Alf L. Andersson

Adaptive regulation of visual after-effect duration and social-emotional adjustment

Abstract In the first section of this paper, adaptive figural (FAE) and spiral (SAE) after-effect processes, in a sample of university students, are examined from their initial changing stages up to more stable stages. The duration of after- effect is used as a unit in ten/thirty massed trials with inducing periods of equal length. The individual processes mainly differ in degree of linear change (decrease-increase) of performance during ten opening trials, and in (initial, mean, final, stabilized) level of performance. Parameters are found for characterizing these variations and expressing the effects of retest after a two week interval. The retest and parallel test coefficients are all positive; .25 to .62 for the parameter of performance change; .46 to .94 for the parameters of performance level. In the second section, it is proposed that the progressive change of after- effect duration dicloses selective emphasis on either intraceptive (intangible, subjective) or extraceptive (tangible, objective) perception, and a heuristic model of interindividual variations in adaptive regulation of quantity attributes of intraceptive perception is outlined. The initial and stabilized levels of after-effect duration and the linear change of after-effect duration before stabilization are used as reference variables. Five subgroups are identified as having different characteristics in these dimension. The subgroups are compared with respect to their predicted social-emotional adjustment, classified as extraverted, ambiverted, introverted, primitive-hysteric, anxiety-hysteric and dysthymic, and measured by means of profile scores on five self-report dimensions from the Maudsley Personality Inventory and the Marke-Nyman Temperament Scale. The predictions made for the subgroups are on the whole confirmed.

ADAPTIVE VISUAL AFTEREFFECT PROCESSES AS RELATED TO PATTERNS OF COLOUR-WORD INTERFERENCE SERIALS

Five subgroups, showing different adaptive patterns on repeated massed measurement of duration of figural (FAE) and spiral (SAE) aftereffects, are compared with respect to their adaptive patterns in a conflicting and habit-interfering situation, defined by a “serial” version of a colour-word test (CWT). Classification of aftereffect subgroups is based on parameters derived from duration of initial aftereffect and from linear change of duration of aftereffect during 10 trials. An attempt is made towards an inclusive description of variations in CWT behaviour. Thus, CWT clusters simultaneously denote features of initial performance level of subtests; consecutive change of within-subtest performance for five subtests; and finally, consecutive (linear and non-linear) change of performance within first three subtests. CWT clusters correlating with the different aftereffect subgroups are interpreted as being indicative of the degree of liability to neurotic behaviour and of variations in behaviour intensities.

Individual Consistencies in Adaptation to Negative Afterimages and Spiral Aftereffects.

The study compares results from two experiments performed with 38 Ss, one experiment on the duration of spiral aftereffects (SAE), the other on the size, brightness and color of projected negative afterimages (AI). In both experiments stimulus presentations were repeated until the series of data thus obtained were reasonably stabilized at a “final level.” SAE correlated with AI as regards both this final level and the progression of change preceding it if in the latter experiment size and brightness data were combined. AI color was also related to SAE duration.

An attempt at distinguishing subgroups of women with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa by means of the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI).

In an attempt to identitfy diagnostically meaningful subgroups in a group of sixty women 18–34 years of age, 19 of them having a DSM-IV diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and 41 of bulimia nervosa, a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed on their data obtained from the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). Variables also taken into account in the cluster analysis were those of the main diagnosis, depression, personality disorder, binge eating, purging, Body Mass Index (BMI), and exercise. Five distinct clusters were found. Six of the eight EDI variables and fourteen of the twenty DMTm variables were represented in the description of the clusters. One anorexic and one bulimic cluster included DMTm signs previously found in patients with fibromyalgia. Two bulimic clusters included DMTm signs previously observed in patients with either distal or total ulcerative colitis. Hysteria was linked with the remaining anorexic cluster. On both EDI and DMTm the two main groups of anorexic and bulimic patients displayed few differences. It was mainly the various constellations of DMTm variables, interpreted in terms of the Andersson developmental and psychodynamic model of the mind, that were crucial for understanding the five clusters obtained.

RELATION BETWEEN SPIRAL AFTEREFFECT DURATION AND ROD-AND-FRAME TEST PERFORMANCE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

A group of 38 preschool children, aged 63 to 82 mo., were divided into subgroups of short, long and intermediate spiral aftereffect duration. The group with an intermediate score was assumed to have reached a stage of relative autonomy from both extraceptive (nonself) and intraceptive (self) factors of perception. As predicted, this group was neither as dependent on the visual field in the Rod-and-frame Test as the other two groups, nor did it score as extremely independent of that field.

Effects of extraneous stimulation on afterimage adaptation.

Abstract Projected afterimages (AI) were measured serially with respect to size, intensity, and color. It was predicted that an acoustic signal administered before completion of the adaptive AI process would cause (1) disruption of ongoing trends, (2) regression to initial trends, (3) prolongation of the adaptive process, and (4) at least some defensive reactions. These predictions were substantiated in a group of 28 subjects compared with a control group of 28. In a second experiment where the signal was administered late in the AI series, only few effects were observed.

Failure Analysis With a New Tool Geometry, X-Die, in Areas With High Tension/Compression Strains

Sheet-metal forming involves a complex strain distribution over the part. The strains consist of tension, compression, and a mix of both. A geometry has been developed, the X-Die, in order to gain insight into the strain behavior of different materials. The X-Die enables strain paths far into the tension/compression region, thus creating the possibility to extend the experimental base both for definition and for further extrapolation of the Forming Limit Curve (FLC) in the tension/compression region, as well as to evaluate FE-simulation results for the same region.Today, evaluation of cracks is made by using FLC. In the conventional test methods, the strains only reach 40% compression (true strain) and often much lower percentages. In conventional test methods, the FLC for any region beyond these levels is extrapolated from existing data.The experimental test proposed in this work consists of a geometry, the X-die, which has shown that rates of 70% tension/compression can be reached (point 0.7/−0.7 in the FLC). Thereby, the region for prediction of cracks on the compression side can be extended in the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD). Furthermore, the strain paths are easy to follow and the limits when cracks appear can be evaluated. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the behavior depends on the material quality. Qualities such as Extreme High Strength Steel (EHSS) and Aluminum have a limited tension/compression rate due to failure in plane strain tension. Material qualities with high r-values, e.g. Mild steel and High Strength Steel (HSS), reach high tension/compression rates before failure and have regions with clearly defined strain signatures. This will be favorable for comparison with numerical simulations, especially for strain signatures in the tension/compression region. Furthermore, the experiments did not indicate any limitation in the compression region besides the one defined in the normal procedure in creation of an FLC.This geometry is favorable to calibrate simulation results, in order to analyze prediction of strains located on the left side in an FLD. ©2007 American Institute of Physics (Less)

Psychiatric Assessment of Children

An attempt is made to demonstrate the relevance of a diagnostic method described in a preceding paper by comparing observations in 95 children aged 7–8 with independent findings in their mothers. The