Akira Onodera

Synthesis and antirheumatic activity of the metabolites of esonarimod.

We have developed esonarimod, (+/-)-2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, as a new antirheumatic drug. Now we describe herein the preparation of the enantiomers of (+/-)-deacetylesonarimod, the pharmaceutically active metabolites of esonarimod, and comparison of their antirheumatic activities. No significant difference has been observed between the two enantiomers. In a pre-clinical study of esonarimod, other metabolites were detected in rat blood or urine. We also synthesized these compounds as authentic samples to analyze the human metabolites in clinical studies of esonarimod.

In vitro and in vivo Antibacterial Activity and Pharmacokinetics of SC-002 and Its Derivative, SC-004: New Oral Cephalosporins

SC-002 is a novel oral cephalosporin possessing a unique thiadiazolylethenyl moiety at the 3 position. In the present study, it was the most active against gram-positive bacteria among oral cephalosporins such as cefdinir (CFDN), cefpodoxime, cefditoren and cefaclor (CCL). It was equal to or 16 times more active than CFDN against standard and clinical strains. In particular, against clinical isolates of Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenzae, SC-002 was 8–64 times more active than CFDN. The antibacterial activity of SC-002 against some β-lactam-resistant strains was superior to that of CFDN. The in vivo antibacterial activity of SC-004, a pivaloyloxymethyl ester of SC-002, was 1.2–8 times more protective against systemic infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae than that of CFDN. The therapeutic effects of SC-004 on experimental respiratory tract infections caused by S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae were superior to those of CFDN and CCL. SC-004 showed higher and longer-lasting blood levels and higher urinary excretion in pharmacokinetics in mice.

Synthesis of dihydrothiophene derivatives as metabolites of esonarimod

Three compounds with a dihydrothiophene ring were synthesized as authentic samples to analyze human metabolites of Esonarimod, which has been developed as a new antirheumatic drug.

A Practical Procedure for the Synthesis of Esonarimod, (R,S)-2-Acetylthiomethyl-4- (4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic Acid, an Antirheumatic Agent. II

Abstract An efficient large-scale synthesis of Esonarimod, (R,S)-2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (1), a new antirheumatic drug, was established. A small amount of water increased the yield of the Michael addition of thioacetic acid (4) to 2-methylene-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (2) to give 1. Multikilogram amounts of 1 (over 25 kg) were successfully obtained using this procedure. In addition, this procedure was repeated nine times, and reproducible results were obtained. See Ref. [1]

Studies on cephalosporin antibiotics. VI. Synthesis, antibacterial activity and oral efficacy in mice of new 7.BETA.-((Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)-acetamido)-3-(substituted alkylthio)cephalosporins.

A series of new 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamido] cephalosporins (1) having various substituted alkylthio groups at the C-3 position of the cephem nucleus were prepared and evaluated for antibacterial activity and oral absorption in rats. Of these, the cephalosporin with a cyanomethylthio group (1a) showed the greatest activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria. Its pivaloyloxymethyl ester (6a), a representative prodrug, exhibited good in vivo efficacy in mice by oral administration. The structure-activity relationships of 1 are also presented.