Alexandre Luiz Gonçalves de Rezende

Galperin: implicações educacionais da teoria de formação das ações mentais por estágios

This paper is a theoretical study on the analysis of the pedagogical implications of the theory of the stepwise formation of mental actions, proposed by Galperin. It discusses the use of cognitive tools as auxiliary resources to think and promote learning. Galperin criticizes the teaching models adopted by school and, as an alternative, he proposes the conceptual-formative model that preconizes learning through practice, not only by acting but also by understanding and then explaining why and how one acts in this or that way when faced with a certain problematic situation. The objective is to teach how to apply a scheme of conceptual references (hints) directed to the acquisition of a global method to analyze the content to be learned (basic unit). Learners must find a better way to combine all the characteristics of the action (orientation, execution, problem and context) at the same time, and make their decision about how to act to solve a problem.

Brazilian physical education teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion before and after participation in a professional development workshop

The purpose of this study was to analyze the attitudes of physical education teachers about inclusion and teaching students with disabilities in Brazil before and after they participated in a professional development workshop focused on inclusive ideology and strategies. The participants were Brazilian physical education teachers (pretest sample, n = 90, and posttest sample, n = 90, respectively) sampled randomly from a two-day workshop held in Brasília, Brazil. The research method was pretest–posttest group design. The primary data source was the Physical Educators’ Judgments about Inclusion survey, a three-dimensional attitude survey scale with an accompanying demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicate the Brazilian physical education teachers: (a) were undecided about inclusion; (b) were accepting of students with disabilities in their classes; and (c) perceived a need for additional professional development training to effectively teach children with disabilities.

Estratégias de capacitação de professores do ensino fundamental em atividade física e alimentação saudável

The study evaluated the learning effects generated by long (IL) and short (IC) educational interventions in health eating and physical activity knowledge. 42 teachers from two public elementary schools completed knowledge questionnaires with a 0-10 grade, pre and post-intervention. IL offered a 40 hours course and IC offered a 30 minutes lecture, and both groups received the same printed educational material. The intervention produced a statistically significant (p<0.05) increased in averaged health eating knowledge [IL: +1.19 (SE=0.31) and CI: +1.18 (SE 0.34) points]. In physical activity, change in average knowledge was only statically significant in IL [IL + 1.69 (SE=0.52) and IC -0.36; (SE=0.45) points]. There were significant differences between groups in final notes for physical activity knowledge. Simple educational activities produced positive effects on health eating knowledge however, for physical activity may be necessary longer intervention.

Os efeitos da aprendizagem psicomotora no controle das atividades de locomoção sobre obstáculos em crianças com deficiência da visão

Since vision is one of the most important sensory systems called upon for locomotion because it provides information not only about the environment, but also about posture and movement of corporal segments, this study analyzed the effects of a psychomotor training program on the control of locomotion with six children with low vision. Thus, an assessment of locomotion during obstacle avoidance with different obstacle heights was performed based on the qualitative parameters: posture / balance / direction / velocity / visual contact with the obstacle / error on the task, and on kinematics parameters collected via motion analysis system (Peak Motus - 7.0 - Vicon Peak) to assess: the distance of the base foot in relation to obstacle position / the maximum elevation of the knee / the height of the foot in relation to obstacle height. The parameters were again analyzed after the training program, showing evidence of the positive effect of both the strategy of approximation and the strategy of going over the obstacle. On approximation, the walking velocity became more stable and the subjects walked straighter. During obstacle crossing, there was less contact between the foot and the obstacle. These results will help to understand the importance of psychomotor learning in educational programs, especially on adapted physical education, so as to contribute to better quality of life for children with low vision.