Aisha Hassan

Design and evaluation of lightweight IEEE 802.11p-based TDMA MAC method for road side -to-vehicle communications

Wireless vehicular communications (WVC) has been identified as a key technology for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) for a few years ago. IEEE 802.11p is the proposed standard for physical and MAC layer of WVC devices. The main objective of the standard is to change the frame format and increase delay spread tolerance introduced by vehicle mobility, in which the channel bandwidth is scaled from 20 MHz i.e.802.11a to 10 MHz i.e. 802.11p. This paper proposes TDMA technique with fixed time slots and guard band between slots to ensure interoperability between wireless devices communicate in rapidly changing environment where transactions must be completed in small timeframe. The new TDMA sub-layer is proposed to be on-top of the conventional 802.11p MAC. The simulation results present the performance analysis and validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Cluster-based multi-hop vehicular communication with multi-metric optimization

Dead spot and out of coverage problem are serious problems especially in the rural and suburban areas where the network infrastructure is not deployed. In this paper, a new end to end multi hop relay scheme for vehicular communication is proposed to extend the coverage or/and relaxing frequent handoff process. The scheme allows vehicles to continue connected to infrastructure network i.e. UMTS. Relay discovery, relay selection and gateway selection are discussed and examined. The proposed scheme can be implemented on top of any VANET routing protocols. AODV and DSDV were used as underlying protocol to evaluate our scheme. An integrated simulation environment combined of VanetMobiSim and NS2 is used to simulate our proposed scheme. The simplified gateway selection shows the best performance on top of AODV compare to DSDV.

The challenges of wireless internet access in vehicular environments

The economics of currently available broadband access technologies motivate for innovate and deploy new system designs and applications in vehicular communication. The widely available and flexible Wi-Fi technique meets the cost and suitability targets for vehicular applications. To cope with the special requirements of vehicular, amendments of 802.11 standards at the MAC and PHY protocol level has been introduced in IEEE802.11p. IEEE 802.11p is the proposed standard for physical and MAC layer of wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE) devices. The main objective of the new standard is to amend 802.to support vehicle mobility up to 150km/hr and distance 1000km by changing the frame format and increase delay spread tolerance introduced, in which the channel bandwidth is scaled from 20 MHz in 802.11a to 10 MHz in 802.11p. This paper reviews the challenges of wireless internet connectivity in vehicular communication. Transmission range, data handover and security are also covered in the paper. Other related works is reviewed and analyzed as well.

A tracking mechanism using agents for personal mobility in IP networks

This paper presents our ongoing work in developing an agent architecture to support personal mobility in IP networks. In particular, the paper discusses a tracking mechanism that facilitates location management using agents where both host and user mobility is accorded by the network. Towards this end, a multi-layered agent architecture is proposed and this acts as an overlay providing intelligence in an IP-based network. The agent messaging and collaboration provide the necessary signaling and control mechanism for tracking user movement across multiple domains. This represents a departure from traditional methods of providing mobility services where intelligence is normally restricted to end systems. Ultimately, the role of the collaborative agent architecture is to provide an IP-based network with the ability to exhibit dasiaintelligentpsila behaviour i.e. awareness, dynamism and adaptation, in terms of user movement and preferences.

Handwritten Arabic word recognition: A review of common approaches

Automated methods for the recognition of Arabic script are at an early stage compared to their equivalent for the recognition of Latin and Chinese. In this paper, different approaches used for handwritten Arabic word recognition were reviewed. An introduction to the Arabic script is given, followed by a description of algorithms for the process involved: segmentation, feature extraction, classification, and recognition. However, an automatic recognition of text on scanned images has enabled many applications such as words spotting in large volumes of documents, automatic sorting of postal mail, and convenient editing of previously printed documents. The domain of handwriting in the Arabic script presents unique technical challenges and has been addressed more recently than other domains. Many different methods have been proposed and applied to various types of images, and a variety of approaches have been already developed, tested and returned good results. Yet the database used was too small compared to the huge size of Arabic texts, which gives way to other approaches to be developed based on a bigger database. Since handwriting recognition is such a large subject, there is plenty of scope for the work in this field. Finally, a comparison to show pros and cons of the approaches reviewed is conducted.

Medical emergency and healthcare model: Enhancemet with SMS and MMS facilities

The study of the current Malaysian emergency, healthcare and medical information systems shows that they have several drawbacks such as lack of sharing between hospitals, no integration between emergency, healthcare and medical information systems, lack of utilizing real-time and mobility technologies, and stand alone systems. Thus, this paper is to develop a system that integrates medical emergency, healthcare and medical information systems together in order to overcome many of the above problems. The main focus of this work is to incorporate the real-time and mobility technologies with medical emergency systems. It can offer: SMS, MMS, live audio and video coverage of emergency situations, location-based access to emergency situation, wide area coverage, and provides flexibility for the user. A prototype for the model is implemented using open source tools. Samples of implementation results are shown. This project is an essential as it will be the first model in Malaysia that integrates healthcare, medical and emergency systems.

Evaluation of NEMO-based approaches for route optimization

The development of mobile IPv6 protocol marked the first attempt to support mobility of individual devices (hosts) such as laptops, mobile phones and PDAs. However, the recent trend is a drive to support mobility of the entire network (Network Mobility — NEMO). NEMO provides mobility solution based on Mobile Router (MR) concept. The mobile routers maintain session continuity between the Mobile Network Nodes (MNNs) and their Corresponding Nodes (CNs) irrespective of the MRs change of point of attachment. Specifically with NEMO Basic Support protocol, all data packet to or from MNNs must go through the (MR-HA) via bidirectional tunnel (BDT). Thus, the Home Agent (HA) is a critical element for communications between MMNs and its CNs. However, BDT generates sub-optimal and inefficient routing path thereby, increasing the path length and delay. Furthermore, multiple MRs can be connected together (two NEMOs or more) to form nested NEMO, but the network performance suffers the Pinball routing problems, due to different levels of IP encapsulations. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the issues of the Route Optimization (RO). Furthermore, it presents highlights of different scenarios of NEMO RO and analysis of the corresponding proposed solutions.

New automobile monitoring and tracking model: Facilitate model with handhelds

One of the clear facts in the world is the increasing number of cars and other automobiles in term of production as well as theft attempts. There is a big effort done by many international and local companies to produce car security systems, but the result is still less than expectations since the number of car theft cases are still increases. The thieves are developing their capabilities and inventing smarter and stronger stealing techniques which require more powerful security systems. This research project proposes an Automobile Monitoring and Tracking Model to solve this issue. It introduces a powerful security model that can send SMS and MMS to the owner to have fast response especially if the car is nearby. This paper focuses on using MMS and database technology, the picture of the intruder will be sent to user or police. The Database offers the required information about car and owner, which will help police or security authorities in tracking the car using GPS system that can be link to Google Earth and other mapping software. The implementation and testing results show the success of prototype in sending MMS to owner within 40 seconds and receiving acknowledgment to the database (police or security unit) within 3–4 minutes. The timing and results are suitable to owner and police to take suitable action against intruder.

A dynamic approach for location management in IP-based networks

An approach is presented to facilitate location management of mobile hosts using a distributed intelligent architecture. Intelligence is imbued onto an IP-based network as an overlay to provide mobility services. The overlay consists of a three-layered multi-agent architecture that would provide the necessary signaling and control information to support mobility. Dynamism in the network is accomplished through the use of this dasiaagencypsila. This represents a departure from traditional methods of providing mobility services to hosts.

Development of an Enhanced Scheme for NEMO Environment

The frequent change of Mobile Node (MN) location is going to increase rapidly as everything is a mobile presently. In order to achieve seamless mobility, mobility managements are considered as very important. The mobile IPv6 MIPv6 is proposed and standardized by IETF. It is introduced to improve the host mobility management. However, it faces different problems when mobile nodes move between different network infrastructures. To overcome these issues, proxy mobile IPv6 PMIPv6 is introduced. PMIPv6 is a network based mobility management intended to improve handover delay by functioning mobility managements on behalf of mobile node. However, PMIPv6 added additional cost to the network by implementing mobile access gateway and bi-directional tunnel. In addition, network mobility, NEMO standardized as extension to enhance MIPV6 to support session continuity to the Internet services on behalf of mobile network nodes. Nevertheless, there are still issues of packet loss and handover delay during the registration of MNNs and handoff of NEMO. The research within this area is very active, trying to solve these problems by integration of different mobility managements schemes. In this paper, we have focused on evaluating different integrations of mobility managements with NEMO. Then we proposed a BUNSD-LMA scheme, to solve the problem of packet loss and handover delay, by integration of PMIPv6 with NEMO BS, using pre-registration of MNP (HNP) in advance with short time in binding update extensions message option format.