Alessandro Palumbo

Comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography versus baseline ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in metastatic disease of the liver: diagnostic performance and confidence

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to baseline US and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in metastatic disease of the liver diagnosed or suspected by US during presurgical staging or postsurgical follow-up for primary malignancies. Materials and methods: Two hundred-fifty-three patients considered suitable for US due to the complete explorability of the liver and with one to five proven or suspected liver metastases at baseline US were included. All patients underwent US before and after microbubble injection, and multiphase contrast-enhanced CT. Independent panels of readers reviewed US and CT scans and recorded liver metastases according to a 5-grade scale of diagnostic confidence. Sensitivity, specificity (diagnostic performance) and area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (diagnostic confidence) were calculated. Results: Reference standards revealed no metastases in 57/253, more than five in 59/253, and one to five in 137/253 patients. In patients with one to five metastases, CEUS versus baseline US revealed more metastases in 64/137 and the same number in 73/137 patients while CEUS versus CT revealed more metastases in 10/137, the same number in 99/137, and lower number in 28/137. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under ROC curve of CEUS (83%, 84%, 0.929, respectively) differed from baseline US (40%, 63%, 0.579, respectively; P 0.05). Conclusion: CEUS improved liver metastases diagnosis in comparison with baseline US while it revealed similar diagnostic performance and confidence to contrast-enhanced CT in patients considered suitable for US and with proven or suspected liver metastases at baseline US.

Diabetes: Prognostic Value of CT Coronary Angiography—Comparison with a Nondiabetic Population

PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic value of multidetector computed tomographic (CT) coronary angiography in a diabetic population known to have or suspected of having coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with that in nondiabetic individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and patient informed consent were obtained. Three hundred thirteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 303 patients without DM underwent unenhanced 64-detector row CT, at which a calcium score was obtained, followed by CT angiography. Multidetector CT coronary angiograms were retrospectively classified as normal, showing nonobstructive CAD (<or=50% luminal narrowing), or showing obstructive CAD (>50% luminal narrowing). During follow-up after CT angiography, major events (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and unstable angina requiring hospitalization) and total events (major events plus coronary revascularizations) were recorded for each patient. Cox proportional hazards analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to compare survival rates. RESULTS In the group of 313 patients with DM, there were 213 men, and the mean age was 62 years +/- 11 (standard deviation). In the group of 303 patients without DM, there were 203 men, and the mean age was 63 years +/- 11. The mean number of diseased segments (5.6 vs 4.4, P = .001) and the rate of obstructive CAD (51% vs 37%, P < .001) were higher in patients with DM. Patients were followed up for a mean of 20 months +/- 5.4 (range, 6-44 months). At multivariate analysis, DM (P < .001) and evidence of obstructive CAD (P < .001) were independent predictors of outcome. Obstructive CAD remained a significant multivariate predictor for both patients with DM and patients without DM. In both patients with DM and patients without DM with absence of disease, the event rate was 0%. The event rate increased to 36% in patients without DM but with obstructive CAD and was highest (47%) in patients with DM and obstructive CAD. CONCLUSION In both patients with DM and patients without DM, multidetector CT coronary angiography provides incremental prognostic information over baseline clinical variables, and the absence of atherosclerosis at CT coronary angiography is associated with an excellent prognosis. Multidetector CT coronary angiography might be a clinically useful tool for improving risk stratification in both patients with DM and patients without DM.

Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with low-to-intermediate risk

PurposeOur aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (MSCT-CA) for detecting significant stenosis (≥50% lumen reduction) in a population of patients at low to intermediate risk.Materials and methodsWe studied 72 patients (38 men, 34 women, mean age 53.9±8.0 years) with atypical or typical chest pain and stratified in the low-to intermediate risk category. MSCT-CA (Sensation 64 Cardiac, Siemens, Germany) was performed after IV administration of 100 ml of iodinated contrast material (Iomeprol 400 mgI/ml, Bracco, Italy). Two observers, blinded to the results of conventional coronary angiography (CAG), assessed the MSCT-CA scans in consensus. Diagnostic accuracy for detecting significant stenosis was calculated.ResultsCAG demonstrated the absence of significant disease in 70.1% of patients (51/72). No patient was excluded from MSCT-CA. There were 37 significant lesions on 1,098 available coronary segments. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value of MSCT-CA for detecting significant coronary artery on a per-segment basis were 100%, 98.6%, 71.2% and 100%, respectively. All patients with at least one significant lesion were correctly identified by MSCT-CA. MSCT-CA scored 15 false positives on a per-segment base, which affected only marginally the per-p.atient performance (only one false positive).ConclusionsWe concluded that 64-slice CT-CA is a diagnostic modality with high sensitivity and negative predictive value in patients at low to intermediate risk.RiassuntoObiettivoValutare l’accuratezza diagnostica dell’angiografia coronarica non invasiva con tomografia computerizzata (AC-TC) a 64 strati nell’individuazione delle stenosi coronariche significative (riduzione del lume coronarico ≥ 50%) in una popolazione di pazienti a basso-intermedio rischio cardiovascolare.Materiali e metodiSono stati studiati 72 pazienti (38 maschi, 34 donne, età media 53,9±8,0 anni) che presentavano dolore toracico atipico o angina pectoris stabile e che venivano stratificati nella categoria del rischio basso-intermedio. Per la scansione AC-TC sono stati iniettati endovena 100 ml di mezzo di contrasto (Iomeprolo 400 mgI/ml, Bracco, Italia). Due osservatori, in cieco rispetto alla coronarografia convenzionale CAG), hanno valutato in consenso le immagini dell’AC-TC. Sono stati quindi calcolati i valori di accuratezza diagnostica per la rilevazione di stenosi significative.RisultatiL’angiografia coronarica invasiva ha dimostrato l’assenza di malattia o la presenza di malattia non critica nel 70,1% dei pazienti (51/72). Nessun paziente è stato escluso dalla popolazione studiata. Sono state individuate 37 lesioni significative su 1098 segmenti disponibili. Sensibilità, specificità, valore predittivo positivo e negativo dell’AC-TC nella determinazione delle stenosi significative utilizzando un’analisi per segmenti sono risultate, rispettivamente, del 100%, 98,6%, 71,2% e 100%. Tutti i pazienti con almeno una lesione significativa sono stati correttamente identificati anche nella valutazione con AC-TC. L’AC-TC ha generato 15 falsi postivi su base segmentale che però si riducono a un solo falso positivo nell’analisi per paziente.ConclusioniL’AC-TC a 64 strati rappresenta una metodica diagnostica ad elevata sensibilità e valore predittivo negativo nei pazienti con rischio basso o intermedio.

Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography for the detection of in-stent restenosis: A meta-analysis

BackgroundWe sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) compared with invasive coronary angiography for in-stent restenosis (ISR) detection.MethodsMEDLINE, Cochrane library, and BioMed Central database searches were performed until April 2009 for original articles. Inclusion criteria were (1) 64-MDCT was used as a diagnostic test for ISR, with >50% diameter stenosis selected as the cut-off criterion for significant ISR, using invasive coronary angiography and quantitative coronary angiography as the standard of reference; (2) absolute numbers of true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative results could be derived. Standard meta-analytic methods were applied.ResultsNine studies with a total of 598 patients with 978 stents included were considered eligible. On average, 9% of stents were unassessable (range 0-42%). Accuracy tests with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing 64-MDCT vs invasive coronary angiography showed that pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (random effect model) values were: 86% (95% CI 80-91%), 93% (95% CI 91-95%), 12.32 (95% CI 7.26-20.92), 0.18 (95% CI 0.12-0.28) for binary ISR detection. The symmetric area under the curve value was 0.94, indicating good agreement between 64-MDCT and invasive coronary angiography.Conclusions64-MDCT has a good diagnostic accuracy for ISR detection with a particularly high negative predictive value. However, still a relatively large proportion of stents remains uninterpretable. Accordingly, only in selected patients, 64-MDCT may serve as a potential alternative noninvasive method to rule out ISR.

Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Without Significant Coronary Stenosis

Background— It is known that a significant number of patients experiencing an acute myocardial infarction have normal coronary arteries or nonsignificant coronary disease at coronary angiography (CA). Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) can identify the presence of plaques, even in the absence of significant coronary stenosis. This study evaluated the role of 64-slice CTCA in detecting and characterizing coronary atherosclerosis in these patients. Methods and Results— Consecutive patients with documented acute myocardial infarction but without significant coronary stenosis at CA underwent late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance and CTCA. Only the 50 patients with an area of myocardial infarction identified by late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance were included in the study. All of the coronary segments were assessed for the presence of plaques. CTCA identified 101 plaques against the 41 identified by CA: 61 (60.4%) located in infarct-related arteries (IRAs) and 40 (39.6%) in non-IRAs. In the IRAs, 22 plaques were noncalcified, 17 mixed, and 22 calcified; in the non-IRAs, 5 plaques were noncalcified, 8 mixed, and 27 calcified (P=0.005). Mean plaque area was greater in the IRAs than in the non-IRAs (6.1±5.4 mm2 versus 4.2±2.1 mm2; P=0.03); there was no significant difference in mean percentage stenosis (33.5%±14.6 versus 31.7%±12.2; P=0.59), but the mean remodeling index was significantly different (1.25±0.41 versus 1.08±0.21; P=0.01). Conclusions— CTCA detects coronary plaques in nonstenotic coronary arteries that are underestimated by CA, and identifies a different distribution of plaque types in IRAs and non-IRAs. It may therefore be valuable for diagnosing coronary atherosclerosis in acute myocardial infarction patients without significant coronary stenosis.

Reproducible coronary plaque quantification by multislice computed tomography

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate reproducibility and accuracy of computer‐assisted coronary plaque measurements by multislice computed tomography coronary angiography (QMSCT‐CA). Methods and Results: Forty‐eight patients undergoing MSCT‐CA and coronary arteriography for symptomatic coronary artery disease and quantitative intravascular ultrasound (IVUS, QCU) were examined. Two investigators performed the QMSCT‐CA twice and a third investigator performed the QCU, all blinded for each others results. There was no difference found for the matched region of interest (ROI) lengths (QCU 29.4 ± 13 mm vs. QMSCT‐CA 29.6 ± 13 mm, P = 0.6; total length = 1,400 mm). The comparison of volumetric measurements showed (lumen QCU 267 ± 139 mm3 vs. mean QMSCT‐CA 177 ± 91 mm3, P << 0.001; vessel 454 ± 194 mm3 vs. 398 ± 187 mm3, P << 0.001; and plaque 189 ± 93 mm3 vs. 222 ± 121 mm3; investigator 1, P = 0.02; and investigator 2, P = 0.07) significant differences. Automated lumen detection was also applied for QMSCT‐CA (218 ± 112 mm3, P << 0.001 vs. QCU). The interinvestigator variability measurements for QMSCT‐CA showed no significant differences. Conclusion: QMSCT‐CA systematically underestimates absolute coronary lumen‐ and vessel dimensions when compared with QCU. However, repeated measurements of coronary plaque by QMSCT‐CA showed no statistically significant differences, although, the outcome showed a scattered result. Automated lumen detection for QMSCT‐CA showed improved results when compared with those of human investigators.

64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography: diagnostic accuracy in the real world

PurposeThis study was done to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) for the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis in the real clinical world.Materials and methodFrom the CTCA database of our institution, we enrolled 145 patients (92 men, 52 women, mean age 63.4 ± 10.2 years) with suspected coronary artery disease. All patients presented with atypical or typical chest pain and underwent CTCA and conventional coronary angiography (CA). For the CTCA scan (Sensation 64, Siemens, Germany), we administered an IV bolus of 100 ml of iodinated contrast material (Iomeprol 400 mgI/ml, Bracco, Italy). The CTCA and CA reports used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy adopted ≥50% and ≥70%, respectively, as thresholds for significant stenosis.ResultEleven patients were excluded from the analysis because of the nondiagnostic quality of CTCA. The prevalence of disease demonstrated at CA was 63% (84/134). Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for CTCA on a per-segment, per-vessel, and per-patient basis were 75.6%, 85.1%, 97.6%; 86.9%, 81.8%, 58.0%; 48.2%, 68.1%, 79.6%; and 95.7%, 92.3%, 93.5%, respectively. Only two out of 134 eligible patients were false negative. Heart rate did not significantly influence diagnostic accuracy, whereas the absence or minimal presence of coronary calcification improved diagnostic accuracy. The positive and negative likelihood ratios at the per-patient level were 2.32 and 0.041, respectively.ConclusionCTCA in the real clinical world shows a diagnostic performance lower than reported in previous validation studies. The excellent negative predictive value and negative likelihood ratio make CTCA a noninvasive gold standard for exclusion of significant coronary artery disease.RiassuntoObiettivoValutare l’accuratezza diagnostica dell’angiografia coronarica non invasiva con tomografia computerizzata (CT-CA) a 64 strati nell’individuazione delle stenosi coronariche significative (riduzione del lume coronarico ≥50%) basando la valutazione sulla refertazione clinica.Materiali e metodiDal database della CT-CA sono stati arruolati nello studio 145 pazienti (92 maschi, 52 femmine, età media 63,4±10,2 anni) con sospetta malattia coronarica. I pazienti si presentavano con dolore toracico atipico o angina pectoris stabile e hanno poi eseguito CT-CA e coronarografia convenzionale (CAG). Per la scansione CT-CA (Sensation 64, Siemens, Germania) sono stati iniettati endovena 100 ml di mezzo di contrasto. (Iomeprol 400 mgI/ml, Bracco, Italia). I referti della CT-CA e della CAG sono utilizzati per la valutazione dell’accuratezza diagnostica utilizzano la definizione di stenosi ≥50% per la CT-CA e ≥70% per la CAG.RisultatiUndici pazienti sono stati esclusi dall’analisi per CT-CA di qualità insufficiente. La prevalenza di malattia dimostrata alla CAG era del 63% (84/134). Sensibilità, specificità, valore predittivo positivo e negativo della CT-CA nella determinazione delle stenosi significative utilizzando un’analisi per segmento, per vaso e per paziente sono risultate del 75,6%, 85,1%, 97,6%; 86,9%, 81,8%, 58,0%; 48,2%, 68,1%, 79,6%; e 95,7%, 92,3%, 93,5%, rispettivamente. Solo due pazienti su 134 eleggibili per lo studio sono risultati falsi negativi. La frequenza cardiaca non ha mostrato influenzare significativamente l’accuratezza diagnostica, mentre la presenza di scarse o assenti calcificazioni coronariche ha determinato un incremento dei valori di accuratezza diagnostica. I likelihood ratio positivo e negativo nell’analisi per paziente sono risultati 2,32 e 0,041, rispettivamente.ConclusioniLa CT-CA nel mondo reale mostra una performance diagnostica inferiore rispetto agli studi di validazione pubblicati in letteratura. I valori ottimali di valore predittivo negativo e likelihood ratio negativo collocano la CT-CA tra le metodiche non invasive gold standard per l’esclusione di malattia coronarica critica.

Prognostic value of 64-slice coronary angiography in diabetes mellitus patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease compared with a nondiabetic population

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the prognostic value of coronary angiography with multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in a population of diabetic subjects with known or suspected ischaemic heart disease compared with a nondiabetic control population.Materials and methodsForty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [group 1; mean age 67.7±8.8 years; 32 men; mean body mass index (BMI) 28±3.9] and 49 patients without DM (group 2, with similar demographic and clinical characteristics) were studied with MSCT coronary angiography to exclude the presence of ischaemic coronary artery disease (CAD). Each group comprised 26 patients (53%) with no history of ischaemic coronary disease and 23 patients (47%) with a history of myocardial infarction and/or myocardial revascularisation. Clinical follow-up was performed by analysing correlations between the rate of cumulative cardiac events (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and myocardial revascularisation), the severity of CAD identified on MSCT, and the presence of DM as a cardiovascular risk factor.ResultsAt mean follow-up of 20 months, univariate analysis of survival showed significant differences between the two groups (group 1 vs. group 2, p=0.046). Moreover, the cumulative cardiac event rate correlated significantly with the presence of significant CAD (>50% stenosis) in both groups (group 1: p=0.003; group 2: p=0.0004).ConclusionsEvent-free survival is significantly lower in the diabetic population compared with the normal control population (p=0.046) and is closely correlated with the presence of significant CAD. MSCT is an effective method for stratifying such risk and, together with high diagnostic accuracy, provides additional prognostic value.RiassuntoObiettivoStudiare il valore prognostico della angiografia coronarica mediante TC multistrato (TCMS) in una popolazione di pazienti diabetici con nota o sospetta cardiopatia ischemica e in una popolazione non diabetica di confronto.Materiali e metodiQuarantanove pazienti con diabete mellito tipo-2 (DM), gruppo I, (età media: 67,7±8,8 anni; maschi 32; BMI medio: 28±3,9) e 49 pazienti senza DM, gruppo II, con sovrapponibili caratteristiche demografiche e cliniche, sono stati sottoposti a studio coronarografico con TCMS per escludere la presenza di coronaropatia ischemica. Relativamente ad ogni gruppo, 26 pazienti (53%) erano senza storia di cardiopatia ischemica, mentre 23 (47%) avevano storia di pregresso infarto miocardico e/o rivascolarizzazione miocardica. Abbiamo condotto un follow-up clinico analizzando la correlazione fra il tasso di eventi cardiaci cumulativi (morte cardiaca, infarto miocardico non fatale, angina instabile e rivascolarizzazioni miocardiche) e la severità della coronaropatia riscontrata alla TCMS e la presenza del DM come fattore di rischio cardiovascolare.RisultatiAl follow-up medio di 20 mesi, l’analisi univariata della sopravvivenza ha mostrato differenze significative nel confronto fra i gruppi (gruppo I vs. gruppo II, p=0,046). Inoltre, il tasso di eventi cardiaci cumulativi è risultato significativamente correlato alla presenza di malattia significativa (stenosi >50%) in entrambi i gruppi (gruppo I: p=0,003; gruppo II: p=0,0004).ConclusioniLa sopravvivenza libera da eventi cardiaci è significativamente più bassa nella popolazione diabetica rispetto alla popolazione normale di controllo (p=0,046) ed è strettamente correlata alla presenza di malattia significativa. La TCMS è una metodica efficace nella stratificazione del rischio e, insieme all’accuratezza diagnostica, offre un valore prognostico aggiunto.

Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography in a large population of patients without revascularisation: registry data and review of multicentre trials.

PurposeThis study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography coronary angiography (CT-CA) for the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis (≥50% lumen reduction) compared with conventional coronary angiography (CCA) in a registry and to review major multicentre trials.Materials and methodsA total of 1,372 patients (882 men, 490 women; mean age 59.3±11.9 years) in sinus rhythm were studied with CT-CA (64-slice technology) and CCA. The diagnostic accuracy of CT-CA was evaluated against quantitative CCA as a reference standard for coronary artery stenosis. Positive and negative likelihood ratios and inter- and intraobserver agreement were calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of disease was 53%. CCA demonstrated the absence of significant coronary artery disease in 46.6% (639/1372), single-vessel disease in 24.7% (337/1372) and multivessel disease in 28.9% (396/1372) of patients. In per-patient analysis sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value of CT-CA were 99% [confidence interval (CI) 97–99], 92% (CI 89–94), 94% (CI 91–95) and 99% (CI 97–99), respectively. Per-patient and per-segment likelihood ratios (LR+=12.4 and LR−=0.011; LR+=18.3 and LR−=0.064, respectively), were good. Inter- and intraobserver variability was 0.78 and 0.85, respectively.ConclusionsCT-CA is a reliable diagnostic modality both in terms of sensitivity and negative predictive value. Differences in trial results are also due to the different parameters used for patient inclusion.RiassuntoObiettivoObiettivo di questo lavoro è stato valutare l’accuratezza diagnostica dell’angiografia coronarica non invasiva con tomografia computerizzata (CT-CA) a 64 strati nell’individuazione delle stenosi coronariche significative (riduzione del lume coronarico ≥50%) confrontata con la coronarografia convenzionale (CAG) in un registro e revisionare i risultati dei trials multicentrici.Materiali e metodiSono stati studiati 1372 pazienti (882 uomini, 490 donne, età media 59,3±11,9 anni) in ritmo cardiaco sinusale con CT-CA (tecnologia 64 strati) e CAG. La CT-CA è stata eseguita secondo i protocolli comunemente utilizzati. L’accuratezza diagnostica è stata calcolata utilizzando la CAG come standard di riferimento. Sono state calcolate l’accuratezza diagnostica, i likelihood ratio positivo e negativo (LR+ e LR−) e la variabilità inter- ed intra-osservatore.RisultatiLa prevalenza di malattia nella popolazione era del 53%. Il 46,6% (639/1372) mostravano coronarie indenni o con lesioni che determinavano stenosi <50%, il 24,7% (337/1372) mostrano malattia critica di un solo vaso, ed il 28,9% (396/1372) dei pazienti mostrava coronaropatia critica multivasale. Nell’analisi per paziente la sensibilità, specificità, valore predittivo positivo e negativo della CT-CA sono risultati 99% (intervallo di confidenza [IC] 97–99), 92% (IC 89–94), 94% (IC 91–95), 99% (IC 97–99), rispettivamente. I likelihood ratio per paziente (LR+=12,4 e LR−=0,011) e per segmento (LR+=18,3 e LR−=0,064), sono risultati ottimali. Le variabilità inter- ed intra-osservatore sono risultate 0,78 e 0,85, rispettivamente.ConclusioniLa CT-CA è una metodica diagnostica affidabile sia per l’elevata sensibilità che per l’elevato valore predittivo negativo. I risultati dei trials sono variabili anche alla luce dei parametri principali di inclusione utilizzati.

CT coronary angiography and exercise ECG in a population with chest pain and low-to-intermediate pre-test likelihood of coronary artery disease

Objective To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of exercise ECG (ex-ECG) versus 64-slice CT coronary angiography (CT-CA) for the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis in a population with low-to-intermediate pre-test likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD). Design Retrospective single centre. Setting Tertiary academic hospital. Patients 177 consecutive patients (88 men, 89 women, mean age 53.5±7.6 years) with chest pain and low-to-intermediate pre-test likelihood of CAD were retrospectively enrolled. Interventions All patients underwent ex-ECG, CT-CA and invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Main outcome measure A lumen diameter reduction of ≥50% was considered as significant stenosis for CT-CA. Ex-ECG was classified as positive, negative or non-diagnostic. Results were compared with ICA. Diagnostic accuracy of CT-CA and ex-ECG was calculated using ICA as the reference standard. A parallel comparative analysis using a cut-off value of 70% for significant lumen reduction was also performed too. Results ICA disclosed an absence of significant stenosis (≥50% luminal narrowing) in 85.3% (151/177) patients, single-vessel disease in 9.0% (16/177) patients and multivessel disease in 5.6% (10/177) patients. Prevalence of obstructive disease at ICA was 14.7% (26/177). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values at the patient level were 100.0%, 98.7%, 92.9%, 100%, respectively, for CT-CA and 46.2%, 16.6%, 8.7%, 64.1%, respectively, for ex-ECG. Agreement between CT-CA and ex-ECG was 20.9%. CT-CA performed equally well in men and women, while ex-ECG had a better performance in men. After considering the cut-off value of 70% for significant stenosis, the difference between CT-CA and ex-ECG remained significant (p<0.01), with a low agreement (21.5%). Conclusions CT-CA provides optimal diagnostic performance in patients with atypical chest pain and low-to-intermediate risk of CAD. Ex-ECG has poor diagnostic accuracy in this population. Concerns are related to risk of radiation dose versus the benefits of correct disease stratification.