Aleksandr N. Aleinik

Development of the device for study of the skin characteristics

The skin is the largest organ of the human body that performs many specialized functions. The main kind of the skin study is histological analysis, so the development of noninvasive methods for investigating the characteristics of the skin is very important. For a more detailed study of the skin the combined infrared spectroscopy and bioimpedance method has been proposed so that to examine the structure of the skin in more detail.

Bioimpedance spectroscopy for clinical assessment of tissues and the irradiated cancer tumors

Cancer cells exhibit altered local dielectric properties compared to normal cells because of the difference in shape, size and orientation. These properties are measurable as a difference in electrical conductance using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Electrical impedance is one of the most often used parameters for characterizing material properties, especially in biomedical applications. Electrical impedance spectroscopy used for revealing both resistive and capacitive characteristics, is good for use in tissue characterization. In this study, the electrical impedance spectroscopy system is used to assess subjects with healthy knee and with osteoarthritis knee and tissues following irradiation. From the experimental results, it is clear that the electrical properties, based on curve analysis, demonstrated good detection performance. The electrical parameters of the tissues could be used to distinguish the tissues status. Changes in electrical properties at different frequency rate reveal that there exist differences between conductivity of non-irradiated and irradiated tissues.

Device for Investigation of Mechanical Tension of Isolated Smooth Muscle Vessels and Airway Segments of Animals

For the purpose of testing and the search for new drug compounds, designed to heal many human diseases, it is necessary to investigate the deformation of experimental tissue samples under influence of these drugs. For this task a precision force sensor for measuring the mechanical tension, produced by isolated ring segments of blood vessels and airways was created. The hardware and software systems for the study of changes in contractile responses of the airway smooth muscles and blood vessels of experimental animals was developed.

Development of an oximeter for neurology

Cerebral desaturation can occur during surgery manipulation, whereas other parameters vary insignificantly. Prolonged intervals of cerebral anoxia can cause serious damage to the nervous system. Commonly used method for measurement of cerebral blood flow uses invasive catheters. Other techniques include single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tomographic methods frequently use isotope administration, that may result in anaphylactic reactions to contrast media and associated nerve diseases. Moreover, the high cost and the need for continuous monitoring make it difficult to apply these techniques in clinical practice. Cerebral oximetry is a method for measuring oxygen saturation using infrared spectrometry. Moreover reflection pulse oximetry can detect sudden changes in sympathetic tone. For this purpose the reflectance pulse oximeter for use in neurology is developed. Reflectance oximeter has a definite advantage as it can be used to measure oxygen saturation in any part of the body. Preliminary results indicate that the device has a good resolution and high reliability. Modern applied schematics have improved device characteristics compared with existing ones.

Development and research of reflectance pulse oximeter

Pulse oximeters are used extensively in clinical practice. Reflectance oximeter is designed to determine arterial oxygen saturation. Oximeter of this type allows to measure anywhere in the body. Preliminary results indicate that the device has a good resolution and high reliability, and also allows to determine the pulse rate.