Ahmet Erozenci

The Value of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen and other Parameters in Detecting Bone Metastases in Prostate Cancer

The cut-off value of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in prediction of bone metastases and the correlation of serum PSA with the clinical stage, grade, score and the rate of bone metastases have been investigated in cases of prostate cancer (PCa).The study population consisted of 160 patients with histologically proven PCa between April, 1993 and August, 1996. The negative predictive value and the sensitivity were the highest (94%) in patients with a serum PSA value less than 10 ng/ml.We claim that in patients with PSA values less than 10 ng/ml whole body bone scan is not necessary.

Nomogram and scoring system for predicting stone‐free status after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children with urolithiasis

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is often considered to be the first‐line treatment method for the majority of urinary tract stone disease in children. The stone clearance rate in children treated with ESWL is higher than that in adults. Recently, nomograms for several diseases, e.g. for specific cancers, have been developed and validated in large patient populations. They have become very popular predictive tools that provide the most objective, evidence‐based, and individualized risk estimation. These nomograms have gained acceptance as useful guides in clinical practice for use by physicians and patients. In adults, a nomogram has been created to predict stone‐free outcome after ESWL; however, to our knowledge none has been developed for children with urolithiasis. This is the first study‐generated nomogram table and scoring system for predicting the stone‐free rate after ESWL in children. This predictive tool could be useful for clinicians in counselling the parents of children with urolithiasis and in recommending treatment.

Predictive factors and management of steinstrasse after shock wave lithotripsy in pediatric urolithiasis--a multivariate analysis study.

OBJECTIVE To define the predictive factors for the formation of steinstrasse (SS) after shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and determine the treatment strategies for this complication in pediatric urolithiasis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of 341 renal units (RUs) treated with SWL for urolithiasis. The stone location, stone burden, auxiliary procedures, energy level, and number of shock waves were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to detect the predictive factors for the formation of SS. In addition, the treatment of children with SS was evaluated. RESULTS The mean age of the children was 8.31 years (range 1-17). Episodes of SS developed in 26 RUs (7.6%). Of the 26 RUs, 20 (77%) were localized in the lower, 5 (19%) in the upper, and 1 (4%) in multiple locations in the ureter. The stone burden was the only statistically significant factor predicting the formation of SS on logistic regression analysis (P = .001). Of the 26 RUs, 17 (65.4%) were successfully managed by repeat SWL monotherapy, 4 (15.4%) were managed with ureteroscopy after failure of SWL, 1 (3.8%) was managed by ureteroscopy monotherapy, and 4 (15.4%) were monitored with conservative management with antispasmodic drug plus hydration therapy. The mean number of SWL sessions was 1.72. CONCLUSION The incidence of SS development in children after SWL treatment was similar to that in adult series. Our results suggest that the stone burden is a significant predictive factor for the development of SS after SWL in pediatric urolithiasis. Most children with SS could be easily and safely treated by repeat SWL.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Children with Cystine Stone: Long-Term Outcomes from a Single Institution

PURPOSE We determined the effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children with cystine stones and present the long-term outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the data of 65 renal units in 51 children who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy for cystine stones between 2000 and 2012. Of the patients 19 (37%) had undergone ipsilateral renal surgery and 11 (22%) had undergone extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Children were designated as being stone-free or having residual stone (any evidence of persistent stone fragments irrespective of size). Medical treatment with α-mercaptopropionylglycine, potassium citrate or potassium sodium hydrogen citrate was recommended for all patients after stone analysis. RESULTS Median stone burden was 3.3 cm(2) (range 1 to 13) and median patient age was 6 years (1 to 17). Stone-free status was achieved in 41 renal units (63.1%). Stone-free status was increased to 73.8% with additional endoscopic procedures. The remaining patients with residual stones were followed. Complication rate was 15.4%. A total of 35 children (68.6%) receiving regular medical treatment were followed for a median of 95 months (range 6 to 136). The recurrence rate for children achieving stone-free status was 31.2%, and the regrowth rate for children with residual stones was 29.4%. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe and effective treatment for children with cystine stones. Our high recurrence and regrowth rates emphasize that our treatment schedule is inadequate to prevent recurrent cystine calculi. Additional investigation is needed to determine the optimal medical therapy for preventing recurrence and regrowth of cystine stones.

Does previous open nephrolithotomy affect the outcomes and complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children

OBJECTIVE To analyze the success and complication rates of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) performed in pediatric patients and to compare outcomes of the patients undergoing primary PCNL with those of patients who had undergone previous open nephrolithotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2000 and 2011, PNL procedures were performed in 123 renal units (RU) of 111 children. We compared RU on which previous open surgery had been performed (group 1 RU = 26) on the same kidney with RU that had not been involved in previous surgery (group 2 RU = 97). Patient characteristics, pre- and postoperative hematocrit and creatinin levels, operative time, fluoroscopic screening time, stone free rate, complications and hospitalization time were documented and compared. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the groups in sex, stone burden, pre- and postoperative hematocrit levels. Mean age and pre- and postoperative creatinin levels were significantly higher in group 1 (p < 0.05). Mean operative time, fluoroscopic screening time and hospitalization times were similar in each group (p > 0.05). The stone free rates after PCNL were 65.4% in group 1 and 81.4% in group 2 (p > 0.05). Multiple access rate was higher in group 1; however, this was not statistically significant (27% vs. 15%, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION PCNL can be performed in pediatric patients who have previously undergone open nephrolithotomy but the success rates may be lower and risk of bowel injury higher. NCCT should be considered preoperatively for patients who have previously undergone open renal surgeries to investigate the presence of retrorenal colons. Our study includes relatively few patients with a history of open surgery and we believe that additional clinical studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm our initial findings.

Patient Decision Making Prior to Radical Prostatectomy: What Is and Is Not Involved.

The current study assessed the decision-making process before surgery in prostate cancer patients. A structured telephone interview was conducted by an independent third party in 162 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for prostate cancer. Responders revealed that details regarding diagnosis and treatment alternatives were withheld from a significant number of patients. Radiation and active surveillance were presented as alternative options to surgery in 57 (39%) and 20 (14%) of responders, respectively. Twenty-six (18%) patients reported not being informed regarding potential surgical side effects. Patients were not active participants in critical aspects of decision making in 61 (42%) of the cases. Being inadequately informed and more frequent visits to the urologist appeared to make decisions more difficult. Treatment regret was reported by 23 (16%) of the patients who underwent surgery and was more common when the patient was not involved in the decision or was inadequately informed. As such, shared decision making should replace paternalism when managing patients with localized prostate cancer in urologic practice.

Does ureteral stenting matter for stone size? A retrospectıve analyses of 1361 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients.

Introduction The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of ureteral stents for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment of pelvis renalis stones and to compare the results and complications in stented and non-stented patients. Material and methods Between 1995 and 2011, 1361 patients with pelvis renalis stones were treated with SWL. Patients were subdivided into three groups according to stone burden: ≤1 cm2 (group 1; n = 514), 1.1 to 2 cm2 (group 2; n = 530) and >2 cm2 (group 3; n = 317). Each group was divided into subgroups of patients who did and did not undergo ureteral stent implantation before SWL treatment. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by determining the effectiveness quotient (EQ). Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square, Fishers exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Of the 514, 530 and 317 patients in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively, 30 (6%), 44 (8%) and 104 (33%) patients underwent auxiliary stent implantation. Steinstrasse rates did not differ significantly between stented and non-stented patients in each group. The EQ was calculated as 62%, 33% and 70% respectively in non-stented, stented and totally for group 1. This ratio calculated as 58%, 25% and 63% for group 2 and 62%, 26% and 47% for group 3. Stone-free rates were significantly higher for non-stented than for stented patients in groups 2 and 3. Conclusions Stone free rates are significantly higher in non-stented than in stented patients with pelvis renalis stones >1 cm2, whereas steinstrasse rates are not affected.

Retrograde intrarenal surgery for nephrolithiasis in a 2-year-old boy with type 1 glycogen storage disease: A case report

Treatment for renal stone in a 2-year-old boy with glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD-1) is reported. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of a child with GSD-1 treated by retrograde intrarenal surgery.

Intermediate-Risk Group in Patients with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Prediction of High-Risk Patients in This Heterogeneous Group

Objective: To determine whether recurrence at first follow-up cystoscopy predicts future recurrence in patients with an intermediate risk of superficial bladder cancer. Methods: In total, 304 patients were classified as low (n = 60), intermediate (n = 177) or high risk (n = 67) based on the primary pathological/clinical findings, as previously described in literature. The intermediate-risk group was further divided into 2 subgroups based on recurrence at the first follow-up cystoscopy: A (recurrence negative) and B (recurrence positive). Results: The mean recurrence rates of low-, intermediate- and high-risk patients were 1.76, 6.41 and 9.49, respectively (p < 0.05). Similarly, the difference in the recurrence rates between subgroups A (4.37) and B (9.12) was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.00). Additionally, while the difference between the low-risk group and subgroup A was statistically significant (p = 0.008), there was no significance between subgroup B and the high-risk group (p = 0.892). In the multivariate analysis, the most significant prognostic parameter for recurrence was the outcome of the first follow-up cystoscopy, followed by tumor multiplicity and grade. Conclusions: Patients showing recurrence at first follow-up cystoscopy in the intermediate-risk group should be classified as high-risk patients and treated accordingly.

A decade of experience in the surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux

Our ten years of experience in the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux is presented? The results have been presented with respect to the grade and the antireflux technique employed, with special emphasis on grade IV and V cases.