Akira Ohashi

Cloud point extraction of iron(III) and vanadium(V) using 8-quinolinol derivatives and Triton X-100 and determination of 10−7 mol dm−3 level iron(III) in riverine water reference by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy

The cloud point extraction behavior of iron(III) and vanadium(V) using 8-quinolinol derivatives (HA) such as 8-quinolinol (HQ), 2-methyl-8-quinolinol (HMQ), 5-butyloxymethyl-8-quinolinol (HO(4)Q), 5-hexyloxymethyl-8-quinolinol (HO(6)Q), and 2-methyl-5-octyloxymethyl-8-quinolinol (HMO(8)Q) and Triton X-100 solution was investigated. Iron(III) was extracted with HA and 4% (v/v) Triton X-100 in the pH range of 1.70-5.44. Above pH 4.0, more than 95% of iron(III) was extracted with HQ, HMQ, and HMO(8)Q. Vanadium(V) was also extracted with HA and 4% (v/v) Triton X-100 in the pH range of 2.07-5.00, and the extractability increased in the following order of HMQ < HQ < HO(4)Q < HO(6)Q. The cloud point extraction was applied to the determination of iron(III) in the riverine water reference by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. When 1.25 x 10(-3)M HMQ and 1% (v/v) Triton X-100 were used, the found values showed a good agreement with the certified ones within the 2% of the R.S.D. Moreover, the effect of an alkyl group on the solubility of 5-alkyloxymethyl-8-quinolinol and 2-methyl-5-alkyloxymethyl-8-quinolinol in 4% (v/v) Triton X-100 at 25 degrees C was also investigated.

Cloud point extraction equilibrium of lanthanum(III), europium(III) and lutetium(III) using di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid and Triton X-100.

The cloud point extraction behaviors of lanthanoids(III) (Ln(III)=La(III), Eu(III) and Lu(III)) with and without di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) using Triton X-100 were investigated. It was suggested that the extraction of Ln(III) into the surfactant-rich phase without added chelating agent was caused by the impurities contained in Triton X-100. The extraction percentage more than 91% for all Ln(III) metals was obtained using 3.0x10(-5)moldm(-3) HDEHP and 2.0% (v/v) Triton X-100. From the equilibrium analysis, it was clarified that Ln(III) was extracted as Ln(DEHP)(3) into the surfactant-rich phase. The extraction constant of Ln(III) with HDEHP and 2.0% (v/v) Triton X-100 were also obtained.

Analysis of the association of cobalt(III) chelates with fluorine-containing phenols in supercritical carbon dioxide

The solubilities of several cobalt(III) chelates (CoL3) with in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) were investigated in the presence of fluorine- and trifluoromethyl-substituted phenols (PhOH) using UV-vis spectrophotometry. Solubility enhancement of CoL3 complexes in SC-CO2 was accomplished by adding PhOH. The association constants for tris(pentane-2,4-dionato)cobalt(III) (Co(acac)3) with various PhOH in SC-CO2 were determined from the relationship between the solubility enhancement and the PhOH concentration for each corresponding phenol. For compounds with no fluorine or trifluoromethyl groups in the ortho position, the association constants decreased as the pKa values of the PhOH compounds increased. In addition, the association constants for the PhOH compounds bearing a fluorine or trifluoromethyl group in the ortho position were less than the values expected based on their pKa values. These results are ascribed to the occurrence of the steric hindrance of the ortho-fluorine or trifluoromethyl group. Furthermore, the association constants for various CoL3 complexes and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenol (BTMP) increased as the basicity of the chelating ligand increased. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters and the numbers of CO2 molecules released upon association of Co(acac)3 and BTMP were calculated using data for the dependence of the association constant on the pressure and temperature.

Analysis of the aggregation of an anionic porphyrin with a cationic surfactant at the supercritical carbon dioxide-water interface using UV-visible external reflection spectrometry.

An external reflection (ER) spectrometric device was developed to directly measure adsorbates at the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2)-water interface. The aggregation of diprotonated species of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphinetetrasulfonic acid (H4tpps(2-)) at the positively charged SC-CO2-water interface, prepared by adsorption by the cetyltrimethylammonium ion (CTA(+)), was studied using this device. Orientations of the H4tpps(2-) monomers and J-aggregates at the SC-CO2-water interface were assessed using s- and p-polarized external reflection (ER) spectra. It appeared that the porphyrin plane of the H4tpps(2-) monomer was nearly parallel to the SC-CO2-water interface, and that the long axis of the rod-like H4tpps(2-) J-aggregate was also nearly parallel to the interface. Dependence of the ER spectra on CTA(+) concentration and CO2 pressure were investigated, and the interfacial CTA(+) concentration was found to cause changes in the interfacial H4tpps(2-) species present. Increasing the CO2 pressure changed the interfacial species from the H4tpps(2-) monomer to the H4tpps(2-) J-aggregate because the interfacial CTA(+) concentration increased as the pressure increased. This suggests that the interfacial chemical species can be changed by controlling the pressure and temperature of the SC-CO2. This is the first report of direct measurements of the chemical species at the SC-CO2-water interface, as far as we know.