Alexandra A Bennett

Feasibility and cost-effectiveness of stroke prevention through community screening for atrial fibrillation using iPhone ECG in pharmacies: The SEARCH-AF study

Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes a third of all strokes, but often goes undetected before stroke. Identification of unknown AF in the community and subsequent anti-thrombotic treatment could reduce stroke burden. We investigated community screening for unknown AF using an iPhone electrocardiogram (iECG) in pharmacies, and determined the cost-effectiveness of this strategy.Pharmacists performedpulse palpation and iECG recordings, with cardiologist iECG over-reading. General practitioner review/12-lead ECG was facilitated for suspected new AF. An automated AF algorithm was retrospectively applied to collected iECGs. Cost-effectiveness analysis incorporated costs of iECG screening, and treatment/outcome data from a United Kingdom cohort of 5,555 patients with incidentally detected asymptomatic AF. A total of 1,000 pharmacy customers aged ≥65 years (mean 76 ± 7 years; 44% male) were screened. Newly identified AF was found in 1.5% (95% CI, 0.8-2.5%); mean age 79 ± 6 years; all had CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2. AF prevalence was 6.7% (67/1,000). The automated iECG algorithm showed 98.5% (CI, 92-100%) sensitivity for AF detection and 91.4% (CI, 89-93%) specificity. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of extending iECG screening into the community, based on 55% warfarin prescription adherence, would be

Screening Education And Recognition in Community pHarmacies of Atrial Fibrillation to prevent stroke in an ambulant population aged >=65 years (SEARCH-AF stroke prevention study): a cross-sectional study protocol.

AUD5,988 (€3,142;

Evaluating outpatient pharmacy services: a literature review of specialist heart failure services

USD4,066) per Quality Adjusted Life Year gained and

Choice of Health Options In prevention of Cardiovascular Events for people with Atrial Fibrillation (CHOICE-AF): A pilot study

AUD30,481 (€15,993;

Systems to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing in people with advanced dementia: a systematic review

USD20,695) for preventing one stroke. Sensitivity analysis indicated cost-effectiveness improved with increased treatment adherence.Screening with iECG in pharmacies with an automated algorithm is both feasible and cost-effective. The high and largely preventable stroke/thromboembolism risk of those with newly identified AF highlights the likely benefits of community AF screening. Guideline recommendation of community iECG AF screening should be considered.

Developing an Outpatient Heart Failure Pharmacy Service

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a high risk of stroke and may often be asymptomatic. AF is commonly undiagnosed until patients present with sequelae, such as heart failure and stroke. Stroke secondary to AF is highly preventable with the use of appropriate thromboprophylaxis. Therefore, early identification and appropriate evidence-based management of AF could lead to subsequent stroke prevention. This study aims to determine the feasibility and impact of a community pharmacy-based screening programme focused on identifying undiagnosed AF in people aged 65 years and older. Methods and analysis This cross-sectional study of community-based screening to identify undiagnosed AF will evaluate the feasibility of screening for AF using a pulse palpation and handheld single-lead electrocardiograph (ECG) device. 10 community pharmacies will be recruited and trained to implement the screening protocol, targeting a total of 1000 participants. The primary outcome is the proportion of people newly identified with AF at the completion of the screening programme. Secondary outcomes include level of agreement between the pharmacists and the cardiologists interpretation of the single-lead ECG; level of agreement between irregular rhythm identified with pulse palpation and with the single-lead ECG. Process outcomes related to sustainability of the screening programme beyond the trial setting, pharmacist knowledge of AF and rate of uptake of referral to full ECG evaluation and cardiology review will also be collected. Ethics and dissemination Primary ethics approval was received on 26 March 2012 from Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee—Concord Repatriation General Hospital zone. Results will be disseminated via forums including, but not limited to, peer-reviewed publication and presentation at national and international conferences. Clinical trials registration number ACTRN12612000406808.

Investigating knowledge regarding antibiotics among pharmacy and allied health sciences students in a Sri Lankan university

Objective To identify appropriate methods to evaluate a specialist pharmacy service for heart failure patients in an ambulatory care setting.

Non-prescription sales of antimicrobial agents at community pharmacies in developing countries: a systematic review

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is associated with high risk of stroke and significant health burden. Recent emerging evidence suggests that modifying risk factor profiles of people with AF may assist to reduce stroke risk and health burden. Aims: The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of a brief telephone-based program targeted at improving cardiovascular risk, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with AF Methods: This was a pilot study of a brief three-month telephone-based intervention for patients with diagnosed AF. During an initial face-to-face consultation participants were assisted to set individualized risk factor reduction goals and a treatment plan. Participants received phone-based follow-up for three months, with final assessment at three months. Results: Nineteen participants with AF were recruited, with age range 35–82 years (mean 65±13 years) and 53% were male. No changes were observed in either body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference measures. Participation was associated with significant improvement in reported symptom severity (p=0.005). There were non-significant improvements in physical activity, sedentary behavior, HRQoL, anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Participation in the CHOICE-AF pilot study did not improve BMI or waist circumference: however, it was associated with significant improvement in reported symptom severity. Further research is required to determine the most appropriate model of care for addressing risk factor management for people with AF.

Development of Quality Indicators for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Australia: A Modified Delphi Method and Pilot Test

BackgroundSystems for identifying potentially inappropriate medications in older adults are not immediately transferrable to advanced dementia, where the management goal is palliation. The aim of the systematic review was to identify and synthesise published systems and make recommendations for identifying potentially inappropriate prescribing in advanced dementia.MethodsStudies were included if published in a peer-reviewed English language journal and concerned with identifying the appropriateness or otherwise of medications in advanced dementia or dementia and palliative care. The quality of each study was rated using the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Synthesis was narrative due to heterogeneity among designs and measures. Medline (OVID), CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2005 – August 2014) and AMED were searched in October 2014. Reference lists of relevant reviews and included articles were searched manually.ResultsEight studies were included, all of which were scored a high quality using the STROBE checklist. Five studies used the same system developed by the Palliative Excellence in Alzheimer Care Efforts (PEACE) Program. One study used number of medications as an index, and two studies surveyed health professionals’ opinions on appropriateness of specific medications in different clinical scenarios.ConclusionsFuture research is needed to develop and validate systems with clinical utility for improving safety and quality of prescribing in advanced dementia. Systems should account for individual clinical context and distinguish between deprescribing and initiation of medications.

Investigating knowledge regarding antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance among pharmacy students in Sri Lankan universities

Heart failure is a progressive disease with a high mortality rate and significant cost burden. Various roles have been proposed for pharmacists in the multidisciplinary outpatient care of heart failure patients. In 2002, an outpatient heart failure pharmacy service was established in the Heart Lung Clinic, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney.