Akio Shimomura

A Study on the Actual Condition and Trend of the Activities and Organization of Voluntary Tour Guide by Local Residents

As tourism has been changing in recent years, the new style of guide activity “interpretation” (A means of communicating ideas and feelings that helps people enrich their understanding) is becoming more important. It’s the same in Japan, and many challenges to introduce interpretation as a method of guiding activity can be seen. So we have conducted nationwide surveys about the activities and organization of Voluntary tour guide in local areas, which is recently developing remarkably and has the possibility to make interpretation more popular in Japan. It has become clear that Voluntary tour guide has so much diversity and flexibility in the actual condition of organization and activity, that it has been able to be accepted easily by local residents. Therefore, it can play an important role in providing more opportunities for people to take part in regional development. And from the viewpoint of visitors, it can be said that they should be provided with a range of guide activities, so that their individual needs can be appropriately accommodated. To that point, Voluntary tour guide also has the possibility to create a diversity of guided tour settings in the aspect of contents and charge.

A Study on the Characteristics of Park Use at Shinjuku Gyoen According to Age Brackets and the Factor of Selection of Space

本研究は, 多様な利用者に対応した公園計画に資するために, 年齢層別に公園の利用形態と空間選択の要因を明らかにすることを目的とした。分析にあたっては, 同一敷地内に空間形態の異なる複数の庭園をもつ新宿御苑を対象とし, 現地アンケートによって来園者の利用 (年齢, 居住地グループ構成, 利用頻度, 利用時間, 来園目的, 利用空間, 活動内容) に関する調査を行った。そしてクロス集計分析により, 公園の利用形態と年齢層との関係を明らかにした。また空間選択の要因を, 多変量解析 (数量化11類) を用いて, 年齢層, グループ構成, 利用頻度, 活動内容との関連性から総合的に検討.把握した。

Effects of silviculture treatments in a hurricane-damaged forest on carbon storage and emissions in central Hokkaido, Japan

Hurricanes cause abrupt carbon reduction in forests, but silviculture treatment can be an effective means of quickly regenerating and restoring hurricane-damaged sites. This study assessed how silviculture treatments affect carbon balance after hurricane damage in central Hokkaido, Japan. We examined carbon storage in trees and underground vegetation as well as carbon emissions from silviculture operations in 25-year-old stands, where scarification and plantation occurred just after hurricane damage. The amount of carbon stored varied according to silviculture treatment. Among three scarification treatments, a scarified depth of 0 cm (understory vegetation removal) led to the largest amount of carbon stored (64.7 t·ha−1 C). Among four plantation treatments, the largest amount of carbon was stored in a Larix hybrid (L. gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) plantation (80.3 t·ha−1 C). The plantation of Abies sachalinensis was not successful at accumulating carbon (40.5·ha−1 C). The amount of carbon emitted from silviculture operations was 0.05–0.14 t·ha−1 C, and it marginally affected the net carbon balance of the silviculture project. Results indicate that silviculture treatments should be performed in an appropriate way to effectively recover the ability of carbon sequestration in hurricane-damaged forests.

Title A Study on the Pattern of User's Behavior in Shinjyuku Gyoen National Garden Using Handy GPS

Former surveys of the human behavior in the park only focused on the relation between the behavior and the specific areas in the park. But the use of the individual areas seems to contribute less to the image of the park, compared to a series of the use of the whole park. Also, we need many investigators to survey complicated users behavior using conventional investigation method. Although, by using handy GPS, park users tracks can be recorded easily. In summer (2002), autumn (2002), and spring (2003), the survey by handy GPS was carried out in Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden. Therefore, in this study I grasped passage areas of users in Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden by using data of this investigation. It was clear that the pattern of

Historic Consideration about Positioning of Scenic Zone before the WW II

The aim of this study is to consider positioning of The Scenic Zone before the Second World War in Tokyo historically. In 1919 Hiroshi Ikeda drafted The Town Planning and Zoning Act, referring to a German counterpart. The Scenic Zone had many purposes before the war. At first, The Scenic Zone played some roles of National Monuments Save Act. Secondly Tokutaro Kitamura estimated cooperation between The Scenic Zone and The Tokyo Park System in advance. At the same time he thought that he applies The Scenic Zone to substitution for parks in the future. In this way, apart from an original purpose, The Scenic Zone was used variously, making up for other systems and plans which are similar to the Scenic Zone System. This reason was based on diversity of definition of The Scenic Zone. But this diversity became ambiguity as time passes. And ambiguity of definition of The Scenic Zone is one of many problems nowadays. In the future how to position The Scenic Zone and how to use it are important.

A Study on the Relationship between Evaluation of Natural View Landscape and Image of Greenery Amount(PAPERS OF THE 19th SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH MEETING)

景観を評価する際に, 日常的に主体を取り巻く環境の相違等がその評価構造に差異をもたらすことが考えられる。本研究では, 主体の日常的な植物等との視覚的な関りの度合いと, 自然眺望景観に対して懐くイメージの評価構造との関連について調べるため, まず各主体が「現在」「過去」の生活域周辺において懐いている緑量 (「緑量のイメージ」) について調べた。次に, 自然眺望景観を対象としてSD法を用いた評価実験を行い,「緑量のイメージ」の多少との関連についての分析を行った。結果として, 実験に用いた一部の評価尺度と, 主体の評価構造を構成する因子軸の寄与の順序, 度合いについて「緑量のイメージ」との関連が示唆された。

A Study of the Role of the Streetscape for Recognition of the Space Structure of Andong Hahoe Village

The space structure of a village is formed in response by factors, such as geographical environment and social rule, and is recognized as a landscape. In a village, a street is an element which forms space structure, and the landscape which is in sight from a streetscape has played the role which makes the recognition of space structure. The purpose of the study is to clarify the role of streetscape played in recognition of the space structure of Hahoe village in Korea, and to consider the problem with the present landscape management. In result, it classified in four types by the role of the streetscape for recognition of the space structure. The result showed that confusion had arisen with the role of the streetscape for recognition by the change of space structure depended on tourism, and inadequate landscape management.

A Study on Landscape Shaping Process of Yi-Ho Garden in Bejing and on Influence of West Lake Landscape

本研究は, 中国北京頤和園の景観形成の特徴および杭州西湖景観による景観づくりの影響について考察することを目的とした。 研究の方法は, 関連する歴史資料や詩集図絵などの文献を調査し, その景観整備の流れを辿りながら, 地形図及び現地調査による視覚分析を行った。またその結果と杭州西湖の景観構成との比較分析を通して, 頤和園の景観づくりがモデルとしての杭州西湖を参照しつつ, 現地条件に合わせより良い景観が創り出されたことを明らかにした。 参照した点としては, 造成形態, 三層構造及び構造物による景観ポイントの強調の3点があげられた。

The characteristic of use of a play lot built under the Metropolitan Expressway track

Spaces under elevated highway tracks are likely to be given negative images as dark, dirty, and low security spaces. So people tend to stay away from that kind of spaces. Nowadays, people recognize the Metropolitan Expressway (ME) as the negative heritage of rapid economic growth while its underneath spaces are still undeveloped. Therefore, this study tried to make clear the actual condition how people use a play lot built under the ME, on the basis of a survey on existing land use of underneath spaces of the ME along the tracks. Comparing to the ordinary play lot adjacent to the under-ME play lot, play activities were examined by observation, and accesses, frequency of using, staying time and evaluation for the play lot were examined by Questionnaires. As a result, it was observed that a under-ME play lot has some significance as “nitch” spaces where indoors-type activities like card games were remarkable. It can be said that some planning theories dealing with such kinds of usages of play lots or public parks are further needed in highly dense and sterically developed urban environments.

A Study on the Role and Transition of Quantitative Information Used for Preservation Planning of the Biodiversity at National Level

Recently, the approach of the quantitative grasp and evaluation for a biodiversity has been advanced on the international and the national level. Then, in order to contribute to the effective discussion using the quantitative information for the biodiversity conservation policy, we extracted quantitative information had used for The National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan and The Basic Environment Plan. In addition, we tried to arrange the role and the transition of them. As a result, we clarified that in the politics of the national level, the quantitative information for “Situation grasp” and “Situation evaluation” on biodiversity conservation were getting stock, however the quantitative grasp of “Forecast in the future” had not been achieved enough and the information for understanding and evaluating the environment state had not been reflected on the target and the policy evaluation yet. In addition, we suggested the possibilities that plans were given priority in either “Policy assessment” or “Goal settings” by the property difference of them.