Ahunna Onyenwenyi

Systematic Review of the Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence and Detrusor Overactivity among Patients with Neurogenic Overactive Bladder

Background: The prevalence and incidence of neurogenic overactive bladder (nOAB) are poorly defined. This systematic literature review identified nOAB epidemiological data and estimated the incidence and prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and detrusor overactivity (DO) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), Parkinsons disease (PD), stroke and spina bifida. An initial search of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane library was supplemented by an internet search for grey literature and manual searching of the bibliographies of retrieved articles. Additional study selection identified comparable studies for statistical analysis. A descriptive statistical analysis, single-arm meta-analysis and stratified analysis were conducted using predefined criteria. Summary: Initial selection identified 189 articles containing prevalence data. Secondary selection for statistical analysis identified 39 and 52 articles with prevalence of UI and DO, respectively. Random-effect meta-analysis found the prevalence of UI was 50.9% in patients with MS, 52.3% with SCI, 33.1% with PD and 23.6% with stroke. Spina bifida was excluded due to insufficient data. The prevalence of DO may be biased and artificially elevated because it can only be measured with urodynamic investigations. Key Messages: A substantial proportion of patients with neurological conditions develop UI that may be attributable to nOAB.

Surveillance and Treatment of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in the USA

Seventy percent of newly diagnosed bladder cancers are classified as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and are often associated with high rates of recurrence that require lifelong surveillance. Currently available treatment options for NMIBC are associated with toxicities that limit their use, and actual practice patterns vary depending upon physician and patient characteristics. In addition, bladder cancer has a high economic and humanistic burden in the United States (US) population and has been cited as one of the most costly cancers to treat. An unmet need exists for new treatment options associated with fewer complications, better patient compliance, and decreased healthcare costs. Increased prevention of recurrence through greater adherence to evidence-based guidelines and the development of novel therapies could therefore result in substantial savings to the healthcare system.

Characteristics of persons with overactive bladder of presumed neurologic origin: Results from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey

To compare the descriptive epidemiology of overactive bladder (OAB) of presumed neurologic origin (NOAB) to OAB of non‐neurologic origin (N‐NOAB).

Health claims database study of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion treatment patterns in dry eye patients

Background Dry eye is a multifactorial, symptomatic disease associated with ocular surface inflammation and tear film hyperosmolarity. This study was designed to assess patterns of topical cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (Restasis®) use in dry eye patients and determine if there were any differences in use based on whether dry eye is physician-coded as a primary or nonprimary diagnosis. Methods Records for adult patients with a diagnosis of dry eye at an outpatient visit from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009 were selected from Truven Health MarketScan® Research Databases. The primary endpoint was percentage of patients with at least one primary versus no primary dry eye diagnosis who filled a topical cyclosporine prescription. Data analyzed included utilization of topical corticosteroids, oral tetracyclines, and punctal plugs. Results The analysis included 576,416 patients, accounting for 875,692 dry eye outpatient visits: 74.7% were female, 64.2% were ages 40–69 years, and 84.4% had at least one primary dry eye diagnosis. During 2008–2009, 15.9% of dry eye patients with a primary diagnosis versus 6.5% with no primary diagnosis filled at least one cyclosporine prescription. For patients who filled at least one prescription, the mean months’ supply of cyclosporine filled over 12 months was 4.44. Overall, 33.9% of dry eye patients filled a prescription for topical cyclosporine, topical corticosteroid, or oral tetracycline over 2 years. Conclusion Patients with a primary dry eye diagnosis were more likely to fill a topical cyclosporine prescription. Although inflammation is key to the pathophysiology of dry eye, most patients seeing a physician for dry eye may not receive anti-inflammatory therapies.

Acknowledgements to Referees

N. Cicorella, Mantova, Italy R. Cifkova, Prague, Czech Republic R. Cohen, Providence, R.I., USA W.J. Culpepper, Baltimore, Md., USA C. Curioni, Petrópolis, Brazil L.M. de Lau, Rotterdam, The Netherlands V. Demarin*, Zagreb, Croatia M. Dennis, Edinburgh, UK J. de Pedro Cuesta, Madrid, Spain D.A. De Silva, Singapore, Singapore R. De Silva, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka E. De Valck, Brussels, Belgium Y. Doi, Wako, Japan P. Durai, Punjab, India M. Endziniene, Kaunas, Lithuania S. Evans, Springfield, Ill., USA F. Fang, Stockholm, Sweden W. Feng, Charleston, S.C., USA R. Fernandez-Ballestero, Madrid, Spain J.M. Ferro, Lisbon, Portugal J.L. Fisher, Columbus, Ohio, USA H. Flocas, Athens, Greece R.L. Folmer, Portland, Oreg., USA G. Franklin, Seattle, Wash., USA L. Fratiglioni, Stockholm, Sweden G.D. Friedman, Oakland, Calif., USA D. Frydecka, Wroclaw, Poland M.J. Futter, Cape Town, South Africa M. Giroud, Dijon, France W. Grisold, Wien, Austria F. Grodstein, Boston, Mass., USA Q.H. Guo, Shanghai, China W.A. Hauser*, New York, N.Y., USA P. Heuschmann, Münster, Germany R. Hilsabeck, Encino, Calif., USA M. Himle, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA B. Hocking, Camberwell, Vic., Australia E. Hogervorst, Loughborough, UK X. Huang, Hershey, Pa., USA G.G. Iuliano, Salerno, Italy J. Jirsch, Montréal, Qué., Canada L. Abdullah, Sarasota, Fla., USA S. Adamovich, Newark, N.J., USA A. Adem, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates H. Akiyuki*, Chiba, Japan T. Ala, Springfield, Ill., USA M. Alashari, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates S.M. Albert, Pittsburg, Pa., USA A. Ali, Kingston, Jamaica A. Alperovitch, Paris, France M. Alter, Wynnewood, Pa., USA L.-C. Alvaro*, Bilbao, Spain A. Anand, Chandigarh, India C. Armon, Springfield, Ill., USA V.V. Ashraf, Calicut, India A. Barber, Auckland, New Zealand S. Barker-Collo, Auckland, New Zealand L. Batistin, Padua, Italy L. Bayentin, Québec, Qué., Canada B. Baykan, Istanbul, Turkey E. Beghi*, Milano, Italy J. Benito-Leon*, Madrid, Spain J. Berciano, Santander, Spain D. Bereczki, Budapest, Hungary D. Berger, Cortland, N.Y., USA F. Bermejo-Pareja, Madrid, Spain N. Bharucha, Mumbai, India R. Biswas, Bhopal, India F. Bonvicini, Reggio Emilia, Italy G. Boysen*, Copenhagen, Denmark M. Brainin, Krems, Austria A.M. Brickman, New York, N.Y., USA R. Brouns, Antwerp, Belgium N. Cabral, Joinville, Brazil S.F. Cappa*, Milano, Italy A. Carolei, L’Aquila, Italy D. Carpenter, Rensselaer, N.Y., USA T.D. Carter, Melbourne, Vic., Australia J.M. Castellote Olivito, Madrid, Spain H. Chen, Research Triangle Park, N.C., USA A. Chio, Torino, Italy

Contents Vol. 41, 2013

223 3rd International Congress on Neurology and Epidemiology Abu Dhabi, UAE, November 21–23, 2013 Editors: Feigin, V.L. (Auckland); Saadah, M. (Abu Dhabi) (available online only) 221 Acknowledgements to Referees