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Featured researches published by Aldo Pinchera.


Journal of Biological Chemistry | 2000

Role of Megalin (gp330) in Transcytosis of Thyroglobulin by Thyroid Cells A NOVEL FUNCTION IN THE CONTROL OF THYROID HORMONE RELEASE

Michele Marinò; Gang Zheng; Luca Chiovato; Aldo Pinchera; Dennis Brown; David Andrews; Robert T. McCluskey

When thyroglobulin (Tg) is endocytosed by thyrocytes and transported to lysosomes, thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) are released. However, some internalized Tg is transcytosed intact into the bloodstream, thereby avoiding proteolytic cleavage. Here we show that megalin (gp330), a Tg receptor on thyroid cells, plays a role in Tg transcytosis. Following incubation with exogenous rat Tg at 37u2009°C, Fisher rat thyroid (FRTL-5) cells, a differentiated thyroid cell line, released T3 into the medium. However, when cells were incubated with Tg plus either of two megalin competitors, T3 release was increased, suggesting that Tg internalized by megalin bypassed the lysosomal pathway, possibly with release of undegraded Tg from cells. To assess this possibility, we performed experiments in which FRTL-5 cells were incubated with either unlabeled or 125I-labeled Tg at 37u2009°C to allow internalization, treated with heparin to remove cell surface-bound Tg, and further incubated at 37u2009°C to allow Tg release. Intact 330-kDa Tg was released into the medium, and the amount released was markedly reduced by megalin competitors. To investigate whether Tg release resulted from transcytosis, we studied FRTL-5 cells cultured as polarized layers with tight junctions on permeable filters in the upper chamber of dual chambered devices. Following the addition of Tg to the upper chamber and incubation at 37u2009°C, intact 330-kDa Tg was found in fluids collected from the lower chamber. The amount recovered was markedly reduced by megalin competitors, indicating that megalin mediates Tg transcytosis. We also studied Tg transcytosis in vivo, using a rat model of goiter induced by aminotriazole, in which increased release of thyrotropin induces massive colloid endocytosis. This was associated with increased megalin expression on thyrocytes and increased serum Tg levels, with reduced serum T3 levels, supporting the conclusion that megalin mediates Tg transcytosis. Tg transcytosis is a novel function of megalin, which usually transports ligands to lysosomes. Megalin-mediated transcytosis may regulate the extent of thyroid hormone release.


Archive | 2009

Thyroid Cancer in Ukraine After the Chernobyl Accident: Incidence, Pathology, Treatment, and Molecular Biology

Mykola Tronko; Tetyana I. Bogdanova; Ilya Likhtarev; Ihor Komisarenko; Andriy Ye. Kovalenko; Valentyn V. Markov; Valery Tereshchenko; Larysa Voskoboynyk; L Zurnadzhy; Victor Shpak; Lyudmyla Gulak; Rossella Elisei; Cristina Romei; Aldo Pinchera

The number of thyroid cancer cases in those who were children and adolescents at the time of the Chernobyl accident is steadily increasing in Ukraine, and 466 newly diagnosed cases were observed in 2006. An estimation of the Clinical-Morphological Register data by age at the time of the accident shows that, for the post-Chernobyl period (1986–2006), 4369 cases of thyroid cancer have been registered in this age group, among which 3170 (72.6%) were children aged 0 to 14 years and 1199 (27.4%) were adolescents aged 15 to 18 years at the time of the accident. As well as in previous years, also in 2005–2006 the highest thyroid cancer incidence was registered in the six most contaminated northern regions of Ukraine. In the cohort of those born in 1968–1986 and operated on in 2005–2006, thyroid cancer was observed only in young adults 19–38 years of age, and more than 90% of these cancers were represented by papillary carcinoma. These tumours were mainly of papillary or papillary-follicular structure and presented with low levels of regional and/or distant metastases. Thyroid cancer incidence among children and adolescents born after the accident was much lower than in appropriate control patients born before the accident. Nevertheless, the pathological features of papillary carcinomas in both groups were similar. Molecular-biological studies showed that RET/PTC1, RET/PTC3 rearrangements and BRAFV600E mutations were detected only in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Unknown RET/PTC rearrangements (RET/PTCX) were observed in both malignant (papillary carcinomas) and benign (follicular adenomas) thyroid tumours. Papillary carcinomas with RET/PTC rearrangements were characterized by more prominent aggressiveness with respect to tumours with BRAF mutation or without any genetic alterations.


L’Endocrinologo | 2010

Correlazione genotipo-fenotipo nelle MEN 2: stato dell’arte dopo 15 anni di conoscenze

Barbara Cosci; Cristina Romei; Valeria Bottici; Giulia Renzini; Aldo Pinchera; Rossella Elisei

RiassuntoLe neoplasie endocrine multiple di tipo 2 (MEN 2) sono sindromi ereditarie trasmesse con carattere autosomico dominante e sono caratterizzate dalla presenza del carcinoma midollare della tiroide (CMT) associato (MEN 2A e MEN 2B) o meno (CMT familiare, CMTF) ad altre patologie endocrine. Queste sindromi sono causate da mutazioni germinali del proto-oncogene RET. Le sindromi MEN 2 sono caratterizzate da una forte correlazione genotipo-fenotipo e una specifica mutazione di RET può essere responsabile di una delle tre sindromi. In particolare è stata osservata un’associazione statisticamente significativa tra le mutazioni al codone 634 (85%), che codifica per una cisteina, e la MEN 2A con presenza di feocromocitoma (FEO) e/o iperparatiroidismo (IPTH), mentre mutazioni ai codoni 609, 611, 618 e 620, anch’essi codificanti per una cisteina, sono presenti solamente nel 10–15% dei casi di MEN 2A. Nella MEN 2A sono state anche descritte altre mutazioni non cisteiniche, quali quelle ai codoni 533, 637, 768, 790, 791, 804 e 891, ma con bassissima frequenza. Le mutazioni non cisteiniche sono invece molto più frequentemente associate al CMTF. Tuttavia in questo caso la relazione genotipo-fenotipo è un po’ meno determinata in quanto le mutazioni di RET associate al CMTF sono variamente distribuite su tutto il gene. Un’associazione invece molto stretta è stata trovata tra la mutazione al codone 918 e la MEN 2B. Gli studi condotti finora hanno dimostrato che esiste anche una stretta correlazione tra il tipo di mutazione del gene RET e le manifestazioni cliniche delle sindromi MEN 2 non solo in termini di relazione genotipo-fenotipo ma anche per quanto riguarda l’aggressività delle neoplasie, in particolare del CMT, e l’età di insorgenza della prima manifestazione clinica. Questa relazione è di notevole importanza pratica nel gestire i familiari portatori della mutazione e non ancora affetti dalla malattia, per i quali deve essere pianificato un percorso diagnostico e terapeutico che, tenendo conto del tipo di mutazione, può essere diverso nelle modalità e nei tempi di attuazione dei controlli.


L’Endocrinologo | 2008

Epatopatia e glucocorticoidi nella oftalmopatia basedowiana: un limite alla terapia?

Maria Antonietta Altea; Eleonora Sisti; Aldo Pinchera; Claudio Marcocci; Michele Marinò

RiassuntoI glucocorticoidi (GC) per via endovenosa (ev) rappresentano lo strumento terapeutico più diffuso ed efficace per l’oftalmopatia basedowiana (OB). Tuttavia, l’osservazione di alcuni casi di danno epatico acuto (DEA) durante o dopo terapia con GC ev ha sollevato importanti interrogativi sulla sicurezza di questo tipo di terapia e sull’opportunità di effettuarla indiscriminatamente in tutti i pazienti con OB in cui sarebbe indicata. Un importante aspetto da considerare è se l’osservazione di DEA durante o dopo terapia con GC ev sia un evento casuale, o da mettere effettivamente in relazione con la terapia. A tale proposito, non esistono studi epidemiologici che consentano di confrontare la frequenza del DEA tra pazienti trattati con GC ev e popolazione generale. In questo articolo abbiamo analizzato in maniera retrospettiva i casi di DEA riportati in letteratura e gli studi su casistica disponibili, allo scopo di valutarne la frequenza e individuarne i possibili predisponenti.


The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | 1965

Thyrotropin and Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator Assays in Thyroid Disease

Aldo Pinchera; Maria G. Pinchera; John B. Stanbury


Archive | 2000

Role of Megalin (gp330) in Transcytosis of Thyroglobulin by Thyroid Cells

Michele Marinò; Gang Zheng; Luca Chiovato; Aldo Pinchera; Dennis Browni; David Andrews; Robert T. McCluskey


Archive | 2002

Cigarette Smoking and Thyroid Eye Disease

Luigi Bartalena; Claudio Marcocci; Aldo Pinchera


15th International & 14th European Congress of Endocrinology | 2012

Frequency of PDE8B gene polymorphisms in patients affected by sporadic and familiar nonautoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism

P. Agretti; E. Ferrarini; Marco G. De; A. Dimida; A. Molinaro; F. Niccolai; Aldo Pinchera; P. Vitti; M. Tonacchera


15th International & 14th European Congress of Endocrinology | 2012

MicroRNA expression profile helps to distinguish benign and malignant thyroid nodules starting from cells of fine needle aspiration

P. Agretti; E. Ferrarini; T. Rago; A. Candelieri; Marco G. De; A. Dimida; F. Niccolai; A. Molinaro; Coscio G. Di; Aldo Pinchera; P. Vitti; M. Tonacchera


Archive | 2011

Radiation-induced thyroid diseases

F Pacini; Rossella Elisei; Aldo Pinchera

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