Alfredo Hidalgo-San Martín

Conocimiento objetivo y subjetivo sobre el VIH/SIDA como predictor del uso de condón en adolescentes

Objective. To evaluate the association between objective and subjective knowledge on HIV/AIDS and condom use. Material and Methods. Analysis of a database from an anonymous, self-applied, randomized survey conducted between 1995 and 1996. Study subjects were 1 410 adolescents of four socioeconomic strata from Guadalajara, Mexico. Objective knowledge was assessed with 24 questions regarding HIV/AIDS, and subjective knowledge with the question “how much do you think you know about HIV/AIDS?” The variables associated with condom use were identified using logistic regression analysis and by calculating odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. Results. The degree of objective knowledge was “average”, differentiated by socioeconomic strata (p< 0.001), and was higher in adolescents from medium and high socioeconomic strata (p< 0.008). Regarding subjective knowledge, adolescents from the low, medium, and high socioeconomic strata claimed to know “a little”, and the ones from the lowest stratum claimed to know “very little”. Condom use was higher in males (35.4%), and in adolescents from high socioeconomic strata (p< 0.005), than in females (15.3%) (p< 0.001). Although there was a correlation between ob

Sources of information and their relationship to the degree of knowledge of AIDS, in adolescents of Mexico

INTRODUCCION: En Mexico 2,1% de casos con SIDA son adolescentes. Los casos de 20 a 29 anos alcanzan a 30,5% y una proporcion importante pudo infectarse VIH en la adolescencia. El nivel de conocimientos de los adolescentes sobre VIH/SIDA es variable. En contextos urbanos poseen conceptos errados y mitos que podrian orientarlos a practicas riesgosas. Los medios masivos e interpersonales son fuentes importantes de informacion en la construccion social del VIH/SIDA en los adolescentes. El objetivo es relacionar el grado de conocimientos sobre VIH/SIDA con la exposicion a fuentes informativas masivas e interpersonales en los adolescentes de Guadalajara, Mexico. MATERIAL Y METODO: Encuesta a 1.410 adolescentes, varones y mujeres de 15 a 19 anos, en diferentes estratos socio-economicos. Se aplicaron pruebas de significacion Ji Cuadrada y BTukey, Intervalos de Confianza del 95% para proporciones y medias y ANOVA factorial simple. RESULTADO: Hay un nivel regular de conocimientos con medias favorables a los estratos alto y medio. La informacion de periodicos y profesores tuvo relacion directa con el nivel de conocimientos controlada por la exposicion a la television y variables socio-demograficas. CONCLUSIONES: Hay desigualdades por estratos socio-economicos en la relacion de las fuentes informativas y los niveles de conocimientos sobre VIH/SIDA. Es necesario fortalecer y desarrollar acciones educativas por fuentes masivas e interpersonales, con enfasis en estratos bajo y marginado.1410 adolescents aged 15-19 years of both sexes and of varying socioeconomic strata in Guadalajara completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires concerning their sources of information and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The objective was to determine the relation between sources of information and degree of knowledge to guide future information campaigns. 95% of the adolescents knew about AIDS. 79% received information from television 39% from radio 26% from magazines and 16% from newspapers. The media identified as the most important sources of information on AIDS were television (60%) and newspapers and magazines (25% each). Except for television access to the mass media was greater in the high and medium socioeconomic strata. Interpersonal sources of information on HIV/AIDS included teachers for 39% family members for 38% friends for 32% and physicians for 26%. Access to information through interpersonal means was always higher in higher strata. The adolescents had a fair degree of knowledge of AIDS averaging 13.9 correct answers out of 24 questions. The average numbers correct were 15.7 in the high 14.3 in the medium 13.5 in the low and 12.9 in the marginal strata. Analysis of variance demonstrated that newspapers were the only mass source of information presenting direct positive relation with level of knowledge. Among interpersonal relations information from teachers had the greatest positive association with level of knowledge.INTRODUCTION: In Mexico 2.1% of the cases of AIDS are in adolescents. The cases of AIDS in the age group of 20 to 29 account for 30.5% of all the cases and an important proportion could have been infected with HIV in their adolescence, in view of the longth of the incubation period from the infection with HIV to the manifestation of the syndrome. The adolescents knowledge of HIV/AIDS varies. In some urban contexts the adolescents have lay concepts and myths that could guide them into misting practices that could lead to contamination by HIV. The mass media, especially television, and interpersonal sources such as teachers, parents and peers are important sources of information about HIV/AIDS and have a central role in the social construction and public perception of the problem in adolescents. The objective of the study is to relate the degree of knowledge of HIV/AIDS to the exposure to information sources among adolescents in Guadalajara city, in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Survey sample with autoapplied questionnaire. Sample of 1,410 adolescents, male and female, of 15 to 19 years of age, in the four socioeconomic strata. The Chi-square and BTukey tests, 95% confidence interval for proportions and means, and simple ANOVA factor were applied. RESULTS: A considerate degree of knowledge (mean of 13.94 correct answer out of 24, standard deviation=4.09, 95% CI=13.69-14.11) was found significant mean differences in favor of the high (15.70) and medium (14.26) strata as opposed to the low (13.51) and marginalized (12.85) (F=19.39, p <.0001, BTukey level .050). The information published by the newspapers (F=11.1; p <.001) and the teachers (F=3.72; p < .05) had a direct relationship to the degree of knowledge imported by the daily exposure to the television and other social demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results describe the presence of inequalities by socioeconomic strata in the list of sources in information and the levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. It is necessary to strengthen and develop educational action and the publication of messages through the media, institutions and interpersonal networks, with emphasis on interpersonal and media sources available to the low and marginalized strata, and at the same time, to strengthen the action of sources of information available to the other socioeconomic strata.

Calidad de vida, según percepción y comportamientos de control del peso por género, en estudiantes universitarios adolescentes en México

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la calidad de vida (CV), segun auto percepcion del peso corporal y comportamientos de control de peso, por genero, en 2.401 estudiantes de 17 a 19 anos de primer ingreso en un centro universitario en Mexico del 2007 al 2009; 61,9% mujeres, 80,6% no trabajaban y 99,2% solteros. Se auto administro en linea un cuestionario generico de CV (YQOL-R) modulo perceptual, y siete items acerca del peso adaptados del YRBS 2007. Se observo que un 52% de mujeres y un 31,7% de hombres trataba de bajar de peso. CV mas alta para peso cercano al correcto, quienes trataban de mantenerse en su peso y los que hacian ejercicio; CV mas baja para quienes reportaron mucho sobrepeso, mujeres que trataban de bajar de peso, comian menos, dejaban de comer, hacian dieta sin supervision, vomitaban o tomaban laxantes. En mujeres la CV fue diferente si trataban de mantenerse, subir o bajar de peso; en hombres solo al tratar de subir. Esta informacion puede ser de utilidad para procesos educativos, programas de prevencion y para evaluar las intervenciones.

Comportamientos de riesgo de ITS/SIDA en adolescentes trabajadores de hoteles de Puerto Vallarta y su asociación con el ambiente laboral

OBJETIVO: Explorar comportamientos de riesgo de ITS/ SIDA de adolescentes trabajadores de hoteles de Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, y su asociacion con el ambiente laboral. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio transversal, comparativo, en una poblacion de 288 adolescentes trabajadores durante 1998 en 38 hoteles de Puerto Vallarta. Variables: condicion laboral, situacion ambiental, comportamiento de riesgo de ITS/SIDA, caracteristicas sociodemograficas. Estadisticas descriptivas, asociativas y predictivas: t test, RM y regresion logistica. RESULTADOS: Edad promedio 17.7 anos; 71.5% hombres; activos sexualmente 53%; con uno o mas comportamientos de riesgo de ITS/SIDA, (93.6%): nunca o raramente usa condon (77.3.1%); beber antes de relaciones sexuales (41%); promiscuidad (29.9%), y relaciones anales (9.2%). Factores asociados: percibir el ambiente estimulante para relaciones sexuales (RM 2.36); beber antes de coito: companeros (RM 2.52) y huespedes (RM 2.60); norma de poder invitar huespedes al cuarto (RM 4.46); Variables confusoras: genero masculino (RM 3.14), casados o en union libre (RM 21.19) y 18-19 anos (RM 3.11). CONCLUSIONES: Hay alta frecuencia de comportamiento de riesgo de ITS/SIDA, asociados con algunos factores ambientales.

Actividad física, conductas sedentarias y calidad de vida en adolescentes universitarios de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México

With the aim of evaluating the association between physical activity and sedentary behavior with quality of life (QoL) in undergraduate students of Ciudad Guzman, state of Jalisco, Mexico, a total of 881 adolescents aged between 17 and 19 were studied. Online questionnaires were used, namely the research version of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Odd ratios (OR) were obtained using simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The number of days with physical activity was related to a higher total perceptual score, higher general QoL domain, higher self domain as well as higher environment domain. Playing in > 2 sports teams was related to a higher total perceptual score, higher general QoL domain, higher self domain as well as higher environment domain. Having 4-5 physical education classes/week was related with a higher general QoL domain. Limiting recreational screen time to < 2 hours/day was related with a higher relationship domain. In conclusion, in Mexican undergraduate adolescent students, higher QoL was associated with: physical activity at least 4 days/week; physical education classes 4 or more days/week; playing in 2 or more sports teams and limiting recreational screen time to 2 hours or less.

Comportamientos de riesgo de suicidio y calidad de vida, por género, en adolescentes mexicanos, estudiantes de preparatoria

The study of pre-suicidal behaviors is important not only because of their association with suicide but also because of their impact on quality of life (QOL). Given the scarcity of information regarding this relationship in adolescence, the objective of this study was to analyze the association between suicidal-related behavior and QOL according to gender in adolescent Mexican high school students. This cross-sectional study was conducted with participants between 14 and 18 years of age. A translated version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey and the Spanish version of the Youth Quality of Life Research - Instrument version were used. Non-parametric tests were applied. Informed consent was obtained from parents and students, and ethical committee approval was sought. The developmental-transactional model of suicidal behavior in adolescents by Bridge et al. was used. Separate analyses were conducted for males and females to show the suicidal-related behaviors associated with QOL. The behavior of having felt sad or hopeless generally presented the greatest effect sizes. The regression models showed that some suicidal-related behaviors increase the probability of a lower QOL even after adjusting for covariates.The study of pre-suicidal behaviors is important not only because of their association with suicide but also because of their impact on quality of life (QOL). Given the scarcity of information regarding this relationship in adolescence, the objective of this study was to analyze the association between suicidal-related behavior and QOL according to gender in adolescent Mexican high school students. This cross-sectional study was conducted with participants between 14 and 18 years of age. A translated version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey and the Spanish version of the Youth Quality of Life Research - Instrument version were used. Non-parametric tests were applied. Informed consent was obtained from parents and students, and ethical committee approval was sought. The developmental-transactional model of suicidal behavior in adolescents by Bridge et al. was used. Separate analyses were conducted for males and females to show the suicidal-related behaviors associated with QOL. The behavior of having felt sad or hopeless generally presented the greatest effect sizes. The regression models showed that some suicidal-related behaviors increase the probability of a lower QOL even after adjusting for covariates.

Validación de un cuestionario para el estudio del comportamiento sexual, social y corporal, de adolescentes escolares

OBJETIVO: Validar un cuestionario autoadministrado de comportamientos sexuales, sociales y corporales para adolescentes por nivel escolar y genero. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Instrumento de 26 preguntas construido segun DeVellis, aplicado en un estudio longitudinal prospectivo, hecho en 1994 a 1 243 alumnos y alumnas de secundaria y preparatoria en Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Validez de constructo establecida por analisis factorial exploratorio y la confiabilidad por la prueba Alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Aparecen cinco factores en hombres usando valores propios (eigenvalue) >1 y cinco en mujeres, forzando la mejor solucion. Veinte factores explican entre 59.3 y 70.6% de varianza, con promedio de pesos factoriales de 0.63- 0.75, y con 13 factores diferentes. El promedio de Alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.87-0.93 y en 16 factores hubo valores de Alpha de 0.71 o mas. CONCLUSIONES: Cuestionario para poblaciones equivalentes con validez de constructo y confiabilidad interna aceptables.

Bullying and health-related quality of life in children and adolescent Mexican students

Previous studies have reported a relationship between being a victim of bullying, but no studies have been carried out with Mexican students; notwithstanding the high scores of bullying in Mexico in international rankings. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between being a victim of bullying and lower HRQoL among schoolchildren and adolescents in Mexico. This cross-sectional and correlational study involved 2225 students from 22 elementary, middle and high schools. HRQoL was assessed with the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire and bullying with the social adaptation dimension of KIDSCREEN-52. Bivariate associations were evaluated, and a multivariate logistic regression was utilized. The prevalence of victims of bullying was 17.3%. Being a victim of bullying was double the risk of having a lower HRQoL than not being a victim after adjusting for health perception, gender and age, OR 2.3 (1.7-3.1). As the Wilson and Cleary Model of Quality of Life explains, individual characteristics, such as, being a victim of bullying are associated with quality of life. Similar findings in the existing literature imply that bullying is a global phenomenon that impacts the victimized child or adolescents life in different ways.