Ajay Verma

Energy evaluation of two on demand routing protocol under stochastic traffic

Energy efficient routing protocols play an important role in MANET mainly due to limited bandwidth and battery power. Route discovery and route maintenance are also the most concern areas in MANET. Many efficient routing protocols have been developed for MANETs over the past few years. They have been analyzed under the CBR traffic. This paper evaluates the energy consumption of two on-demand routing protocols: dynamic source routing (DSR) and ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) under the stochastic traffic (Pareto traffic) in comparison to constant bit rate (CBR) traffic. Energy consumption mainly due to mobility pattern, traffic pattern, area shape, sending rate and number of nodes are evaluated with the help of ns-2 simulator. The simulation results demonstrate the energy consumption behavior of DSR and AODV under different traffic models.

Energy Based Gossip Routing Algorithm for MANETs

MANET is a multi-hop, infrastructureless wireless network where nodes are free to move and have limited bandwidth and battery power. Energy is one of the important parameter for current research area. The aim of this paper is to develop an algorithm that will reduced the energy consumption and overhead of each node and improve the throughput. The algorithm called Energy based Gossip (EBG) routing protocol that derives from the AODV protocol, uses Gossip technique based on the remaining energy of each node. The results of EBG algorithm is compared with AODV protocol by using NS-2 as the simulation tool. The simulation results show that energy consumption due to routing packets and routing overhead reduced can be reduced up to 10% to 30% using the new routing method.

Energy evaluation of proactive and reactive protocol for MANET under ON/OFF source traffic

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a wireless infrastructureless network consists of set of mobile nodes which are free to move in any direction. Energy efficient protocol is the basic requirement for MANET due to limited battery power and bandwidth. MANET routing protocols are mainly classified as Proactive and Reactive protocols. To study the existing protocols, this paper concentrates on the energy consumption of Proactive and Reactive protocols like DSDV and AODV under ON/OFF (Exponential) source traffic rather than CBR source traffic. Total energy consumed by the nodes that are involved in transmission and reception process and the energy consumed due to protocol packets is evaluated in this paper by varying pause time, speed, number of nodes, number of sources, gird area and sending rate. The simulation is done in NS-2 version 2.31. The simulation result gives the behavior of DSDV and AODV under ON/OFF traffic in comparison with CBR traffic.

Wavelet Adaptive Observer Based Control for a Class of Uncertain Time Delay Nonlinear Systems with Input Constraints

This Paper investigates the mean to design the observer and observer based controllers for a class of delayed nonlinear systems with Lipschitz conditions and unknown dynamics subjected to input constraints. A new design approach of full order wavelet based adaptive observer is proposed. Wavelet neural networks (WNN), which are having superior learning capability in comparison to conventional neural networks, are used as system identification tool. Using the feedback control, based on reconstructed states, the behavior of closed loop system is investigated. The fact that the uncertain time delayed system with observer based control converges to the small neighborhood of the origin is established through Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. A numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of theoretical development

Performance Analysis of Energy Constraint Gossip Based Routing Protocol under Stochastic Traffic

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) is a wireless network which does not require any infrastructure and base station for communication. A routing protocol with less energy consumption is one of the main requirements of MANET because of limited bandwidth and battery power of each node. In this paper we have proposed a new algorithm called ECG_AODV (Energy Constraint Gossip based) routing protocol and analyzes its behavior under stochastic traffic. In one of our earlier communication we have analyzed the performance of this new protocol CBR traffic [1]. In the present paper we want to analyze its behavior under stochastic traffic (Pareto traffic) and compare the same with CBR traffic. The protocol works on current energy status of each node and Gossip technique. The simulation result of new protocol is compared with AODV protocol and it is obtained using Network Simulator NS-2 (Version 2.33). The performance parameters are energy consumption, routing overhead and delivery ratio. The simulation result shows that energy consumption and overhead is reduced up to 30%-40% with CBR traffic and 10%-25% with Pareto traffic without affecting the delivery ratio.

Performance evaluation of energy based gossip routing algorithm for on-off source traffic

MANET is a multi-hop, infrastructureless wireless network in which nodes are free to move. Each node has limited battery power and bandwidth. Thus energy parameter plays an important role in the current research interests. Reactive protocols like AODV [4] and DSR [5] uses fl ooding method to forward RREQ packets during route discovery process and RERR (route error) packets during route maintenance process because of which many routing packets are unnecessarily increases which in turn increases the energy consumption of each node.