Akira Gega

Influences of the Arterial and Venous Pressure Wave on the CSF Pulse Wave

It has been accepted that the main generating force to make the CSF pulse wave originates from the arterial pressure wave since Gerlach (1) and Bering (2). Among many studies, we have been performed the studies on the CSF pulse wave from the standpoint of analyzing wave pattern, and introduced the concept of the carotid arterial pressure wave (CAR) (3) to understand the pattern of the CSF pulse wave, and named the respective component waves of the intraventricular CSF pulse wave (VPW) (4, 5, 6).

Analysis of CSF Pulse Wave of Cats

An attempt was made to monitor the intracranial pressure (ICP) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation through an analysis of the CSF pulse wave.

Shift of Water in the Brain by Intravenously Administered Hypertonic Solutions

Control of intracranial pressure by hypertonic solutions remains an important form of treatment, although a rebound phenomenon may result. The authors studied concentrations of hypertonic solutions in blood and CSF, as well as CSF outflow volume in patients subjected to monitoring of intracranial pressure. This was to analyze changes of intracranial water content during treatment.

The Effects of Electrical Stimulation of VL and Sub-VL on Muscle Tonus

VL and sub-VL were electrically stimulated at 1-mm intervals and the influence on three muscles (anterior tibial muscle, gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle) of the contralateral limb was studied by the method of RE-EMG. The effect of VL and sub-VL stimulation was examined on ether clonus as an indicator of hyperactive muscle, especially for spasticity. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Clonus was apparently suppressed by electrical stimulation in an area (F, 10.0 mm; L, 4.0 mm; D, from +2 to -2; there was especially marked suppression of clonus by stimulation in sub-VL. 2. On electrical stimulation of the lateral third of VL, hypertonicity of anterior tibial muscle (T), hypotonicity of gastrocnemius muscle (G), and also hypotonicity of soleus muscle (S), was observed on stimulation of the middle third, T, G, S, and of the medial third, no effect was observed. 3. Electrical stimulation of the anterior part of VL showed T, G, S, and electrical stimulation of the posterior part of VL showed T, G, S.