Alexis Nicaise Lepengue

Antibacterial activity against β- lactamase producing Methicillin and Ampicillin-resistants Staphylococcus aureus: fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) determination

BackgroundThe present study reports the antibacterial capacity of alkaloid compounds in combination with Methicillin and Ampicillin-resistants bacteria isolated from clinical samples. The resistance of different bacteria strains to the current antibacterial agents, their toxicity and the cost of the treatment have led to the development of natural products against the bacteria resistant infections when applied in combination with conventional antimicrobial drugs.MethodThe antibacterial assays in this study were performed by using inhibition zone diameters, MIC, MBC methods, the time-kill assay and the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) determination. On the whole, fifteen Gram-positive bacterial strains (MRSA/ARSA) were used. Negative control was prepared using discs impregnated with 10 % DMSO in water and commercially available Methicillin and Ampicillin from Alkom Laboratories LTD were used as positive reference standards for all bacterial strains.ResultsWe noticed that the highest activities were founded with the combination of alkaloid compounds and conventional antibiotics against all bacteria strains. Then, results showed that after 7 h exposition there was no viable microorganism in the initial inoculums.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that alkaloid compounds in combination with conventional antibiotics (Methicillin, Ampicillin) exhibited antimicrobial effects against microorganisms tested. These results validate the ethno-botanical use of Cienfuegosia digitata Cav. (Malvaceae) in Burkina Faso. Moreover, this study demonstrates the potential of this herbaceous as a source of antibacterial agent that could be effectively used for future health care purposes.

Antimicrobial activity of polyphenol-rich fractions from Sida alba L. (Malvaceae) against co- trimoxazol-resistant bacteria strains

BackgroundThe increased resistance of microorganisms to the currently used antimicrobials has lead to the evaluation of other agents that might have antimicrobial activity. Medicinal plants are sources of phytochemicals which are able to initiate different biological activities including antimicrobialsMaterials and methodsIn vitro antibacterial (MIC, MBC and time-kill studies) of polyphenol-rich fractions from Sida alba L. (Malvaceae) was assessed using ten bacteria strains (Gram-negative and Gram-positive).ResultsAll test bacteria were susceptible to the polyphenol-rich fractions. Time-kill results showed that after 5 h exposition there was no viable microorganism in the initial inoculum and the effect of polyphenol-rich fractions was faster on Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive bacterium) comparatively to the other bacteria strains.ConclusionThe data analysis indicates that the tested of polyphenol-rich fractions has significant effects when compared with the standard antibiotic. These results therefore justify the traditional use of sida alba L., alone or in combination with other herbs to treat bacterial infections.

Free radical scavenging capacity, anticandicidal effect of bioactive compounds from Sida Cordifolia L., in combination with nystatin and clotrimazole and their effect on specific immune response in rats

BackgroundInfectious diseases caused by fungi are still a major threat to public health, despite numerous efforts by researchers. Use of ethnopharmacological knowledge is one attractive way to reduce empiricism and enhance the probability of success in new drug-finding efforts. In this work, the total alkaloid compounds (AC) from Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae) have been investigated for their free radical scavenging capacity, antifungal and immunostimulatory properties.MethodThe antifungal activity was investigated against five candida strains using the microplate dilution method and the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) of compounds was evaluated. The antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluate using three separate methods, at last, the immunostimulatory effect on immunosuppressed wistar rats was performed.ResultsAs for the antifungal activity, result varied according to microorganism. The results obtained in this antifungal activity were interesting and indicated a synergistic effect between alkaloid compounds and the antifungal references such as Nystatin and Clotrimazole. Antioxidant capacity noticed that the reduction capacity of DPPH radicals obtained the best result comparatively to the others methods of free radical scavenging. Our results showed a low immunostimulatory effect and this result could be explained by the lack of biologically active antioxidants such as polyphenol compounds lowly contained in the alkaloid compounds.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that alkaloid compounds in combination with antifungal references (Nystatin and Clotrimazole) exhibited antimicrobial effects against candida strains tested. The results supported the utilization of these plants in infectious diseases particularly in treatment of candida infections.

Bio-efficacy of medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Gabon. An ethnopharmacological approach -

Background/Aim: People suffering of diabetes increased significantly worldwide. Population, in Sub-Saharan Africa and mainly in Gabon, rely on medicinal plants to manage diabetes, as well in rural as in urban areas. This study aimed to survey a wide range of Gabonese plants for their antidiabetic activity. Materials and Methods: This study focused on the identification of medicinal plants used in the local treatment of diabetes mellitus. Ethnobotanical investigations were carried out in rural and urban areas of three provinces of Gabon using a semi-structured interview. Results: About 50 plant species belonging to 31 families and 50 genera were recorded, a majority of which have been documented previously to have medicinal properties. Most have documented antidiabetic properties with characterized therapeutic chemical compounds. Of the plant parts used for treatment, stem barks were employed most frequently (50%), followed by leaves (26%); the remaining 24% comprised roots, fibers, fruit, bulbs, flowers, rhizom, skin, and stem. Regarding the mode of preparation, decoction was the most widely used (58%), followed by maceration (18%) and infusion (14%). Almost all the plant products were administered orally (98%). Conclusions: Taken in concert, this study highlights the possibility of exploiting traditional knowledge of specific medicinal plants for the inexpensive treatment and management of diabetes.

EFFET DES CONCENTRATIONS EN MANGANÈSE DU SOL SUR LA CROISSANCE DU MANIOC (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) AU GABON

Introduction: Renal failure underlies various etiologies among which are infectious and autoimmune origins which may link directly or indirectly with blood groups. Objectives: To determine the frequency of blood groups among a sample of patients with renal failure at Royal medical services, and to investigate the association of renal function tests with blood groups. Methodology: A retrospective study design was followed to collect data from files of patients with renal failure. Files of renal patients was included if blood groups were written and kidney function tests were provided. A data sheet was made for each patient that included relevant information about renal patients. A total of 197 files were reviewed. Data were entered into excel sheet to make raw data for all patients. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS V20. Data were presented as frequencies and percentages. The relationships between blood groups and renal function tests were investigated using T-independent test. Significance was considered at alpha level 0.05), except for potassium level which was observed in its maximal level among patients with blood group A, and its minimal levels were observed among patients with blood group AB (p=0.032). Conclusions: The present study showed that renal failure patients exhibited more frequency with blood groups A and O and agreed with other studies in which blood group AB is the least associated blood group with renal failure. The level of potassium was highest in patients with blood group A and lowest in patients with blood group AB and this was statistically significant (p=0.032).

Analyse De Quelques Parametres De Consommation De Wavé-Fortex, Un Complement Alimentaire Naturel Du Gabon

Wave-fortex is a food supplement developed by Masuku University of Science and Technology (USTM) in Gabon. It aims at fighting against metabolic diseases, especially impotence, fatigue and sexual weakness, hypertension, overweight and cardiac arrhythmias. This study was conducted in order to analyze the distribution of consumption by type of diseases. The results revealed that Wave-fortex is mainly consumed for problems of sexual dysfunction (41%), general fatigue (20%) and hypertension (15%). In terms of gender, men are the main consumers at 73%. Their consumption is mainly due to sexual stability concerns (51%), general fatigue (24%) and hypertension (23%). Among women, the concerns are rather overweight (32%) and hypertension (29%), before sexual disorders (21%). Wave-fortex is a product mainly consumed in Gabon (70%), Congo (14%), Cameroon (6%) and France (2.5%), by patients aged between 30 and 70 years.

Mise Au Point D’un Protocole De Sterilisation D’explants Nodaux D’alchornea Cordifolia Avec De L’acide Triclororoisocyanurique

The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of internal and external knowledge on innovation and also how innovation influences the profitability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The research is focused on a sample of 412 companies from the industrial and services sectors of the southern region of the State of Sonora, Mexico. Data collection was carried out from June to October 2014, with the support of a selfdirected survey of company managers. For the analysis of the model and validation of the structured relationships, the structural equation method (SEM) based on the variance has been used through the use of the PLS technique (Partial Least Square) with support of the software SmartPLS version 3.2.6 Professional. The results show that both internal and external knowledge have a positive and significant influence on the innovation in products and processes that is developed in SMEs. In addition, product innovation has a significant and positive impact on the profitability of companies. In contrast, a significant but negative relationship was found between process innovation and the profitability of SMEs. It is important that owners and managers continue to capture and use knowledge in order to improve innovation. In addition, it is advisable to implement plans and actions to improve product and process innovation to raise the level of profitability. This work contributes mainly to the development of the literature on absorption capacity (CA) and the theory of resources and capabilities (R&C).