Airton dos Santos Alonço

Distribuição de sementes de milho e soja em função da velocidade e densidade de semeadura

With the objective to evaluate the distribution of corn and soybean seeds by a precision seeder in function of the displacement speed and seeds density, an experiment was made in track of sand according to international standard. The treatments consisted of the combination among four speeds, three sowing densities for the corn and four for the soybean, being appraised the transversal distribution, longitudinal distribution and final seeds density. It was observed that the elevations of the displacement speed from 3.5 to 7.0km h-1 for the corn and from 4.3 to 11.0km h-1 for the soybean did not reduce significantly the final densities of sowing. The increase in the sowing density from 3 to 7 seeds m-1 for the corn and from 8 to 20 for the soybean reduced the percentile of acceptable spacings for both the cultures, independent of the displacement speed.

Demanda energética e mobilização do solo com o uso de escarificadores em sistemas de semeadura direta

Reduction in sowing period and intensification of production in no-tillage system, promoted an increase in the frequency of the use of machines and implements, causing compaction of soil due to traffic. The compaction, in addition to affecting the development of plant roots, increases the power demand of the implements, justifying the use of chisel plows for soil decompactation. The performance of two chisel plows (Shank + tip), one commercial and one experimental, was evaluated to understand the chiseling (scarification) operation adapted to no-tillage system and compare two chisel plows, using as parameters such as energy and soil variables. The experimental decompactation element performed better in comparison to commercial, in key variables, such as fuel consumption, power and traction force. When installed ahead of descompactation elements the cutting disc did not alter the traction force and reduced the fuel consumption and power. The increase in the speed provided an increase in traction force, power and fuel consumption.

Specific resistance to traction in the operation of simultaneous chiseling of the soil layers

O aumento do trafego de maquinas agricolas maiores e mais robustas agrava a compactacao do solo afetando, direta e indiretamente, a produtividade das culturas. Para solucionar este problema tem-se realizado a escarificacao; contudo, esta operacao apresenta elevada demanda de tracao. Neste contexto e visando a uma operacao de escarificacao mais eficiente, desenvolveu-se e se avaliou uma ferramenta para o rompimento do solo em camadas, de forma simultânea. O experimento foi conduzido no Municipio de Capao Bonito do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, em um solo de textura muito argilosa. Como objetivo geral buscou-se verificar se existe diferenca significativa entre a escarificacao em unica camada ou convencional, e em mais de uma camada, de forma simultânea, considerando-se a resistencia especifica como criterio para tres niveis de velocidade. Foram testadas configuracoes com escarificacao do solo em uma, duas e tres camadas. Em duas camadas simultâneas de 15 cm e distância longitudinal entre as pontas das ponteiras, tanto de 30 quanto de 40 cm observou-se que a escarificacao e aquela realizada em camadas de 10 e avanco de 30 cm, se apresentaram mais promissoras.

Utilização de um veículo aéreo não-tripulado em atividades de imageamento georeferenciado

The aim of this study consisted in developing and testing an alternative procedure for data acquisition, telemetry, monitoring and geo-referencing in agricultural fields. The proposed approach was implemented by placing dedicated electronic gear onboard Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). For this purpose an UAV was assembled at the Federal University in Santa Maria, Brazil and equipped with the required hardware for image and control points acquisition. Tests have shown that the proposed approach can be regarded as a valuable tool to detect areas affected by faulty germination, weed infestation and mapping in general. The tests have also shown that poor quality of the acquired image data was the main drawback in the equipment onboard the UAV, pointing to the need to reevaluate the system with regard to this particular aspect.

Corn gatherer platform investment analysis in reduced spacing: oscillation effect in the productivity, corn and seed price

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade economica do investimento em plataformas colhedoras de milho em espacamento reduzido quanto a aumentos percentuais de produtividade, do preco do milho e da semente. Para tal, foi confeccionado fluxo de caixa diferencial e, a partir desse, determinaram-se a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) e a Razao Beneficio/Custo (B/C) do investimento para as combinacoes de aumentos de produtividade em diferentes niveis tecnologicos. Fez-se analise de sensibilidade para variacoes no preco pago pelo produto e nas despesas com sementes para o indicador Valor Presente Liquido (VPL). Foram consideradas areas de 100 a 300 ha e produtividades de 70; 100; 130 e 160 sc ha-1. Concluiu-se que os acrescimos de produtividade afetam positivamente a TIR e a razao B/C. Quando esses acrescimos sao superiores a 7,5%, o investimento e viavel economicamente na maioria das situacoes analisadas. Variacoes no preco de sementes tem baixo efeito sobre o investimento, e oscilacoes no preco do milho sao toleradas na maioria das situacoes testadas.

Tamanho amostral para ensaios de mecanismos dosadores de sementes de milho em esteira carpetada

Because to the diversity of sample sizes used in performance evaluations of seed metering mechanisms, the objective of this study was to determine the sample size for laboratory experiments with horizontal plate and pneumatic seed meters, and treatment effects in the corn seed distribution. For this, experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions, according to the international standard ISO 7256/1. The treatments comprised a combination of four metering mechanisms (two pneumatic and two horizontal plate) with three sowing speeds, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 m s-1. Methods were used for determining the sample size, sampling intensity and adapted bootstrap. Regarding the distribution of seeds, the meter mechanisms studied show no differences in the regularity of distribution, quality dropped with increasing speed. Referring to the sample size, can be reduced to 103 seed spacing with error level of 5% of the sample mean for the corn, independent of seeding speed and metering system used.

Avaliação técnica de uma máquina para a correção de microrrelevo do solo de áreas destinadas ao cultivo de arroz irrigado

Testing an agricultural machine, is fundamentally the gathering of information with the purpose of taking a decision. It is widely accepted that technological inventions from implicit knowledge in modern agricultural machinery created many benefits to manufacturers, farmers and society in general. With this aim, the prototype of a soil micro-relief correction machine was evaluated, in order to assess its real ability on performing the intended design function. Two treatments were made, in this ware with four passages each. In those plots, land bumpiness was examined before and after the equipment usage. According to the measurements, the test results were considered inadequate for the original machine purpose. From those, suggestions were given to the manufacturer in order to contribute for improvements in machine specifications or even for a newly redesigned, better equipment, taking in mind the need of compliance with operational and safety specifications to really assure its quality.

Nível de conhecimento da simbologia gráfica utilizada para caracterizar comandos e controles de máquinas agrícolas

The present study was carried out from March 2000 to June 2005 by interviewing many people from several parts of Brazil. It was aimed at assessing the level of knowledge on technical graphic symbols used for identification of commands and operation controls, and support in agricultural machines. The main customers involved in the process from the project of the agricultural machine to its use and support were interviewed. Results suggest that the knowledge of the graphic symbols meaning is quite reduced among the main customers involved in the process.

Análise ergonômica do trabalho em atividades desenvolvidas com uma roçadora manual motorizada

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a operacao de rocadoras manuais motorizadas, visto que estas cada vez mais sao usadas nas operacoes de limpeza no meio rural e urbano. Alem disso, procurou-se demonstrar, por meio da analise realizada a campo, que muitas das acoes e metodos utilizados para desenvolver o trabalho contrapoem-se as normas regulamentadoras de seguranca e saude no trabalho. Alerta-se os trabalhadores e empregadores sobre os riscos de acidentes de trabalho e/ou de doencas ocupacionais e sugere-se maneiras mais adequadas para a execucao destas tarefas.

Use of Safety Components to Avoid Accidents With Agricultural Tractors in Public Roads

The market of agricultural tractors has an important role in the Brazilian economy, as well as the role the tractor plays in agricultural operations. With the rising level of mechanization, the traffic of tractors on public roads consequently increased, thus raising the propensity of occurring accidents. In transit, tractors present low traveling speed, besides being wider machines in comparison to cars, besides also presenting low visibility to the other drivers who use the roads. The relevance of studies that point the problems related to this type of traffic accident is related to its severity, in order to seek preventive measures. In this context, this study aimed to address the interface of safety components related to lighting and signaling with the avoidance of accidents involving agricultural tractors on public roads. This way, studies show aspects such as: the road speed limit, as well as its type and width; the number of vehicles and agricultural machinery in circulation; safety components; lighting and signaling items, influence and help to draw a characterization of accidents involving farm machinery. Among the types of accidents, collision and overturning are the most common. Even if the number of accidents with tractors is lower in relation to automotive vehicles, the severity of the accidents is greater, with propensity of 5 to 8 times more deaths. Therefore, the correct use of safety components and items of lighting and signaling on tractors, in addition to the compliance with laws and regulations, may contribute to reducing the number of accidents with agricultural machines on public roads.