Alaa A. Mohamed

Echocardiography of the mitral valve

Mitral valve disease is the second most common valvular heart disease after the aortic valve worldwide. Mitral valve has historically been a structure of interest by pioneers in echocardiography. One of the earliest applications of echocardiography was in the diagnosis of valvular heart disease, particularly mitral stenosis. In this review we wish to take the reader through the structural and hemodynamic evaluation of the normal mitral valve.

Echocardiographic atlas of the mitral regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is defined as the loss of the smooth and adequate trimming closure of the mitral valve, which results in the reflux of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. The functional competence of the mitral valve relies on the proper and coordinated interaction of the following structures: the mitral annulus, and leaflets, chordate tendineae, papillary muscles, left atrium and the left ventricles. This article will describe the echocardiography assessment of the mitral valve regurgitation with special emphasis on the trans-esophageal and 3D echocardiography. The echocardiography images were all original with special attention to the unique surgical view of the images.

Echocardiography in mitral stenosis.

Echocardiography plays a major role in diagnosis, etiology and severity of Mitral Stenosis (MS), analysis of valve anatomy and decision-making for intervention. This technique has also a crucial role to assess consequences of MS and follow up of patients after medical or surgical intervention. In this article we review the role of conventional echocardiography in assessment of mitral stenosis and future direction of this modality using 3D echocardiography.

Primary cardiac synovial sarcoma demonstrated by 3D transesophageal echocardiogram

A 26-year old male patient presented with a 9 month history of progressive shortness of breath, easy fatigability, abdominal distension, and lower limb oedema. He had large bilateral pleural effusion on the chest X ray, right-axis deviation and incomplete right bundle branch block on the ECG. Transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) 2D and 3D showed …

The basics of echocardiography

Cardiac echocardiography is becoming an essential diagnostic tool for a variety of cardiac pathology. Acquiring the necessary knowledge will help non cardiac and the cardiac specialist to understand the echocardiography images and reports and in return will improve the care of the patients. The aim of these of publication is to address the basic knowledge of cardiac echocardiography and the recent advances of its applications.

SHA 73. 3D Transesophgeal echocardiography: Assessment of morphology and function of prosthetic valves

Di-George syndrome. Two patients had interrupted aortic arch. The median age and weight at surgery were 2.9 months (0.70– 33.37 months) and 3.50 kg (2.70–9.80 kg), respectively. Eleven patients (58%) were operated at less than 3 months of age. 12 patients (57%) had tricuspid truncal valve, 3 (20%) had quadricuspid truncal valve and 6 (29%) had bicuspid truncal valve. Nine (47%) patients had truncal valve stenosis and 9 (47%) had truncal valve insufficiency prior to surgery. 15 patient (71.4%) had no regurge post surgical repair. Early and late mortality were 4.7% each. Three patients (14%) required reintervention in the form of conduit balloon dilatation in one and conduit replacement with pulmonary artery plasty in two after two year of the first surgery. All of them are alive and well. Conclusion: TA repair can be done in early infancy with low mortality. Careful follow up is mandatory as some patients may develop stenosis of the RV-PA conduit requiring reintervention.