Alexander E. Dudelzak

Total luminescent spectroscopy for remote laser diagnostics of natural water conditions

In undertaking the rapid diagnostics of water conditions (for organic impurities, eutrophication etc.), it is expedient to confine the effort to establishing the statistically normal state and departures from it rather than to seek the full chemical composition of the medium. What others have termed spectral signatures obtained by such methods as total luminescent spectroscopy can serve as representative indicators of both background conditions and those deviating from the normal. In this paper we show how, with the aid of laboratory catalogs of spectral signatures, it is possible to detect oil pollution at levels substantially below those of slicks (of a few microliters per liter) and to identify groups of pollutants (by remote sensing). And we describe a spectroscopic lidar we developed for marine studies.

Spectrally selective UV bactericidal effect for curative treatment of post-surgical intra-abdominal abscesses and other infections

Results of in-vitro studies of bactericidal effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on strains causing drug-resistant endo-cavital infections (Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and others) are presented. An original technique to measure effects of UV-irradiation on bacterial growth at different wavelengths has been developed. Spectral dependences of the bactericidal effect have been observed, and spectral maxima of bactericidal efficiency have been found. Applications to curative treatments of wounds, post-surgical intra-abdominal abscesses and other diseases are discussed.

Quantitative analytical monitoring of aquatic and terrestrial targets with multiwavelength FLS lidars

The paper overviews capabilities of a multi-wavelength laser remote sensing technique in real-time analytical monitoring of aquatic and terrestrial targets. The conceptual design of the Fluorescent Lidar Spectrometer (FLS) - a compact, multipurpose analytical lidar - is described. Its modular architecture allows efficient research and routine monitoring applications from small boats or aircraft. Depending on the application requirements, the FLS analytical performance can be optimized with features such as variable excitation wavelengths and high-speed, gated hyper-spectral detection. The Spectral Fluorescent Signature (SFS) concept, which forms the background for the FLS functioning, has been successful in the detection and identification of trace organics in various environmental, industrial and other mixtures. FLS-lidars have been used in a variety of applications ranging from detecting chemical pollution in water and on soil to classifying marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) and mapping spatial distributions of phytoplankton in the Baltic, North and Norwegian seas. The presented field data obtained with shipborne and airborne FLS illustrate the approachs potential for real-time monitoring of marine, coastal and inland-water environments. Future developments are discussed.

Remote sensing of the sea by tunable multichannel lidar

Field measurements of the spatial distribution of phytoplankton by tunable lidar on board a research vessel are reported. The possibility of applying laser remote sensing to the diagnostics of hydrophysical processes in the upper layers of the sea is discussed. Twelve tracks in different directions were sensed. Marked periodical structures were observed when the vessel was moving at small angles in the direction of a swell. The frequencies of periodic structures correlated with the angle between the vessels motion and swell directions. When this angle was increased, the frequency increased proportionally. At a right angle, the periodic structures disappeared. The results do not contradict the hypothesis of the influence of internal waves on the spatial distribution of phytoplankton.