Ahn-Heum Eom

Molecular Identification and Diveristy of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Pinus densiflora in Boeun, Korea

The endophytic fungi were isolated from red pine trees (Pinus densiflora) that were distributed in three sites of Chungbuk, Korea. Twenty fungal isolates were isolated from 16 trees and divided into 8 groups by morphological characters. The fungal isolates were identified using the sequences of ITS region of rDNA; Lophodermium complex, Sydowia polyspora, Hymenula sp., Sistotrema brinkmannii, Septoria pini-thunbergii, Earliella sp. Lophodermium spp. were the most frequently found fungal species the across sites and firstly detected from Pinus species in Korea by molecular work.

Diversity and seasonal variation of endophytic fungi isolated from three conifers in mt. Taehwa, Korea.

Abstract The needled leaves of three conifer species were collected in Mt. Taehwa during different seasons of the year. Total 59 isolates and 19 species of endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves and identified using morphological and molecular characteristics. As a result, Shannon index was different in its host plant; Larix kaempferi had a highest value of species diversity. According to the sampling season, 9 species of 19 species were isolated during fall season. The results suggest that the existing of host plant and sampling season are major factors of distribution of endophytic fungi.

Effect of Organic Farming on Spore Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Glomalin in Soil

In this study, eight soil samples were collected from organic and conventional farms in a central area of South Korea. Spore communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by AMF, were analyzed. Spores of Glomus clarum, G. etunicatum, G. mosseae, G. sp., Acaulospora longula, A. spinosa, Gigaspora margarita, and Paraglomus occultum were identified at the study sites, based on morphological and molecular characteristics. While Acaulospora longula was the most dominant species in soils at organic farms, Paraglomus occultum was the most dominant species in soils at conventional farms. Species diversity and species number in AMF communities found in soils from organic farms were significantly higher than in soils from conventional farms. Glomalin was also extracted from soil samples collected at organic and conventional farms and was analyzed using both Bradford and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The glomalin content in soils from organic farms was significantly higher than in soils from conventional farms. These results indicate that agricultural practices significantly affect AMF abundance and community structure.

Diversity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Korean Ginseng Leaves

Abstract We investigated the diversity of the foliar endophytes of Korean ginseng. Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves of mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and field-cultivated ginseng (FCG) at 4 sites in Chungbuk Province. A total of 24 species of fungal endophytes were identified using molecular approaches. Additionally, the diversity of these endophytic fungi was compared between MCG and FCG. The major isolated endophytes were Edenia gomezpompae and Gibberella moniliformis in the MCG and FCG samples, respectively. The results suggest that ginseng endophytes have different community structures in different environments, and this understanding may prove useful in ginseng cultivation.

Molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from needle leaves of conifers in bohyeon mountain, Korea.

Fungal endophytes are microfungi that live in plants without causing apparent symptoms of infection. This study was conducted to identify endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of coniferous trees in Bohyeon Mountain of Korea. We collected leaves of two species of coniferous trees, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis, from 11 sites in the study area. A total 58 isolates were obtained and identified using molecular and morphological characteristics. Four species of endophytic fungi were isolated from P. densiflora: Lophodermium conigenum, Leotiomycetes sp., Septoria pini-thunbergii, and Polyporales sp., while two fungal species were isolated from P. koraiensis: Eurotiomycetes sp. and Rhytismataceae sp. The most frequently isolated species were L. conigenum and S. pini-thunbergii.

Mycorrhizal symbioses found in roots of fern and its relatives in Korea

Mycorrhizal symbioses were found in the roots of 45 out of 59 species of pteridophytes collected in Korea. The mycorrhizal fungi were colonized in the root cortical cells, primarily in terrestrial species, but rarely in epiphytic or aquatic pteridophytes. Mycorrhizae that are typically found in orchid colonized the roots of the epiphytic pteridophytes, but not in other species. These were the first observations of orchid mycorrhizae in pteridophytes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were examined after staining, then confirmed with PCR, using a specific primer. This is the first report of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of pteridophyte species in Asia.

Identification of Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi Isolated from Five Species of Terrestrial Orchids in Korea

Department of Plant Resources Conservation, Korea National Arboretum, Gyeonggi 487-821, Korea(Received 25, July 2012., Revised 13, July 2012., Accepted 8, September 2012)ABSTRACT: This study was performed to isolate and identify the orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) from rootsof five species of terrestrial orchids in Korea; Cymbidium goeringii, Spiranthes sinensis, Calanthe discolor, Bletillastriata, Pogonia minor. DNA was extracted from isolated OMF and ITS region was amplified using primers, ITS1-OF and ITS4-OF. Four species of OMF belong to Tulasnellaceae and Sebacinaceae were identified; Tulasnellacalospora, Tulasnella irregularis, Tulasnella sp., Sebacina vermifera.KEYWORDS : Cymbidium goeringii, ITS, OMF, Orchid, Sebacinaceae, Tulasnellaceae

Effects of organic farming on communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) roots and soils representing different agricultural management practices such as conventional (CON), no-chemical (NOC), and organic farming systems (ORG) were collected from 32 farm field sites in Kyunggi, Korea to investigate the effects of these agricultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. ORG inoculum significantly increased plant growth compared to inoculum from CON and NOC. A community analysis of AM fungi (AMF) using morphological features of spores revealed that AMF spore abundance and species diversity were significantly higher in ORG than in CON. Additionally, a community analysis of AMF colonizing roots using a molecular technique revealed higher AMF diversity in ORG than in CON. These results suggest that agricultural practices significantly influence AM fungal community structure and mycorrhizal inoculum potential.

Effects of interspecific interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of soybean and corn.

Growth responses of Zea mays and Glycine max to colonization by mixture of combination of three species of arbuscular myeorrhizal (AM) fungi, two species of Glomus and a species of Scutellospora were compared. In Zea mays, plants inoculated with single species of AM fungi showed significantly higher in dry weight than non-myeorrhizal plant for all three AM fungal species. Also, growth of plants inoculated with spores of two species of AM fungi was significantly higher than non- myeorrhizal control except for plants inoculated with two Glomus species. When three species of AM fungi were inoculated, the plants showed the highest growth. In Glycine max, plants with single AM fungal species inoculation were not significantly different in plant growth from nonmyeorrhizal plants. When the plants were inoculated with combination of two or more AM fungal species, their growth significantly increased compared to nonmyeorrhizal plants. In both plant species, myeorrhizal root colonization by Scutellospora species was significantly lower than by Glomus species.

The Effect of Benomyl Treatments on Ginsenosides and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Roots of Panax ginseng

The effects of benomyl treatment on ginsenoside and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in the roots of Panax ginseng that were collected from two sites in Korea were investigated. The ginseng roots that were treated with benomyl showed different species compositions of AM fungi colonizing the ginseng roots, compared to untreated roots. In the analysis of ginsenoside, Rc was significantly higher in benomyl untreated roots than in benomyl treated roots. The results suggest that AM fungal species composition and ginsenosides in ginseng root could be influenced by the benomyl treatment.