Alak Roy

Energy Efficient Cluster based routing in MANET

Energy efficient cluster formation of nodes in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) is very important as nodes in MANETs typically operate unattended with a limited power source. Cluster based routing protocols in MANETs must minimize the energy costs in nodes due to message passing during cluster formation. In this paper, we propose a “Signal and Energy Efficient Clustering (SEEC)” algorithm based on signal strength and energy level of nodes in MANET to improve system performance. The algorithm focuses on cluster head formation and maintenance, and prevents death of cluster head by making another cluster node as the cluster head when power level falls below certain threshold value.

AEEMAC: Adaptive energy efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we investigate the available energy-efficient Medium Access Control protocols for wireless sensor networks emphasizing on their energy saving methods and present a simple but effective energy efficient MAC protocol named AEEMAC (Adaptive Energy Efficient MAC protocol). Like SMAC, AEEMAC also employs a duty cycling to save energy by avoiding idle listening, but incorporates three additional optimizations to further improve energy efficiency at MAC layer. These optimizations are — (i) adaptive sleeping and reusing of channel, (ii) use of combined ‘SYNC-RTS’ control packet, and (iii) use of combined ‘ACK-RTS’ control packet in bidirectional and multihop data transmission. The energy efficiency of AEEMAC is demonstrated for single hop as well as multihop scenarios through a detailed simulation study in NS-2. Simulation results show the suitability of AEEMAC in extending network lifetime of WSNs as compared to SMAC.

Effective energy efficient communications in wireless sensor networks for multiplicity of environment

In wireless sensor networks (WSN) cooperative communications can be defined as a potential candidate to conflict the effects of channel fading. Energy efficacy is one of the major issues for WSNs. To increase the transmit energy efficiency, the total energy consumed means the power consumed in the receiving and processing circuitry known as overhead should be minimized. In this paper, we look into consideration such extra overhead, for studying the energy efficacy of two way communications compromise of cooperation in sensor networks. Several parameters are involved here such as the receiving and processing power, the required quality-of-service (QOS), the power amplifier loss, and several other factors. For short distance separation between the source and destination, direct transmission is more energy efficient than relaying.

Selection of communication carrier for underwater wireless sensor networks

Wireless communication in underwater environment is becoming increasingly important and has gained attention as a theme of research. Acoustic communication in underwater environment is the most mature technology for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). This paper presents a brief overview on the basics of underwater communication with communication architecture, including selection of communication carrier for UWSNs. The paper also provides an outline of challenges in building UWSNs. Finally, simulation based experimental results are presented to compare performance of communication carriers emphasizing on their propagation speed.

Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are self-sorted intercommunicating systems shaped by portable hosts, without any settled framework. In MANETs, data transmission requires several hosts linking sender and receiver for effective routing of data packets. The nodes in MANETs have the capacity to move arbitrarily and compose themselves subjectively in the network. This makes the networks more complicated in nature (hence, require an efficient routing protocol to deliver data). There is plenty of routing techniques that are available for MANETs. It is hard to decide efficient protocol for a constrained situation. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of routing protocols that are available in recent literature with classification is given. This paper gives portrayals of the protocols with exchanges of preferences and drawbacks of the various routing protocols. Finally, a simulation-based performance evaluation of the routing is presented to compare their performance based on average throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery fraction in various data rates.

Parking Places Discovery and Reservation Using Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In today’s digital era, to discover a parking places in urban city is a very challenging task due to rapid increases in the number of vehicles. In this situation, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) can help a vehicle to communicate with each other and with road infrastructure. This paper mainly focuses on the on-board unit (OBU)–road side unit (RSU) communication in VANETs. In this paper, we proposed an approach for parking places discovery and reservation for the parking in an urban city. Also, we have implemented a small part of our proposed approach using Network Simulators-2 and present the performance of different routing protocols such as AODV, DSDV, and DSR based on different parameters. Here, we used IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol for simulation results.

Communication based accident avoidance and congestion control mechanism in VANETs

Today in urban areas accident is a big problem that causes loss of human life and property. During an accident sometimes a series of collision happens because the driver of the following car cannot recognize the mishap and take a right decision within a few moments. Traffic congestion on the other hand is a huge trouble which also takes place just after the accident. Vehicles in the accident area get congested, moreover without knowing about the accident, vehicles coming from the other roads make the situation knotty. This affects busy life schedule of human. So keeping those problems in mind, this paper proposes an approach that will be able to avoid series of collision and also can control traffic jam using vehicular Ad-Hoc network (VANETs), which is a network that uses car as mobile node and turns every car into a wireless router or node. We evaluate the performance of routing protocols on the basis of different parameters for different data rates using network simulator 2. Results are then analyzed on these parameters to find the suitable routing and MAC protocol for our approach in vehicular area networks.