinoplasty: A Decade of Clinical Experience

Cartilage grafts have great value in augmentation rhinoplasty. For most surgeons, an autogenous cartilage graft is the first choice in rhinoplasty because of its resistance to infection and resorption. On the other hand, an allogenous cartilage graft might be preferred over an autogenous graft to avoid additional morbidity and lengthened operating time. Allogenous cartilage grafts not only have the advantage of averting donor site morbidity but also are resistant to infection, resembling autogenous cartilage grafts. The authors present their experience with 41 patients who underwent augmentation rhinoplasty using 22 autogenous and 19 allogenous cartilage grafts between June 1994 and August 2004. For evaluation of adequate augmentation rates, photographic analyses were performed on preoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative photographs from all the patients. To assess patient satisfaction, the Facial Appearance Sorting Test (FAST) was applied preoperatively and late postoperatively in both groups. These results were compared, and it was concluded that in terms of resorption, there was no difference in the early and late postoperative follow-up data between allogenous and autogenous cartilage grafts. Evaluation of the preoperative and early postoperative photographic outcomes showed statistically significant differences with respect to adequate augmentation rates between the two groups. The FAST scores showed statistically significant differences between preoperative and late postoperative outcomes. There were no infections in the two groups of patients.

Reconstruction of a "double pathology" on a soft palate: hairy polyp and cleft palate.

Hairy polyps of the head and neck are rare congenital tumors that may cause upper aerodigestive tract impairment in newborn. Although cleft palate is a common congenital anomaly, hairy polyp with cleft palate is extremely rare in the newborn. We aimed to present the planning of reconstruction in a patient who has an incomplete cleft palate and defect due to hairy polyp excision on soft palate in this report. A 9-month-old child was admitted to our clinic due to cleft palate. In the clinical examination, incomplete cleft palate plus a defect on the posterior side of the left soft palate was observed. On the history, the patient had been operated urgently at the newborn period for a hairy polyp localized on the left soft palate which had obstructed the airway. Wardill-Kilner-Veau technique was modified for the reconstruction of the defect on the soft palate and incomplete cleft palate. No complication was seen on postoperative period. The speech ability was evaluated on the late postoperative controls after 3 years and adequate speech intelligibility was obtained. A case of hairy polyp of nasopharynx with incomplete cleft palate in a neonate and its reconstruction techniques are discussed. The etiology of hairy polyp, hamartoma, teratoma, dermoid cyst and epignathus, their nomenclature, histopathology, clinical features, and management in neonates are also discussed briefly.

Reconstruction with galeal frontalis flap of depressed forehead region in progressive hemifacial atrophy.

Parry-Romberg syndrome is characterized by progressive hemifacial atrophy that is the lack of tissue (generally soft tissue and rarely bone and muscle) in the atrophic area of the face. The etiology and the incidence of this pathologic process are uncertain, but it is relatively rare and self-limited. The objective of this study is to present 21-year-old female patient with progressive hemifacial atrophy who was reconstructed with composite galeal frontalis flap. Although many reconstructive methods have been described, reconstruction of both eyebrow deficiency and forehead atrophy with composite galeal frontalis flap was not described before.

Management of neglected periorbital squamous cell carcinoma requiring orbital exenteration.

AbstractWith its perineural invasion capacity, periorbital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may easily invade orbital structures. When SCC invades the orbital musculature or the orbit itself, orbital exenteration, one of the most disfiguring operations on the face, is required. We reviewed elderly patients with periorbitally localized SCC requiring orbital exenteration to evaluate reconstructive options and survival. A chart review of patients’ records was conducted to identify all patients older than 65 years with periorbital malignancy requiring orbital exenteration from 2006 to 2011. A total of 9 patients who met the criteria were included in the study. The mean age at surgery was 77 ± 6.7 years, and the mean defect size was 74.2 cm2. All patients had a similar history of late presentation to a doctor because of hesitation to undergo surgery. The temporoparietal fascia flap, galeal flap, free gracilis flap, and free vastus lateralis musculocutaneous flap were the treatment options for reconstruction of the defects. All patients died during follow-up, and the mean survival was 15.7 months (range, 6–36 months). Only 2 of them had relapse before the death. Our small series suggest that elderly patients with periorbital SCC requiring orbital exenteration may not have enough survival to relapse because of the death from different causes without relapse or any sign of spreading cancer. Also, prolonged surgery with free flap reconstruction may increase the risk of postoperative intensive care unit requirement. Because local flaps may work very well for reconstructing the orbital exenteration defects, free flap option should be kept for selected cases.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Lesion

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common malignancy that originates from the keratinizing or spindle cell layer of the epithelium. The etiology of SCC is multifactorial. These factors include exposure to ultraviolet, ionizing radiation and chemicals and chronic wounds. Chronic wounds, including unhealed burn scars, fistula tracts, pressure sores, and draining osteomyelitis areas, are important factors in development of SCC. Infections are also a cause of chronic wounds.

Preventing Negative Effects of Smoking on Microarterial Anastomosis

Although microsurgery has rapid expanded, problems related to microarterial anastomosis continue. Cigarette smoking is one of the major risks for anastomosis by increasing platelet adhesion, and its effects on endothelial cells. Aim of this article is to study the negative effects of cigarettes on microarterial anastomosis line, and to investigate the protective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO).Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1 was the control. Rats in groups 2 and 3 were exposed to cigarette smoke starting 21 days prior to surgery for 3 times a day. In group 3, additional 150 IU/kg rHuEPO was given via subcutaneously every 48 hours after microvascular anastomosis, femoral arterial samples, and blood samples were taken for assessment at 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day. Intimae/media ratios were calculated for morphologic analyses.On morphologic analysis of femoral arteries there were statistically significant differences for all 3 groups at 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days (P < 0, 05). The group that made differences was group 2, according to one-way analysis of variance within 3 groups in all days.Smoking decreases endothelial cells healing and causes more thromboses. rHuEPO can prevent these negative effects of smoking.

Using of Pedicled Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flaps in the Thigh and Lumber Defects

BACKGROUND A series of previously described but rarely used variations of the pedicled, extended or vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (Extended RAM, VRAM) were reviewed. METHODS Skin paddle dimensions, ranged 8 to 28 cm in width and 10 to 35 cm in length, were used in five consecutive patients. Four flaps were placed deep to the inguinal ligament to repair the thigh as proximal to the knee region; the remaining one flap was passed transabdominally to cover the defect of the lumbar region. RESULTS No flaps necrosis were seen and in one case wound healing problems required minimal operative intervention. Successful transfer of the VRAM and extended RAM with low rate of complication for the thigh and lumbar region defects were demonstrated to be safe and reasonable options of flap reconstruction. DISCUSSION The flaps had the advantages of being robust and well-vascularized, easy and fast to harvest, and not requiring microsurgery experience.

Mandibular Corpus Horizontal Distraction in an Edentulous Case and Its Effects on the Contralateral Coronoid Processus-Arcus Zygomaticus Relation

Purpose Interaction between the coronoid processus and the arcus-zygomaticus on contralateral hemi-mandible often drops off the radar in case of distraction osteogenesis of the mandibular corpus. We presented a 42 years old male without any teeth applied to hospital for facial asymmetry, short hemi-mandible and chewing problems. Case 2D and 3D computerized tomography and stereo-lithographic models were used for planning, predicting possible movements on the contralateral condyle and anticipate the relation of contralateral coronoid process the with zygomatic arc. Maximum safe amounts of distraction were calculated with cooperation with orthodontics and radiology. The rotation angle on the axis of the contralateral condyle is calculated in order to measure the defect to be corrected to take the maxillary and mandibular midlines to the same plane. Total calculated defect were shortened for preventing any interaction between the coronoid processus and the arcus-zygomaticus on contralateral hemi-mandible. Result Patient was satisfied and started to use new dentures two months after removal of the distraction device. Conclusion In order to achieve successful distraction without any problem regarding to opposite side rotation angles of the condyle, and position changes in the coronoid processus, collaboration and multidisciplinary approach are essential with orthodontics and radiologist in case of unilateral mandibular corpus distraction.