Aleksander Orłowski

Multicriteria decision analysis in ranking of analytical procedures for aldrin determination in water

The study presents the possibility of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) application when choosing analytical procedures with low environmental impact. A type of MCDA, Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE), was chosen as versatile tool that meets all the analytical chemists--decision makers requirements. Twenty five analytical procedures for aldrin determination in water samples (as an example) were selected as input alternatives to MCDA analysis. Nine different criteria describing the alternatives were chosen from different groups--metrological, economical and the most importantly--environmental impact. The weights for each criterion were obtained from questionnaires that were sent to experts, giving three different scenarios for MCDA results. The results of analysis show that PROMETHEE is very promising tool to choose the analytical procedure with respect to its greenness. The rankings for all three scenarios placed solid phase microextraction and liquid phase microextraction--based procedures high, while liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction--based procedures were placed low in the ranking. The results show that although some of the experts do not intentionally choose green analytical chemistry procedures, their MCDA choice is in accordance with green chemistry principles. The PROMETHEE ranking results were compared with more widely accepted green analytical chemistry tools--NEMI and Eco-Scale. As PROMETHEE involved more different factors than NEMI, the assessment results were only weakly correlated. Oppositely, the results of Eco-Scale assessment were well-correlated as both methodologies involved similar criteria of assessment.

Green analytical chemistry introduction to chloropropanols determination at no economic and analytical performance costs

In this study we perform ranking of analytical procedures for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol determination in soy sauces by PROMETHEE method. Multicriteria decision analysis was performed for three different scenarios - metrological, economic and environmental, by application of different weights to decision making criteria. All three scenarios indicate capillary electrophoresis-based procedure as the most preferable. Apart from that the details of ranking results differ for these three scenarios. The second run of rankings was done for scenarios that include metrological, economic and environmental criteria only, neglecting others. These results show that green analytical chemistry-based selection correlates with economic, while there is no correlation with metrological ones. This is an implication that green analytical chemistry can be brought into laboratories without analytical performance costs and it is even supported by economic reasons.

Conceptual fuzzy model of the polish internet mortgage market

The aim of this paper is to present the conceptual structure of basic fuzzy model representing the Polish Internet mortgage market. The paper starts with an introduction describing the market complexities and challenges, and description of previously created rule based model. Then the steps of the process of proposed model fuzzyfication are presented. Final part of the paper consists of conclusions and directions for future research.

Assessment and Optimization of Air Monitoring Network for Smart Cities with Multicriteria Decision Analysis

Environmental monitoring networks need to be designed in efficient way, to minimize costs and maximize the information granted by their operation. Gathering data from monitoring stations is also the essence of Smart Cities. Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring in the Gdansk Metropolitan Area (pol. ARMAAG) was assessed in terms of its efficiency to obtain variety of information. The results on one-month average concentrations of seven parameters (data for three years) for eight monitoring stations were the input data to multicriteria decision analysis assessment and the least effective was detected.

Ontology of the Design Pattern Language for Smart Cities Systems

The paper presents the definition of the design pattern language of Smart Cities in the form of an ontology. Since the implementation of a Smart City system is difficult, expensive and closely linked with the problems concerning a given city, the knowledge acquired during a single implementation is extremely valuable. The language we defined supports the management of such knowledge as it allows for the expression of a solution which, based on best practices recorded in the form of design patterns, is also tailored to the requirements of the city seeking to implement the Smart City solution. The formal/ontological structure of the language in turn allows the automatic management of the properties of a solution recorded in this way. This final feature of the introduced language is extremely important in the decision-making process regarding the choice of a particular solution by the relevant authorities. The work is divided into five main parts. In the first part we discuss the implementation issue of the integration bus using the example of the IOC. In the next part we talk about the validity of using semantic technologies in order to expand the spectrum of potential implementations. Then we discuss the ontological implementation of the Smart City pattern language which we created, a language which allows for both the saving of requirements and the validation of solutions specified in it. We also present an example of usage, which at the same time serves as a validation of the language in real-life conditions. In the last part we discuss certain aspects of the pattern language and the possible ways to develop research related to it.

Implementation of Business Processes in Smart Cities Technology

The goal of the paper is to present the results of studies concerning the development of a method of implementation of business processes in Smart Cities systems. The method has been developed during studies carried out within the building of a Smart Cities system for Gdansk, and is based on basic development project management mechanisms drawing from best practices, and in particular from the RUP methodology and business-oriented development principles, where the role of business process modeling is crucial for the implementation of functionalities of IT systems.

TOWARD A FUZZY MODEL OF POLISH INTERNET MORTGAGE MARKET

This article presents our continuing efforts to develop a model of the Internet-based mortgage market in Poland. It sums up modeling research done over the last 4 years, also showing the stages and the process of building and verifying the proposed model consisting of three submodels. The submodels are described for three market situations; that is, a stable market, financial crisis, and economic boom. The proposed model variables are analyzed statistically and the submodels are verified. The article presents the most current stage of model development and concludes with suggestions for further research in this area leading to the ultimate application of the proposed model in a real-life prognosis process.

The role and concept of sub-models in the smart fuzzy model of the internet mortgage market

The paper introduces some challenges of the fast growing mortgage market in Poland. One of these challenges is the need for a model development that could be used for various predictions related to this market. At the current stage of the model development process our main goal is to propose and introduce sub-models the role of which would be to describe three different economic environments: stable, fast growing, and recession. After proposing the above three sub-models the paper concludes with directions of further research in this area.

Model of an Integration Bus of Data and Ontologies of Smart Cities Processes

This paper presents a model of an integration bus used in the design of Smart Cities system architectures. The model of such a bus becomes necessary when designing high-level architectures, within which the silo processes of the organization should be seen from the perspective of its ontology. For such a bus to be used by any city, a generic solution was proposed which can be implemented as a whole or in part depending on the requirements posed by those cities with respect to the construction of such buses. The work is divided into four main parts. The first part presents a model of high-level architectural design processes, using ontologies and a data integration bus, which constitutes the generalized experiences of the authors drawn from the design processes of Smart Cities systems. The second part contains a description of the environment in which Smart Cities systems are developed, illustrated with two guidelines and the implementation processes of these guidelines. In the third part, two components of that environment are identified: the data integration bus and the ontologies of city processes. This is done to demonstrate how Smart Cities systems are designed and to show the processes of the permeation of data and the ontologies of city processes in the creation of a high-level architecture. The fourth section contains a description of how the proposed model is applied in the construction of a common integration bus for data and ontologies. The paper summary presents recommendations concerning the applicability of the proposed model.

Smart Cities System Design Method Based on Case Based Reasoning

The objective of this paper is to present the results of research carried out to develop a design method for Smart Cities systems. The method is based on the analysis of design cases of Smart Cities systems in cities, the selection of the city appropriate to the requirements for implementation and application. The Case Based Reasoning method was used to develop the proposed design methodology, along with mechanisms of the conversion of project processes and roles to Rational Unified Processes RUP. The prerequisite for the proposed method is that the enterprise manager must be knowledgeable about high-level Smart Cities system architecture and the design framework applied. The authors, being themselves knowledgeable about architecture of this kind and about project environments which implement KPI models, propose a generic solution applicable to any environments and system architectures.