Ahmet Midi

The protective effects of spirulina in cyclophosphamide induced nephrotoxicity and urotoxicity in rats.

OBJECTIVEnTo evaluate the role of Spirulina, a blue-green algae with antioxidant properties in the protection of cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity and hemorrhagic cystitis in rats.nnnMETHODSnThe control group (C) was sacrificed 24 hours after being given a single dose of saline intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg) on the seventh day of the experiment. The rats in the second group (CP) were sacrificed 24 hours after being given a single dose of cyclophosphamide, intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg) on the seventh day of the experiment. Spirulina was administered to the third group (SP+CP) orally (1000 mg/kg bw/day) for 7 days and a single dose of cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg) on the seventh day of the experiment. At the eighth day of the experiment, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels in renal and urinary bladder tissues were measured. Histomorphology in urinary bladder, apoptosis by caspase 3 immunostaining, and TUNEL assay in kidney were also evaluated.nnnRESULTSnTissue levels of malondialdehyde in the SP+CP group were significantly lower versus CP group (P < .05). Tissue levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the SP+CP group were significantly higher vs the CP group (P < .05). The histomorphologic alteration in urinary bladder in the SP+CP group was significantly lower vs that in the CP group. In the kidney, apoptosis in the SP+CP group as shown with TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry was significantly lower vs that in the CP group (P < .05).nnnCONCLUSIONnPretreatment with Spirulina protects the rats from cyclophosphamide-induced nephro-urotoxicity via its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.

Reduction of cisplatin ototoxicity in rats by oral administration of pomegranate extract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the oral administration of pomegranate extract (PE) as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The study included a prospective, controlled animal study Group 1 (nxa0=xa06), received no cisplatin or PE, and group 2 (nxa0=xa06) received cisplatin at 8xa0mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days. Group 3 (nxa0=xa06) received not only cisplatin at 8xa0mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days, but also received PE (100xa0μL/day) via gavage for 5xa0days prior to the cisplatin injection and for 3xa0days concomitantly with the cisplatin injections. To measure cisplatin ototoxic effects, “distortion product otoacoustic emissions” (DPOAE) were analyzed 3xa0days before and after the cisplatin injections. Histological changes in the cochleas were observed by light microscopy. Compared with group 3, the DPOAE amplitudes of group 2 decreased significantly. Among the groups, there was a statistically significant difference in basal and mid turn external ciliated cells (ECC) number, but there was no statistically significant difference in apical turn. Differences in stria vascularis (SV) changes were statistically significant between the groups, and the median score for SV injury was significantly greater in group 2 than in group 3. Differences in the median scores for SGC changes being significantly greater in group 2 than in group 3. In conclusion, these results indicated that oral administration of PE afforded statistically significant protection to the cochlea in rats from cisplatin toxicity, and thus, oral experimental dose of PE administration may have a protective effect against cisplatin ototoxicity in rats.

Histologic Changes in Eustachian Tube Mucosa of Rats After Exposure to Gastric Reflux

Objective: Reflux is thought to be a risk factor for middle ear disease, but the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of reflux on the eustachian tube (ET) mucosa.

Xanthogranulomatous salpingitis as a rare pathologic aspect of chronic active pelvic inflammatory disease.

Xanthogranulomatous salpingitis (XGS) is a rare form of chronic inflammation of the fallopian tubes. A 41-year old woman with a history of secondary infertility for 2 years is presented. The patient underwent bilateral salpingooopherectomy with presumptive diagnosis of adnexal mass with cystic component. Intraoperative pathology consultation was done. The diagnosis of bilateral XGS associated with chronic active follicular salpingitis was made. XGS is reported to be caused by an unsuccesfully treated pelvic inflammatory disease. Its association with chronic active follicular salpingitis has not been previously reported. Chronic active follicular salpingitis with xanthogranulomatous inflammation might give the impression of a cystic adnexal mass with septations on preoperative pelvic computed tomography. Frozen sections are necessary to rule out malignancy as done in our case.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis: a challenging imitator of bladder cancer.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis is a rare, benign, chronic inflammatory disease of the bladder, mimicking malignancy with unknown etiology. Herein, we report a 57-year-old man who presented with pollakiuria, nocturia, dysuria, left flank pain, and a palpable mass on the right lower abdomen. Computerized tomography demonstrated an obstructing 10-mm stone in the lower third of the left ureter and a 6-cm solid mass on the right at the anterolateral wall of the bladder. The mass presented local perivesical invasion at the anterolateral side. Cystouretroscopy revealed a mass protruding into the bladder cavity with edematous smooth surface. Frozen section analysis of the partial cystectomy specimen could not rule out malignancy. Therefore, radical cystoprostatectomy and ureterolithotomy were performed. Histologically, fibrosis, numerous plasma cells, eosinophils, and, immunohistochemically, CD68-positive epithelioid and foamy macrophages were detected. Localized prostatic adenocarcinoma was also found. The present case of xanthogranulomatous cystitis is the 23rd to be reported in the world literature.

Giant tubular adenoma of the breast: a rare entity.

infiltrate like small nests and strands of tumor cells, which are usually of the signet ring type. This morphology may mimic other primary tumors, i.e., gastric carcinoma. The lack of dysplasia or atypia in adjacent colonic epithelium suggests a metastatic growth. Immunohistochemistry may also be useful in reaching the correct diagnosis. The GCDFP-15 and ER and PgR receptors are usually positive in MBC. Unlike the original tumor, this was also confirmed in our case. Although GI tract metastases are an underdiagnosed complication of BC, we suggest that an alert physician should always suspect this possibility whenever a patient with such a medical history experiences GI symptoms.

Efeitos neurotóxicos de levobupivacaína e fentanil sobre a medula espinhal de ratos

BACKGROUNDnThe purpose of the study was to compare the neurotoxic effects of intrathecally administered levobupivacaine, fentanyl and their mixture on rat spinal cord.nnnMETHODSnIn experiment, there were four groups with medication and a control group. Rats were injected 15μL saline or fentanyl 0.0005μg/15μL, levobupivacaine 0.25%/15μL and fentanyl 0.0005μg+levobupivacaine 0.25%/15μL intrathecally for four days. Hot plate test was performed to assess neurologic function after each injection at 5th, 30th and 60th min. Five days after last lumbal injection, spinal cord sections between the T5 and T6 vertebral levels were obtained for histologic analysis. A score based on subjective assessment of number of eosinophilic neurons - Red neuron - which means irreversible neuronal degeneration. They reflect the approximate number of degenerating neurons present in the affected neuroanatomic areas as follows: 1, none; 2, 1-20%; 3, 21-40%; 4, 41-60%; and 5, 61-100% dead neurons. An overall neuropathologic score was calculated for each rat by summating the pathologic scores for all spinal cord areas examined.nnnRESULTSnIn the results of HPT, comparing the control group, analgesic latency statistically prolonged for all four groups. In neuropathologic investment, the fentanyl and fentanyl+levobupivacaine groups have statistically significant high degenerative neuron counts than control and saline groups.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThese results suggest that, when administered intrathecally in rats, fentanyl and levobupivacaine behave similar for analgesic action, but fentanyl may be neurotoxic for spinal cord. There was no significant degeneration with levobupivacaine, but fentanyl group has had significant degeneration.

Primary Pulmonary Mucinous (Colloid) Adenocarcinoma that Arose in the Cavernomyoplasty Area in a Patient with Tuberculosis: A Rare Case Report.

Primary pulmonary mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinoma is a rare type of lung cancer. Its arising in the cavernomyoplasty area has not been reported before. We here describe a sixty-year-old man with a previous history of multidrug-resistant and surgically-treated tuberculosis who was diagnosed as primary mucinous adenocarcinoma in the cavernomyoplasty site. We discuss the relevant literature on this rare entity.Primary pulmonary mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinoma is a rare type of lung cancer. Its arising in the cavernomyoplasty area has not been reported before. We here describe a sixty-year-old man with a previous history of multidrug-resistant and surgically-treated tuberculosis who was diagnosed as primary mucinous adenocarcinoma in the cavernomyoplasty site. We discuss the relevant literature on this rare entity.