Alessandro Antônio Costa Pereira

In vivo qualitative analysis of the biocompatibility of different cyanoacrylate-based adhesives

Cyanocrylates have been widely used in the medical and dental fields for several years. In Dentistry, cyanoacrylates have been used for suturing, pulp capping, as retrofilling material in endodontic surgeries, and as cervical plug for pulpless teeth bleaching. The biocompatibility of these adhesives has been the topic of many researches and subcutaneous implantation is an effective methodology for these studies. The present study evaluated the biocompatibility of three different cyanoacrylate-based adhesives. Thirty-six Wistar rats were used, divided into four groups of 9 animals each: A (control)--distilled water, B--cyanoacrylate ester (Super Bonder), C - n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) and D--alpha-cyanoacrylate (Three Bond). The materials were dispensed in sponges of polyvinyl chloride, the animals were incised and the sponges were inserted in the subcutaneous tissue and sutured. Each group was sub-divided according to the time of sacrifice of the animals: 7, 21 and 45 days. Subjective analysis of the histologic material showed that all groups presented some degree of irritability, but the inflammatory reaction decreased with the experimental time in all groups. Group D showed an inflammatory reaction which was closer to that of the control group and was considered to have good biocompatibility. Groups B and C were similar and presented more aggressive inflammatory reactions when compared to the control group. Based on the results, it was concluded that alpha-cyanoacrylate (Three Bond) was the most biocompatible adhesive because it caused the lowest levels of inflammation.

Bovine serum albumin nanoparticle vaccine reduces lung pathology induced by live Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic human pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised patients and also in cystic fibrosis patients. The aim of this work was to study if a bovine serum albumin nanoparticles with entrapped antigens extracted from P. aeruginosa would be able to protect mice from nasal infection by this pathogen. Mice were immunized via the subcutaneous route using P. aeruginosa antigens, empty nanoparticles or nanoparticles with entrapped P. aeruginosa antigens on days 0, 7 and 14. The total IgG antibody production and specific IgG1 and IgG2a titer were measured by ELISA. Immunized mice were challenged with live P. aeruginosa and their lungs were collected for histopathology studies. Our data showed that NPPa-vaccinated mice presented a high anti-Pseudomonas IgG1 and a low IgG2a antibody titles and decreased inflammatory signs, with significant reduction in intensity and concentration of inflammatory cells, lower hemorrhagic, edema and hyperemia signs in the lungs of challenge mice with live P. aeruginosa if compared to the other groups. Therefore, this formulation is able to induce a functional response in an animal model of infection and thereby is a promising platform for P. aeruginosa vaccines.

Idiopathic bone cavity: case series involving children and adolescents.

AIM This study aimed at reviewing a series of clinical cases of children and adolescents treated for idiopathic bone cavity (IBC). METHODS Ten lesions diagnosed as IBC in nine patients treated between February 2000 and December 2008 were reviewed, focusing on clinical and radiographic aspects, as well the therapeutic approach. RESULTS Most of the patients were Caucasian with no sex predilection (55.5% males and 45.5% females), and all were in the second decade of life at the time of IBC diagnosis. The lesions were asymptomatic and detected during routine radiographic examinations. All the lesions were located in the mandible, and the anterior region was the most affected. The most adopted therapeutic approach was simple curettage of the bone cavity, and all surgically-treated patients presented complete bone healing after 6 months, postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and radiographic diagnoses associated with surgical exploration are the most important treatment options in order to avoid radical surgery or unnecessary endodontic treatment, mainly when idiopathic bone cavities are detected in children and adolescents. Further studies aimed at elucidating the etiopathogenesis of this condition and defining the most appropriate treatment should be conducted.

Photodynamically dealing with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Successful case reports

• Treating bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis with PDT and focusing on the infection resolution and bone neoformation.

Peripheral compound odontoma erupting in the gingiva.

BackgroundPeripheral odontoma arising in the extraosseous soft tissues is rare and if not removed early, may enlarge over time and eventually erupt in the oral cavity.Case presentationA 15-year-old girl presented with “denticles on the gingiva”. During the intraoral examination, seven small tooth-like structures were found. These were exposed in the anterior left gingiva between the permanent maxillary lateral incisor and canine teeth, and the left first premolar was absent. Radiographic examination revealed irregular tooth-like structures without evidence of bone involvement.ConclusionThe lesion was surgically removed, and the specimens were analyzed histopathologically. The diagnosis of compound odontoma was established.Clinical significanceThis is the twelfth reported case of peripheral odontoma in the gingiva and the first one that erupted in the oral cavity.

Leishmania infantum INFECTION IN DOGS FROM THE SOUTHERN REGION OF MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL.

SUMMARY Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic and chronic disease and dogs are the main reservoir of the etiologic agent, Leishmania infantum (syn L. chagasi). A serological and molecular investigation of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) was performed in the municipality of Alfenas, located in the southern region of Minas Gerais, where the disease is not endemic. Samples from 87 dogs were submitted to serological tests including the Dual Path Platform (DPP(r) ) CVL Bio-Manguinhos rapid test, an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), as well as molecular techniques such as a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the RV1/RV2 primers and a quantitative PCR (qPCR) with the LinJ31, Ldon and DNApol primers. Of the 87 serum samples, eight (9.2%) were positive for Leishmania using the DPP rapid test, but only four (4.6%) were confirmed by ELISA and two (2.3%) by IFAT. In these two serologically confirmed cases, spleen and liver samples were positive by all the employed molecular and parasitological procedures performed on spleen samples. When whole blood samples were used in the molecular assays, two samples (2.3%) were positive only by qPCR. DNA extracted and amplified from the spleens of seropositive dogs was sequenced, showing 100% of similarity with the Leishmania infantum (syn L. chagasi) sequence. Thus, the first cases of CVL have been confirmed in the Alfenas region, suggesting the importance of canine surveys in non-endemic municipalities for CVL to monitor disease progression and to prevent outbreaks.

Extensive cutaneous lesions in paracoccidioidomycosis successfully treated with itraconazole and β-glucan.

Georg Stary, MD Alexandra Geusau, MD Division of Immunology Allergy and Infectious Diseases Departmentof Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria E-mail: alexandra.geusau@meduniwien.ac.at References 1 Workowski KA, Berman SM. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006; 55: 1–94. 2 David G, Perpoint T, Boibieux A, et al. Secondary pulmonary syphilis: report of a likely case and literature review. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42: 11–15. 3 Woehrl S, Geusau A. Clinical update: syphilis in adults. Lancet 2007; 369: 1912–1914. 4 Mahto M, Mohammed F, Wilkins E, et al. Pseudohepatic tumor associated with secondary syphilis in an HIV-positive male. Int J STD AIDS 2006; 17: 139–141. 5 Hamlyn E, Taylor C. Sexually transmitted proctitis. Postgrad Med J 2006; 82: 733–736. 6 Geusau A, Mayerhofer S, Schmidt B, et al. The year 2002 re-emergence of syphilis in Austria. Int J STD AIDS 2004; 15: 496–497. 7 Gerbase AC, Rowley JT, Mertens TE. Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases. Lancet 1998; 351(Suppl. 3): 2–4. 8 Müller H, Eisendle K, Bräuninger W, et al. Comparative analysis of immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction and focus-floating microscopy for the detection of Treponema pallidum in mucocutaneous lesions of primary, secondary and tertiary lesions. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165: 50–60. 9 Guarner J, Greer PW, Bartlett J, et al. Congenital syphilis in a newborn: an immunopathologic study. Mod Pathol 1999; 12: 82–87.

Correlation between clinical and histopathological diagnoses in periapical inflammatory lesions.

AIM   The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of periapical inflammatory lesions, focusing mainly on cystic conditions. METHODS   Files dating from 1998 to 2006 at the Oral Pathology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Alfenas Federal University, Brazil, were reviewed to identify cases with histopathological diagnoses of periapical inflammatory lesions. A total of 1788 files were analyzed, and 255 cases were identified with clinical diagnoses of periapical inflammatory lesions. RESULTS   The most prevalent clinical diagnosis was apical periodontal cyst (59%), followed by periapical granuloma (20%), and dentoalveolar abscess (2%). After histopathological analysis, 53% of the cases represented apical periodontal cyst, 42% periapical granuloma, and 5% dentoalveolar abscess. CONCLUSIONS   The outcomes of the present study show a high prevalence of periapical cysts among periapical inflammatory lesions. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of histopathological evaluation for the correct diagnosis of periapical inflammatory lesions.

Uncommon Foreign Body Reactions Occurring in the Lip: Clinical Misdiagnosis and the Use of Special Techniques of Analysis

This study reports three interesting cases of nodular submucosal lip lesions where foreign-body reactions of unknown origin were detected on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) analysis. These materials were evaluated under polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The results revealed the following materials: an interdental toothbrush bristle, silica, and iron. Unusual mucosal foreign body reaction cases have been reported, but few publications used special techniques to identify the specific foreign material. Clinicians and pathologists might consider these techniques for identifying the precise origin of these foreign bodies.

Complicações do Piercing Bucal: uma Revisão de Literatura

A proposta deste trabalho foi verificar o perfil nutricional de gestantes atendidas por Unidades Basicas de Saude municipais. Este estudo transversal avaliou 33 gestantes, com dados coletados em entrevista e prontuario. Os resultados mostraram que 45,45% das gestantes iniciaram a gestacao eutroficas e 21,21% obesas. Quanto ao ganho de peso gestacional, 42% das gestantes estavam adequadas e 39,4% apresentaram ganho de peso excessivo para idade gestacional. A incidencia de anemia foi de 27,27% e 36,36% das gestantes usavam suplemento diario de ferro enquanto 9,09% faziam uso de suplemento de acido folico.A saude de um reptil cativo esta relacionada ao modo que ele e criado. Recintos improprios e a segunda causa mais comum de doencas nesses animais, sendo a primeira, a dieta impropria. Os disturbios que ocorrem com maior frequencia e a Anorexia, a DOM e Hipovitaminose A. A chave para evitar a ocorrencia dessas doencas e conhecer a biologia desses animais, necessario para prevencao e cura das mesmas. O objetivo desta revisao e relatar erros no manejo, indicar tratamento e prevencao dessas patologias e tambem alertar Medicos Veterinarios, academicos e criadores sobre a importância de um manejo correto.A leptospirose equina e uma zoonose que se manifesta por disturbios reprodutivos como o aborto. Foi estudada a prevalencia de anticorpos para leptospirose em equinos na Regiao Norte do Parana por meio da Soroaglutinacao Microscopica utilizando-se 22 sorovares. Titulos iguais ou superiores a 1/100 foram considerados positivos. Dos 102 soros sanguineos testados, 70 (68,6%) reagiram a um ou mais sorovares enquanto 32 (31,4%) foram negativos. O sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae foi o sorovar mais provavel em 37 (52,8%) dos animais positivos, seguidos por Pyrogenes 07 (10,0%), Autumnalis 03 (4,3%), Cynopteri 02 (2,8%), Hardjo 01 (1,4%) e Hebdomadis 1 (1,4%).A erosao dental e definida como perda progressiva das estruturas duras, atraves de processo quimico, sem acao bacteriana. Fatores extrinsecos ou intrinsecos podem ser causadores dessa patologia. Dentre os extrinsecos tem-se: ingestao de bebidas acidas, fator ambiental, exposicao ocupacional, medicamentos e estilo de vida. Como fatores intrinsecos podem-se exemplificar pacientes com transtornos alimentares. Certas bebidas possuem alto potencial erosivo: coca-cola, suco de laranja, bebidas esportivas e chas. Pesquisas foram realizadas visando reduzir o potencial erosivo destas bebidas. Ressalta-se, ainda, que a escovacao nao devera ser realizada imediatamente apos a ingestao de bebidas carbonatadas, pois estes processos associados promovem fragilizacao dos cristais de hidroxiapatita, aumentando a erosao. Apesar de erosao e carie dentaria serem diferentes histologicamente, ambas sao prejudiciais as estruturas dentais, necessitando ate mesmo mudanca em habitos alimentares.A criopreservacao de semen equino e uma tecnica que apresenta inumeras vantagens, mas algumas limitacoes. Os procedimentos envolvidos com essa biotecnologia devem ser metodicos e cautelosos. De modo geral, as etapas da criopreservacao compreendem: exame andrologico, colheita e avaliacao seminal, centrifugacao, desprezo do sobrenadante, ressuspensao do pellet (diluente de congelamento), resfriamento, congelamento e descongelamento. O conhecimento dos aspectos basicos inerentes a tecnica constitui-se em um pilar fundamental para a correta aplicacao, bem como o alicerce nas quais as pesquisas se norteiam e assim possam buscar novas substâncias e metodologias capazes de melhorar os atuais niveis de fertilidade do semen criopreservado.