Alfred R. Hale

Experimental Coxsackie virus B4 valvulitis in cynomolgus monkeys

Abstract Valvular lesions were found in 6 of 7 cynomolgus monkeys inoculated intravenously with Coxsackie virus B 4 . Typical valvular lesions of mitral stenosis were found in 2 monkeys, verrucous aortic valvulitis was found in 2 monkeys, and verrucous mitral valvulitis was found in 3 monkeys. Viral antigen was identified in the valves of the 3 monkeys in whom fluorescent antibody staining was carried out. Valvular lesions were not found in 2 monkeys inoculated with virus-free monkey kidney culture fluid. These studies demonstrate that Coxsackie virus produces valvular lesions in cynomolgus monkeys. Since Coxsackie viruses are among the most common infective agents of man, and since a substantial number of patients with chronic valvular disease give no history of rheumatic fever, it is suggested that some instances of valvulitis in man may be due to viral rather than rheumatic disease.

Endocarditis in Mice Infected with Coxsackie Virus B4

Endocarditis has not been generally considered to be a complication of viral infection. We show that mural and valvular endocarditis can be produced in mice infected with Coxsackie virus B4. Because this virus commonly infects man and is highly cardiotropic, it is important to know whether it produces valvular lesions in man similar to those we describe in mice.

Studies in cerebral circulation. Methods for the qualitative and quantitative study of human cerebral blood vessels

Abstract Injection of 138 normal and pathologic human brains has led to the development of standardized methods for the comprehensive study of cerebral blood vessels. A device for the rapid parallel sectioning of the whole human brain at 1 to 5 mm. is described. Modified x-ray techniques are presented which provide for the stereoscopic study of intracerebral arteries and veins without destruction of the specimen or alteration of staining properties. Procedures for the quantitative study of capillary angioarchitecture in normal and pathologic brains are presented, and methods for the differential study of vascularity in absolute terms are described. Preliminary observations are used as illustrations.

Relation of Morphology of Volar Cutaneous Blood Vessels of Man To Countercurrent Thermal Flow in Thermal Regulation

Supported by grants from the U. S. Public Health Service. * From the Department of Medicine, Feazel Laboratory for the Study of Migraine and Cerebral Circulation, Tulane University School of Medicine and the Charity Hospital of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana. The concept of countercurrent thermal flow and black body radiation by the skin has been emphasized as a mechanism for control of body temperature. The measurements and descriptions to be presented are believed to develop these concepts since they are functionally related to the

Studies in cerebral circulation. Methods for the stereoscopic demonstration of the human cerebral microcirculation. Preliminary observations on the arterial supply of the red nucleus

Abstract Methods for the development of three-dimensional stereograms of cerebral blood vessels and the microcirculation of the human red nucleus have been presented. The method is reproducible and provides lantern-slide material which an audience of 50 to 100 persons can view in three dimensions. Appropriately processed anatomic materials, wax models, three-dimensional graphs, and other photographic data which do not require full color can be used; and although the methods described were developed for the demonstration of cerebral blood vessels, they are applicable to the vasculature of any organ. The virtue of three-dimensional observation of the angioarchitecture of any organ cannot be appreciated fully until experienced. Certain preliminary observations concerning the arterial circulation to the posterior thalamic and posteroinferior extrapyramidal nuclei are presented. The various nuclei seem to have a unique arterial supply without obvious intra-arterial anastomoses where that supply is dual and from a different parent vessel. When, as in the case of the nucleus ruber, part of the dual supply is derived from primary ganglionic radicles which originate from the same parent vessel, interarterial anastomoses of large caliber occur.