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Dive into the research topics where Alejandro Zamilpa is active.

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Featured researches published by Alejandro Zamilpa.


Journal of Ethnopharmacology | 2010

Inhibition of angiotensin convertin enzyme (ACE) activity by the anthocyanins delphinidin- and cyanidin-3-O-sambubiosides from Hibiscus sabdariffa

Deyanira Ojeda; Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer; Alejandro Zamilpa; Armando Herrera-Arellano; Jaime Tortoriello; Laura Alvarez

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The beverages of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces are widely used in Mexico as diuretic, for treating gastrointestinal disorders, liver diseases, fever, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Different works have demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts reduce blood pressure in humans, and recently, we demonstrated that this effect is due to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activity. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the current study was to isolate and characterizer the constituents responsible of the ACE activity of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay-guided fractionation of the aqueous extract of dried calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa using preparative reversed-phase HPLC, and the in vitro ACE Inhibition assay, as biological monitor model, were used for the isolation. The isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. RESULTS The anthocyanins delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (1) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (2) were isolated by bioassay-guided purification. These compounds showed IC(50) values (84.5 and 68.4 microg/mL, respectively), which are similar to those obtained by related flavonoid glycosides. Kinetic determinations suggested that these compounds inhibit the enzyme activity by competing with the substrate for the active site. CONCLUSIONS The competitive ACE inhibitor activity of the anthocyanins 1 and 2 is reported for the first time. This activity is in good agreement with the folk medicinal use of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces as antihypertensive.


Journal of Ethnopharmacology | 2008

Flavonoids from Tilia americana with anxiolytic activity in plus-maze test

Maribel Herrera-Ruiz; Rubén Román-Ramos; Alejandro Zamilpa; Jaime Tortoriello; J. Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer

The aerial parts of Tilia americana var. mexicana (Schltdl) Hardin (Tiliaceae) have been widely used in Mexican traditional medicine to relieve sleeplessness, headache, and nervous excitement. The anxiolytic effect of four extracts and several flavonoid fractions from the bracts of Tilia americana subsp.mexicana, var. mexicana (Schltdl) Hardin or Tilia mexicana (Tiliaceae) was studied. Administration of 100mg/kg of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts to elevated plus-maze (EPM)-exposed mice displayed no anxiolytic effect; however, identical doses of methanol extract was able to increase the time percentage that mice spent in the EPMs open arms, as well as the percentage of crossings in the EPMs arms. The dose-response curve produced by methanol extract showed anxiolytic activity since 25mg/kg; animals showed no motor activity alteration in the open field test (OFT). Methanol extract was subjected to a bioassay-guided fractionation to obtain four ascendant polarity fractions (F1-F4) which were administrated at 100mg/kg. Data results indicate that F1 displayed the main anxiolytic effect. The purification of F1 produced a rich flavonoid anxiolytic mixture (F1C). This fraction was purified by RP-18 open chromatographic column to obtain four polar descent fractions: F1C(1), F1C(2), F1C(3), and F1C(4), respectively. Tiliroside was the major ingredient from the active fraction. High performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that F1C was constituted principally of tiliroside, quercetin, quercitrin, kaempherol, and their glycosides. These results supported the use of Tilia americana in Mexican traditional medicine as well as the anxiolytic effect of a rich flavonoid fraction without affect motor activity.


The American Journal of Chinese Medicine | 2007

Effect of a Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Aloe vera Gel on Experimentally Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice

Yolanda Y. Pérez; Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer; Alejandro Zamilpa; Marcelino Hernández-Valencia; F.J. Alarcon-Aguilar; Jaime Tortoriello; Rubén Román-Ramos

Insulin resistance, which precedes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a widespread pathology associated with the metabolic syndrome, myocardial ischemia, and hypertension. Finding an adequate treatment for this pathology is an important goal in medicine. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of an extract from Aloe vera gel containing a high concentration of polyphenols on experimentally induced insulin resistance in mice. A polyphenol-rich Aloe vera extract (350 mg/kg) with known concentrations of aloin (181.7 mg/g) and aloe-emodin (3.6 mg/g) was administered orally for a period of 4 weeks to insulin resistant ICR mice. Pioglitazone (50 mg/kg) and bi-distilled water were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Body weight, food intake, and plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose were measured and insulin tolerance tests were performed. The insulin resistance value was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Results showed that the polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera was able to decrease significantly both body weight (p < 0.008) and blood glucose levels (p < 0.005) and to protect animals against unfavorable results on HOMA-IR, which was observed in the negative control group. The highest glucose levels during the insulin tolerance curve test were in the negative control group when compared to the Aloe vera extract and pioglitazone treated mice (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Aloe vera gel could be effective for the control of insulin resistance.


Phytomedicine | 2011

Antidepressant effect and pharmacological evaluation of standardized extract of flavonoids from Byrsonima crassifolia.

Maribel Herrera-Ruiz; Alejandro Zamilpa; Manasés González-Cortazar; Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa; E. León; M.P. García; Jaime Tortoriello; Maira Huerta-Reyes

Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae) has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of some mental-related diseases; however, its specific neuropharmacological activities remain to be defined. The present study evaluates the anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, sedative effects produced by the extracts of Byrsonima crassifolia, and their influence on motor activity in ICR mice. Additionally, we determine the acute toxicity profiles of the Byrsonima crassifolia extracts and the presence of neuroactive constituents. Our results show that the methanolic extract of Byrsonima crassifolia produces a significant (P<0.05) antidepressant effect in the forced swimming test in mice at 500 mg/kg dose. However, it does not possess anxiolytic, sedative, or anticonvulsant properties, and does not cause a reduction of mice locomotion (P>0.05). Although the main compound of the methanolic extract was identified as quercetin 3-O-xyloside (12 mg/kg), our findings suggest that flavonoids, such as rutin (4.4 mg/kg), quercetin (1.4 mg/kg) and hesperidin (0.7 mg/kg), may be involved in the antidepressant effects. To the best of our knowledge, the present study constitutes the first report on the presence of the flavonoids with neuropharmacological activity rutin and hesperidin in Byrsonima crassifolia. In conclusion, the present results showed that the methanolic extract standardized on flavonoids content of Byrsonima crassifolia possesses potential antidepressant-like effects in the FST in mice, and could be considered as relatively safe toxicologically with no deaths of mice when orally administered at 2000 mg/kg.


Journal of Ethnopharmacology | 2010

Citrus limetta leaves extract antagonizes the hypertensive effect of angiotensin II

Yolanda Y. Pérez; Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer; Daniel F. Alonso; Carol A. Botello-Amaro; Alejandro Zamilpa

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrus limetta Risso (Rutaceae) is widely used in Mexico for healing purposes, among them as antihypertensive treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the antihypertensive effect of C. limetta leaves as one of its ethnomedical uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acute response of blood pressure to angiotensin II administration was measured in mice. Additionally, the acute oral toxicity profiles were determined. RESULTS The findings of the current investigation showed that different concentrations of the aqueous extract prevented the raise of systolic blood pressure (p< or =0.001 vs. vehicle), diastolic blood pressure (p< or =0.0002 vs. vehicle) and mean blood pressure (p< or =0.0000 vs. vehicle); with a dose dependent effect for diastolic pressures at 125-500mg/kg dosages. The 500 and 1000mg/kg doses inhibited the action of Ang II in similar extent to telmisartan. Toxic signs or deaths were not observed in mice treated at 2000mg/kg of C. limetta extract. CONCLUSIONS All doses of C. limetta aqueous extract, used in this assay, were safe and effective.


Journal of Ethnopharmacology | 2013

In vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activities of extracts from wild growing and in vitro plants of Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae).

Paul Mauricio Sanchez; María Luisa Villarreal; Maribel Herrera-Ruiz; Alejandro Zamilpa; Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer; Gabriela Trejo-Tapia

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae) is a perennial shrub used since the 16(th) century in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of a number of health disorders including inflammation, stomach pain and tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activities of ethyl acetate (EaE), methanol (ME) and aqueous extracts (AE) of Castilleja tenuiflora wild grown (CtW) and in vitro plants (CtIv). MATERIAL AND METHOD Phytochemical analysis of the phenylethanoid glycoside (PhG) and iridoid glycoside (IG) components was carried out by chromatographic methods. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the extracts was evaluated in the following four carcinoma cell lines: colon (HF-6), breast (MCF-7), prostate (PC-3), and nasopharyngeal (KB). The topical anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in mouse ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Anti-ulcerogenic activity was evaluated in rats using an absolute ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer model. RESULTS The main compounds in the extracts were isoverbascoside, verbascoside and aucubin and their concentration depended both on the solvent used and on the plant material origin. None of the extracts showed cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines. In contrast, CtWEaE, CtWAE and CtIvEaE (1.6 mg/ear) showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity similar to dexamethasone (1 mg/ear) with a 38.2, 39.3 and 49.1% decrease of inflammation, respectively. CtWEaE and CtIvEaE (100 mg/kg) showed high anti-ulcerogenic activity with 88.3 and 83.1% inhibition, respectively, compared to famotidine (20 mg/kg, 32.8% inhibition). CONCLUSION Castilleja tenuiflora extracts provided significant gastric protection in an acute ulcer induction model and topical anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse ear edema model. These activities are related to verbascoside and may explain the traditional use of Castilleja tenuiflora in the treatment of anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal disorders. Cultured Castilleja tenuiflora plants (in vitro) exhibited pharmacological activities and also have the potential to produce bioactive compounds.


Molecules | 2012

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Hautriwaic Acid Isolated from Dodonaea viscosa Leaves

David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez; Maribel Herrera-Ruiz; Salud Pérez; Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer; Alejandro Zamilpa

The aim of this study was to identify an anti-inflammatory compound from D. viscosa leaves. The structure of this bioactive substance was elucidated by IR and NMR studies, which indicated that this natural product corresponds to hautriwaic acid (HA). This diterpene exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) mice ear edema models by applications at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ear (60.2, 70.2 and 87.1% inhibition, respectively); additionally Dodonaea viscosa dichloro-methane extract (DvDE) displays a 97.8% anti-inflammatory effect at 3 mg/kg. Multiple applications of DvDE at doses of 100 mg/kg on TPA mice ear edema inhibited the edema-associated inflammation by 71.8%, while HA at doses of 15 mg/kg, reduced edema to 64% and indomethacin 40%.


Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 2012

In vitro screening of medicinal plants used in Mexico as antidiabetics with glucosidase and lipase inhibitory activities.

Guillermo Ramírez; Miguel Zavala; Julia Pérez; Alejandro Zamilpa

This work shows the inhibitory effect on glucosidase and lipase enzymes of 23 medicinal plants described as traditional treatments for diabetes in several Mexican sources. Hydroalcoholic extracts of selected plants were evaluated at 1 mg/mL for glucosidase and 0.25 mg/mL for lipase inhibitory activities, respectively. Camellia sinensis, acarbose, and orlistat were used as positive controls. Dose-response curves were done with the most active species. Sixty percent of all tested extracts inhibited more than 25% of α-glucosidase activity. C. sinensis displayed an inhibition of 85% (IC50 = 299 μg/mL), while Ludwigia octovalvis and Iostephane heterophylla showed the highest inhibition (82.7 %, IC50 = 202 μg/mL and 60.6%, CI50 = 509 μg/mL, resp.). With respect to lipase activity, L. octovalvis and Tecoma stans were the most inhibiting treatments (31.4%, IC50 = 288 μg/mL; 27.2%, IC50 = 320 μg/mL), while C. sinensis displayed 45% inhibition (IC50 = 310 μg/mL). These results indicate that a high proportion of plants used in Mexico as treatment for diabetes displays significant inhibition of these digestive enzymes.


Molecules | 2013

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Agave Plants and the Compound Cantalasaponin-1

Nayeli Monterrosas-Brisson; Martha Lucía Arenas Ocampo; Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer; Antonio Jiménez-Aparicio; Alejandro Zamilpa; Manasés González-Cortazar; Jaime Tortoriello; Maribel Herrera-Ruiz

Species of the agave genus, such as Agave tequilana, Agave angustifolia and Agave americana are used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat inflammation-associated conditions. These plants’ leaves contain saponin compounds which show anti-inflammatory properties in different models. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory capacity of these plants, identify which is the most active, and isolate the active compound by a bio-directed fractionation using the ear edema induced in mice with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) technique. A dose of 6 mg/ear of acetone extract from the three agave species induced anti-inflammatory effects, however, the one from A. americana proved to be the most active. Different fractions of this species showed biological activity. Finally the F5 fraction at 2.0 mg/ear induced an inhibition of 85.6%. We identified one compound in this fraction as (25R)-5α-spirostan-3β,6α,23α-triol-3,6-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (cantalasaponin-1) through 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral analysis and two dimensional experiments like DEPT NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC. This steroidal glycoside showed a dose dependent effect of up to 90% of ear edema inhibition at the highest dose of 1.5 mg/ear.


Planta Medica | 2008

Double-Blind Clinical Trial for Evaluating the Effectiveness and Tolerability of Ageratina pichinchensis Extract on Patients with Mild to Moderate Onychomycosis. A Comparative Study with Ciclopirox

Ofelia Romero-Cerecero; Alejandro Zamilpa; Jesús Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer; Gabriela Rojas-Bribiesca; Rubén Román-Ramos; Jaime Tortoriello

Aerial parts of AGERATINA PICHINCHENSIS have been used, in Mexican traditional medicine, as a remedy for the treatment of skin mycosis. Onychomycosis, also known as tinea of the nails or tinea unguium, constitutes an infection of the nails produced by dermatophytes. Clinically, onychomycosis is manifested by changes on the color, texture and thickness of the nail. The agent most frequently found in this disease is TRICOPHYTON RUBRUM. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability of topical administration of A. PICHINCHENSIS extract on the nails of patients with the clinical and mycological diagnosis of onychomycosis. A phytopharmaceutical formulation was developed in a lacquer solution containing the standardized (encecalin) extract of A. PICHINCHENSIS. A similar lacquer solution containing 8 % ciclopirox was used as control. Treatments were assigned randomly and administered topically for 6 months. Ninety six patients concluded the study (49 in the experimental group and 47 in the control); 71.1 % of patients from the experimental and 80.9 % from the control group showed therapeutic effectiveness, while 59.1 % and 63.8 % from the experimental and control group, respectively, achieved mycological effectiveness. Therapeutic success was observed in 55.1 and 63.8 %, respectively. No patient exhibited intense side effects. Statistical analysis demonstrated no differences between treatments.

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Jaime Tortoriello

Mexican Social Security Institute

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Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer

Mexican Social Security Institute

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Maribel Herrera-Ruiz

Mexican Social Security Institute

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Manasés González-Cortazar

Mexican Social Security Institute

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Laura Alvarez

Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos

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Armando Herrera-Arellano

Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos

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Ofelia Romero-Cerecero

Mexican Social Security Institute

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Rubén Román-Ramos

Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana

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Gabriela Trejo-Tapia

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

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