Alfred M. Freedman

Perceptual Shifting and Set in Normal School Children of Different Reading Achievement Levels

The present study was an exploratory investigation carried out to compare the performances of normal school children of differenc reading achievement levels on an especially designed reaction time task. This research was part of a larger program being conducted by the Mental Health Research Center in Learning Disabilities, dealing with the developmental problems of learning which children have in the school situation. The perceptual task consisting of programmed visual and auditory stimuli was thought to be related to the perceptual processes that operate in learning to read. In working wich a similar reaction time task, Mowrer (1940) predicted chat, if human subjects are instrucced to make the same, identical response to either of two radically different stimuli whenever either type of stimulus is presented, their response latencies will materially increase if an uninterrupted series of one rype of stimulus is followed (unexpectedly) by the ocher type of stimulus (p. 359). This prediction was supported by his findings, and together with lacer work done by Sutton, Hakerem, Portnoy, and Zubin (1959) provides the theoretical basis for the present undertaking. Comparisons were made to examine TWO problems. (1) The relative ease wich which children of differenc reading achievement levels could respond to a stimulus in one sensory modality after responding to a stimulus in a different sensory modality. This process will be referred to hereafter as modality shift. ( 2 ) Set formation (intra-modal) to both light and sound between good readers and retarded readers. Such data should also provide information as to the development of particular sensory modality efficiency in school children and thus help to establish some criteria for the early identification of problem readers on a sensory modality basis.

Drug Therapy in Behavior Disorders

What do you do to start reading drug therapy for behavior disorders? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. Its not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this drug therapy for behavior disorders.