Alexandre Pires Rosa

Effects of canthaxanthin on the productive and reproductive performance of broiler breeders

The effects of supplementing canthaxanthin on productive and reproductive aspects of broiler breeders were examined in this study. In total, 360 female pullets and 36 roosters were placed in an open-sided house with 12 pens, each pen with an area of 7.0 m(2) (3.5 × 2.0 m). At 42 wk of age, the breeder hens and roosters were distributed into 2 experimental groups with similar BW and uniformity. From 46 to 66 wk of age, one group received 6 mg/kg of canthaxanthin supplemented in the diet and the other group received the diet without the addition of canthaxanthin (control diet). Body weight was measured every 28 d, the laying rate was calculated weekly, and mortality was evaluated at the end of the study. Twenty-one weekly incubations were performed to evaluate fertility and incubation responses. To evaluate the antioxidant effect of canthaxanthin at different storage times and during the incubation process, eggs from each treatment were subject to thiobarbituric reactive substances analysis. Body weight, mortality, and laying rate were not affected by the inclusion of canthaxanthin in the breeders diets. An increase in hatchability of total and fertile eggs (P ≤ 0.0001 and P ≤ 0.0003, respectively) in breeders fed canthaxanthin during the experimental period was observed. Canthaxanthin also improved breeder fertility and reduced embryo mortality. This can be attributed to reductions in embryo mortality in the first 48 h of incubation and in the last wk of incubation. No differences were observed in BW and quality of the chicks. A reduction of thiobarbituric reactive substances was observed in yolks from stored hatching eggs produced by breeders fed diets plus canthaxanthin. The same effect was observed in yolks of eggs stored for 4 d and incubated for 7 d. The supplementation of broiler breeder diets with canthaxanthin improved the hatchability rate, fertility, and reduced the presence of thiobarbituric reactive substances in eggs.

Temperatura corporal de frangos de corte em diferentes sistemas de climatização

The effect of different thermal control systems on broiler body temperature was evaluated in 610 female broiler chickens, Cobb breed, housed in 10 small scale of aviaries models (treatments). Climate data were collected inside the models and were used to calculate the Thermal Heat Load (THL). Bird surface and rectal temperature were recorded to calculate average body temperature (ABT). Data were always collected from 1:00 and 2:00 pm, the hour of maximum THL inside models. The treatments consisted of a factorial 2 × 5 (two orientations and five models of thermal control) and were analyzed as a randomized blocks design, where the days were blocking criteria. Environment and body temperature data were statically analyzed by Duncan test, with 5% of probability level. The use of forced ventilation associated to misting nozzles improved thermal behavior of the buildings resulting in better broilers physiological conditions. The adequate utilization of thermal control equipments allows to raise broiler chicks in houses with different solar orientation.

DESEMPENHO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE CRIADOS EM DIFERENTES DENSIDADES POPULACIONAIS, NO INVERNO, NO SUL DO BRASIL

The objective of this research was to determine the influence of the bird density: 10, 12, 14 and 16 birds/square meters on broilers performance, during winter time. After 21 days, the feed consumption was affected by different densities. The highest feed consumption was found on the lowest bird density (10 birds/square meters). The body weight was influenced by the density after 35 days. The lowest body weight was obtained on the highest density (16 birds/square meters). However, the carcass yield was not affected by density. The feed conversion was not affected significantil, When the body weight was reduced, the food intake was decreased too. The viability was not influencied by the densities. The economic analysis concluded that a linear benefit was found in increasing the bird density by 10 to 16 birds/square meters.

Uso de enzimas em dietas contendo níveis crescentes de farelo de arroz integral para frangos de corte

This experiment was conducted to determine the performance and carcass yeld of broilers fed diets based on increasing whole rice meal levels (WRM), with or without multienzyme complex supplementation. Nine hundred and sixty Cobb chicks, males and females, were allocated in a completely randomized design with eight treatments and six replicates with 20 birds. Four levels of WRM (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%), with and without supplementation of a multienzyme complex composed of protease, pentosanase e phytase enzymes were used in the experiment. The diets had the same levels of energy, protein, calcium and phosphorus in all the treatments. With the use of increasing levels of whole rice meal, there was significant reduction (P 0.05), however, in the diets supplemented with enzymes, the bio-economic index was 1.4% higher than the diets without supplementation.

Perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo aflatoxinas e/ou argila clinoptilolita natural

This study was aimed at evaluating the electrophoresis profile of serum protein in broilers fed with diets containing aflatoxins and natural clinoptilolite clay. Five hundred and twenty eight male broilers Ross were distributed in six treatments and each one with 4 replications: T1 – control (without aflatoxins or clinoptilolite), T2 –5ppm of aflatoxins, T3 –0.25% of clinoptilolite, T4 –5ppm of aflatoxins and 0.25% of clinoptilolite, T5 –0.5% of clinoptilolite and T6 – 5ppm of aflatoxins and 0.5% of clinoptilolite. The broilers were allocated in 24 boxes and submitted to a treatments for 42 days, when they were slaughtered. Total proteins, albumin fractions, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma were analyzed. Except gamma fraction the Tukey test showed differences (P<0.05) on serum total proteins and proteins fractions in all treatments which aflatoxin was present. The clinoptilolite did not modify (P<0.05) the serum proteins. The control broilers fed with diets containing aflatoxins and clinoptilolite presented low levels (P<0.05) of total protein, albumin, and globulins (alpha and beta fractions). In conclusion, aflatoxins change the electrophoresis profile and clinoptilolite is not able to protect avoid these changes.

Índices produtivos e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo níveis de extrato etanólico de própolis ou promotores de crescimento convencionais

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adicao de niveis de extrato etanolico de propolis ou promotores de crescimento convencionais nas dietas de frangos de corte, de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 924 frangos de corte machos, Ross, compondo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos de sete repeticoes cada. Os frangos receberam dietas isonutritivas que continham diferentes promotores de crescimento (T1 - controle negativo, sem promotor;T2 - 0,1% de Extrato Etanolico de Propolis (EEP);T3 - 0,2% EEP;T4 - 0,3% EEP;T5 - 0,03% Bacitracina Metileno Dissalicilato (BMD) e T6 - dieta contendo 0,005% Olaquindox mais Clorotetraciclina). O consumo alimentar diferiu significativamente (P 0,05), e a mortalidade ocorrida nao foi relacionada aos tratamentos. Quanto as caracteristicas de carcaca, somente o rendimento e peso de peito foram afetados, sendo que a dieta contendo Olaquindox mais Clorotetraciclina foi inferior as dietas sem promotor, contendo 0,1% EEP ou BMD. Conforme desempenho geral dos animais avaliados, conclui-se que a utilizacao de extrato etanolico de propolis em ate 0,3% na dieta de frangos de corte proporcionou desempenho similar ao controle negativo.

Effect of broiler breeders fed with corn or sorghum and canthaxanthin on lipid peroxidation, fatty acid profile of hatching eggs, and offspring performance

&NA; The aim of study was to evaluate the effect on broiler breeders fed with corn or sorghum diets and canthaxanthin on lipid peroxidation, fatty acid, and offsprings performance. A total of 440 females with similar body weight (BW) (3.77 ± 0.11 kg) and 60 roosters were placed in an open‐sided house with 20 pens, randomly distributed in a factorial arrangement (2 × 2). There were 4 diets of 2 ingredients; corn (CO) or sorghum (SO) and 2 levels of canthaxanthin; 6 mg/kg (CX) and 0 mg/kg (NCX) totaling five replicate pens of 22 females and 3 males each, from 45 to 65 wk old. The BW was measured every 28 days, carotenoid concentration, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), fatty acid profile (%) in egg yolks, and the performance from two incubations and their offspring were evaluated. The study had the same statistical design as broiler breeders, making a total of 4 groups with 10 replicate pens of 8 chicks each. The BW and mortality were not affected (P > 0.05) by diets. Egg yolks coming from the CO diet had the highest (P < 0.05) lutein (3.8 vs. 0.49 mg/kg) and zeaxanthin (4.25 vs. 0.22 mg/kg) concentration compared to SO diet. The SO+CX diet had the highest CX concentration (P < 0.0001). The SO+CX diet showed the lowest TBARS (P = 0.0002) in the egg yolk compared to the CO+CX diet. Egg yolks coming from breeders fed with CO showed a higher concentration of saturated fatty acids (23.36 vs. 21.44%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (27.17 vs. 24.96%). Egg yolks arising from broiler breeders fed with SO diets showed a higher concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared (15.29 vs. 12.88%). The CX reduced the offspring CO diets mortality and improved their viability at 64 wk‐old for the broiler breeders (P < 0.05). CX was well absorbed from the diet and effectively transferred to the egg yolk, thereby increasing its concentration in the yolk. This conferred resistance to oxidative stress to the yolk and also later to the developing embryo and its ultimate performance.

Desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com mistura de aditivos fitogênicos na dieta

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of blending phytogenic additives in broiler chicken diets on their growth performance and carcass yield. Six hundred and sixty mixed-sex broiler chicks, from 1 to 42 days of age, were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and six replicates of 22 chicks each (11 males and 11 females). Besides the control, treatments with antibiotic (10 ppm virginiamycin) or with blends of phytogenic additives were evaluated: blend A, 150 ppm of a mixture of essential oils from rosemary, clove, ginger, and oregano; blend B, 150 ppm of a mixture of essential oils from cinnamon, sage, white thyme, and copaiba oil-resin; and blend A+B, a mixture of 50% blend A and 50% blend B. Blend B provided the highest weight gain and better feed conversion rate at the period of 36 to 42 days of age. In the total experimental period, the antibiotic and blend B provided higher broiler weight gain. Feed intake was higher with the antibiotic than with the control. Blend A+B and the control treatment provided higher thigh+drumstick yield and higher relative weight of spleen. The blends B and A+B have potential as performance enhancers for broiler chicken.

Desempenho de frangos de corte oriundos de matrizes de corte submetidas a dietas contendo aflatoxinas e glucomananos esterificados como adsorvente

The performance of the progeny from breeders hens fed diets containing aflatoxins and esterified glucomannans as a mycotoxins adsorbent during four and eight weeks was evaluated. Two experiments were carried out with broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. In each study, one hundred and sixty 1-day old male chicks from broiler breeders fed diets with aflatoxins and mycotoxins adsorbent were used. The chicks were allocated in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and four replicates of eight birds each. In the diets supplied to the breeder chickens, aflatoxins were added at levels of 0, 0.500, or 0.750 mg/kg of the diet with or without 0.10% adsorbent. The two experiments were conducted in batteries installed in an environmental experimental controlled unit, where chicks received an aflatoxin-free diet during the entire trial period. The parameters studded were: body weight, weight gain, feed:gain ratio by weight gain, total plasmatic proteins, serum albumin, and liver and bursa weights at the first day of age. The addition of levels of up to 0.750 mg aflatoxins/kg and adsorbent in the breeders diets during eight weeks does not affect the performance or blood parameters of the broiler breeder progeny.

Diminuição dos níveis de cálcio e fósforo em dietas com farelo de arroz integral e enzimas sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte

The objective of this work was to study the effect of the growing levels of whole rice meal (WRM) on the performance of broilers chickens and to evaluate the reduction of the calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), when the diets were supplemented with enzymes exogenous. A total of 480 chicks (females) Cobb 12 days old were used, distributed in 8 treatments evaluating 4 levels of WRM (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%), with and without supplementation of a multienzyme complex, with 3 repetitions of 20 poultries for treatment. In the diets that contained enzymes, the levels of Ca and P were decreased in 0,1%, in all the development phases. With the addition of growing levels of Whole rice meal in the diets, there was a significant lineal regression (P 0.05). The enzymatic supplementation in the different levels of WRM didn’t present significant statistical difference. The use of low levels of Ca and P didn’t harm the acting of the birds.