Alexandre Igor Araripe Medeiros

Estudo comparativo do conhecimento e prática de atividade física de idosos diabéticos tipo 2 e não diabéticos

Objetivo: caracterizar o conhecimento e a pratica de atividades fisicas em idosos diabeticos tipo 2, assistidos em um ambulatorio de referencia da cidade de Fortaleza, comparando-os com idosos nao-diabeticos. Metodos : O estudo, do tipo transversal, envolveu 44 idosos com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) e 44 sem DM2, avaliados por meio de um questionario sobre pratica, recomendacoes, orientacoes e conhecimentos de atividades fisicas. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste Qui-quadrado. O nivel de significância foi de p<0,05. Resultados: Em relacao a pratica e a frequencia semanal de alguma atividade fisica, verificou-se que aproximadamente metade dos participantes dos dois grupos nao praticava nenhuma atividade fisica. Dentre as recomendacoes recebidas de profissionais da saude sobre a pratica de atividades fisicas, 84,1% (N=37) dos idosos diabeticos responderam que as tinham recebido, enquanto que entre os idosos nao-diabeticos apenas 58,7% (N=27) afirmaram que essas recomendacoes foram dadas. As orientacoes verbais predominaram em ambos os grupos. Em relacao a opiniao dos individuos a respeito dos beneficios da atividade fisica para os portadores de diabetes, a maioria dos idosos DM2 afirmou que a atividade fisica pode beneficia-los. Conclusao: Os idosos DM2 mostraram melhor conhecimento e pratica regular de atividade fisica do que os idosos nao-diabeticos. E necessaria a elaboracao de acoes em que o idoso adquira conhecimentos para a descoberta de seus limites fisicos e motores.

The effect of different foot and hand set-up positions on backstroke start performance

Abstract Foot and hand set-up position effects were analysed on backstroke start performance. Ten swimmers randomly completed 27 starts grouped in trials (n = 3) of each variation, changing foot (totally immersed, partially and totally emerged) and hand (lowest, highest horizontal and vertical) positioning. Fifteen cameras recorded kinematics, and four force plates collected hands and feet kinetics. Standardised mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were used. Variations with feet immersed have shown lower vertical centre of mass (CM) set-up position (0.16 m), vertical impulse exerted at the hands, horizontal and vertical impulse exerted at the feet (0.28, 0.41, 0.16 N/BW.s, respectively) than feet emerged with hands horizontal and vertically positioned. Most variations with feet partially emerged exhibited higher and lesser vertical impulse exerted at hands than feet immersed and emerged (e.g. vertical handgrip, 0.13, 0.15 N/BW.s, respectively). Variation with feet emerged and hands on the lowest horizontal handgrip depicted shorter horizontal (0.23, 0.26 m) and vertical CM positioning at flight (0.16, 0.15 m) than the highest horizontal and vertical handgrip, respectively. Start variations have not affected 15-m time. Variations with feet partially or totally emerged depicted advantages, but focusing on the entry and underwater biomechanics is relevant for a shorter start time.

Are the new starting block facilities beneficial for backstroke start performance

Abstract We aimed to analyse the handgrip positioning and the wedge effects on the backstroke start performance and technique. Ten swimmers completed randomly eight 15 m backstroke starts (four with hands on highest horizontal and four on vertical handgrip) performed with and without wedge. One surface and one underwater camera recorded kinematic data. Standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used. Handgrip positioning did not affect kinematics with and without wedge use. Handgrips horizontally positioned and feet over wedge displayed greater knee angular velocity than without it (SMD = −0.82; 95% CI: −1.56, −0.08). Hands vertically positioned and feet over wedge presented greater take-off angle (SMD = −0.81; 95% CI: −1.55, −0.07), centre of mass (CM) vertical positioning at first water contact (SMD = −0.97; 95% CI: −1.87, −0.07) and CM vertical velocity at CM immersion (SMD = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.08, 1.98) when comparing without wedge use. Swimmers extended the hip previous to the knee and ankle joints, except for the variant with hands vertically positioned without wedge (SMD = 0.75; 95% CI: −0.03, 1.53). Swimmers should preserve biomechanical advantages achieved during flight with variant with hands vertically positioned and wedge throughout entry and underwater phase.

Comparação antropométrica e do perfil glicêmico de idosos diabéticos praticantes de atividade física regular e não praticantes

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os parâmetros antropometricos e perfil glicemico de idosos diabeticos tipo 2 praticantes de atividade fisica regular e nao praticantes. METODOS: O estudo, do tipo transversal, envolveu 70 idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, com idade entre 60 e 80 anos. A coleta de dados foi atraves de questionario estruturado abordando: a) caracteristicas demograficas dos pacientes (idade e nivel de escolaridade) e b) caracteristicas do padrao de atividade fisica (frequencia, duracao (min) e tempo (meses) da pratica de exercicios fisicos). Foram realizadas medidas antropometricas e verificacao do perfil glicemico (glico-hemoglobina). Os dados foram analisados no programa STATA versao 9.0. Foram calculados a media e desvio padrao da media (DP) e realizado o teste de analise de variância (ANOVA). Para verificar a associacao de variaveis qualitativas, utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher e as associacoes entre as variaveis quantitativas foram estimadas atraves do coeficiente de correlacao de Pearson, com uma confianca de 95%. O nivel de significância foi de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Em relacao ao nivel de escolaridade, nao houve influencia na realizacao da pratica de atividade fisica. Nos PAF observa-se uma diminuicao do IMC e do perfil glicemico, quando comparados aos NPAF. A caminhada foi a atividade fisica mais realizada pelos idosos (51,5%). A partir dos resultados obtidos na analise dos dados, foi possivel mostrar os beneficios que a atividade fisica proporciona aos individuos no processo de envelhecimento e no bom controle glicemico.

Effects of technique, age and player’s role on serve and attack efficacy in high level beach volleyball players

The aim of the present study was to assess effects of technique of execution, age and player’s role on serve and attack efficacy. A total of 1.100 serves and 1.165 attacks from under-19, 927 serves and 1.015 attacks from under-21, and 1.564 serves and 1.854 attacks from senior were assessed through video match analysis. Techniques considered for serve were standing serve (SS), jump serve (JS) and float jump serve (FJS); and for attacks were spike and shot. All players were analysed according to their role (defenders or blockers). Results showed that defenders in under-19 and under-21 had better efficacy using SS and FJS, while in senior category the best efficacy was obtained through JS and FJS. Blockers had better efficacy using SS and FJS in all categories. The attack efficacy seems to be independent of player role, although it is related to technique and age. While in senior category attack efficacy was similar using spike and shot, in younger categories it was slightly higher when using spike. This study suggests that serve and attack present different efficacy profiles when considered the technique of execution, player role and age, and therefore it should be considered when planning training programs for teams throughout different phases of athlete development.

Modelling and Predicting Backstroke Start Performance Using Non-Linear And Linear Models

Abstract Our aim was to compare non-linear and linear mathematical model responses for backstroke start performance prediction. Ten swimmers randomly completed eight 15 m backstroke starts with feet over the wedge, four with hands on the highest horizontal and four on the vertical handgrip. Swimmers were videotaped using a dual media camera set-up, with the starts being performed over an instrumented block with four force plates. Artificial neural networks were applied to predict 5 m start time using kinematic and kinetic variables and to determine the accuracy of the mean absolute percentage error. Artificial neural networks predicted start time more robustly than the linear model with respect to changing training to the validation dataset for the vertical handgrip (3.95 ± 1.67 vs. 5.92 ± 3.27%). Artificial neural networks obtained a smaller mean absolute percentage error than the linear model in the horizontal (0.43 ± 0.19 vs. 0.98 ± 0.19%) and vertical handgrip (0.45 ± 0.19 vs. 1.38 ± 0.30%) using all input data. The best artificial neural network validation revealed a smaller mean absolute error than the linear model for the horizontal (0.007 vs. 0.04 s) and vertical handgrip (0.01 vs. 0.03 s). Artificial neural networks should be used for backstroke 5 m start time prediction due to the quite small differences among the elite level performances.

Performance differences between winning and losing under-19, under-21 and senior teams in men’s beach volleyball

Abstract This study aimed to compare beach volleyball performance indicators between winning and losing teams in different age groups. Game actions from the 2010 to 2011 Men’s World Championships were observed using video match analysis (6095 from under-19, 5138 from under-21 and 8705 from senior matches). Variables assessed were: number of points won in each complex of the game, number of points and errors by game action (serve, attack in side-out, attack in counterattack, block and other errors); and performance coefficient of game actions (serve, reception, set in side-out, set in counterattack, attack in side-out, attack in counterattack, block and dig). Practical significance of data was analysed using magnitude-based inferences. Results have showed similar patterns in the three age groups. There were differences in the game profile according to the game result and age group. Winning teams scored more points in counterattack: points from the opponent’s attack errors, counterattack points, block points and points from other errors. The article provides new insights to beach volleyball coaches and performance analysts, emphasising the need to consider the interaction between different performance indicators, both in training process and match analysis in beach volleyball.