Alan S. Milward

Reviews : Alice Teichova, Maurice Lévy-Leboyer, and Helga Nussbaum, eds, Multinational Enterprise in Historical Perspective, Cambridge University Press/Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 1986; x + 396 pp.; £30.00:

Trempd, Les mineurs de Carmaux) to proletarianize peasant-miners by stripping them of their ties with the farm in order to achieve more regular attendance. Nor did high labour turnover and substantial use of immigrant workers in Nord coalmines or m Lorraine prove conducive to this goal. In Lorraine (see G. Noiriel, Longwy: Immigr6s et prolétaires 1880-1980, 1984) employers resorted to a divideand-rule strategy, a sort of industrial apartheid, which offered paternalist privilege to a core of stable French skilled workers from which immigrant Italians were largely excluded. Logical corollaries of such strategies were encouragement of ’yellow’ trade unions (xenophobic and nationalistic) and, in the inter-war