Ali Aycicek

Decreased total antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative stress in passive smoker infants and their mothers

Abstract Background : Smoking has many adverse health effects in infants and adults. The purpose of the study was to study the effect of passive cigarette smoking on oxidative and antioxidative status of plasma in passive smoker infants and their mothers and to compare with those of non‐smokers.

Total oxidant/antioxidant status in jaundiced newborns before and after phototherapy

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of phototherapy on serum oxidant and antioxidant status in hyperbilirubinemic full-term newborns. METHOD Thirty-four full-term infants from 3 to 10 days of age exposed to phototherapy were studied. The serum antioxidant status was assessed by measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and individual antioxidant components: vitamin C, uric acid, albumin, thiol contents and total bilirubin. The oxidant status was assessed by determining the total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and individual oxidant components: malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid hydroperoxide levels. RESULTS Vitamin C, uric acid, total bilirubin and MDA concentration were significantly lower, whereas serum TOS, lipid hydroperoxide and OSI levels were significantly higher after phototherapy (p < 0.05). There were significant positive correlations between serum total bilirubin and MDA (r = 0.434, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although the MDA level was reduced after phototherapy, phototherapy has a negative impact on numerous parts of the oxidant/antioxidant defense system in jaundiced full-term newborns, exposing them to potential oxidative stress.

The Effects of Carbamazepine, Valproic Acid and Phenobarbital on the Oxidative and Antioxidative Balance in Epileptic Children

Background: Oxidative stress has been related in a wide variety of ways with nervous tissue. We studied the effect of antiepileptic monotherapy on serum level of total antioxidant capacity, lipid hydroperoxide, total peroxide, oxidative stress index, and individual serum antioxidants such as albumin, bilirubin and uric acid. Patients and Methods: We studied 122 subjects including healthy controls, untreated epileptic patients and epileptic patients treated with valproic acid, carbamazepine or phenobarbital. Serum total antioxidant capacity was measured as an index of antioxidants, and total peroxide was measured as index of oxidative stress. The serum concentrations of uric acid, albumin, bilirubin and lipid hydroperoxide were monitored simultaneously. Results: We found that serum total antioxidant capacity levels were significantly decreased in the untreated group compared with the controls. Serum total peroxide levels were markedly increased in the untreated and carbamazepine-treated groups compared to in the controls; and lipid hydroperoxide and oxidative stress index levels were significantly higher in the phenobarbital-treated group than in the controls. Uric acid concentrations were significantly lower in the valproic-acid-treated group than in the untreated group, and total bilirubin concentrations were higher in the untreated group than in the controls. Conclusion: Epileptic children exposed to oxidative stress and conventional antiepileptic drugs change the oxidative/antioxidative balance. The serum oxidant and antioxidant status of epileptic children with valproic acid monotherapy are better regulated compared with children with carbamazepine and phenobarbital monotherapy.

Estado oxidante/antioxidante total em recém-nascidos ictéricos antes e depois da fototerapia

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of phototherapy on serum oxidant and antioxidant status in hyperbilirubinemic full-term newborns. METHOD: Thirty-four full-term infants from 3 to 10 days of age exposed to phototherapy were studied. The serum antioxidant status was assessed by measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and individual antioxidant components: vitamin C, uric acid, albumin, thiol contents and total bilirubin. The oxidant status was assessed by determining the total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and individual oxidant components: malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid hydroperoxide levels. RESULTS: Vitamin C, uric acid, total bilirubin and MDA concentration were significantly lower, whereas serum TOS, lipid hydroperoxide and OSI levels were significantly higher after phototherapy (p < 0.05). There were significant positive correlations between serum total bilirubin and MDA (r = 0.434, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although the MDA level was reduced after phototherapy, phototherapy has a negative impact on numerous parts of the oxidant/antioxidant defense system in jaundiced full-term newborns, exposing them to potential oxidative stress.

Oxidative and antioxidative capacity in children with cerebral palsy

The superiority of oxidative stress and/or the inadequacy of antioxidant capacity have an important role in disease. Decreased antioxidant availability has been observed in the pathogenesis of many different diseases affecting the brain, such as mitochondrial disorders, cerebral ischaemia and epilepsy. Oxidative and antioxidative status in children with cerebral palsy aged 1-12 years was investigated in this study and compared with healthy controls. Sixty-nine patients with cerebral palsy and 42 controls were enrolled in the study. Lipid peroxidation in the cerebral palsy group was significantly higher than that in the controls (7.54+/-3.64 micromol H(2)O(2)/L and 5.84+/-1.25 micromol H(2)O(2)/L, respectively) (P=0.02). Serum total antioxidant capacity levels were also markedly lower in the CP group than in the control group (1.42+/-0.22 mmol Trolox equiv./L and 1.64+/-0.17 mmol Trolox equiv./L, respectively) (P=0.003). Uric acid and albumin concentrations were lower in the study group than in the control group. Based on these results, we concluded that oxidants were increased and antioxidants were decreased in the cerebral palsy group, and, as a result, the oxidative/antioxidative balance shifted to the oxidative side in children with cerebral palsy.

N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation Reduces Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Children with β-Thalassemia

Abstract There are several reports that increased oxidative stress and DNA damage were found in β-thalassemia major (β-TM) patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin E on total oxidative stress and DNA damage in children with β-TM. Seventy-five children with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (β-thal) were randomly chosen to receive 10 mg/kg/day of NAC or 10 IU/kg/day of vitamin E or no supplementation; 28 healthy controls were also included in the study. Serum total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured, oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated, and mononuclear DNA damage was assessed by alkaline comet assay; they were determined before treatment and after 3 months of treatment. Total oxydent status, OSI, and DNA damage levels were significantly higher and TAC levels were significantly lower in the thalassemic children than in the healthy controls (p < 0.001). In both supplemented groups, mean TOS and OSI levels were decreased; TAC and pre transfusion hemoglobin (Hb) levels were significantly increased after 3 months (p ≤ 0.002). In the NAC group, DNA damage score decreased (p = 0.001). N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E may be effective in reducing serum oxidative stress and increase pre transfusion Hb levels in children with β-thal. N-acetylcysteine also can reduce DNA damage.

Vitamin B12 treatment reduces mononuclear DNA damage

Background:  DNA damage effects of vitamin B12 deficiency were performed in vitro and in adults.

Ferrous sulfate (Fe2+) had a faster effect than did ferric polymaltose (Fe3+) on increased oxidant status in children with iron-deficiency anemia.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the total oxidant and antioxidant effect of different oral iron preparations in children with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: A total of 65 children with IDA were randomized to receive 5 mg Fe/kg/d iron (II) sulfate (Fe2+ group, n=33) or iron (III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex (Fe3+ group, n=32); healthy controls (n=28) were also included in the study. Serum total thiol (–SH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and hematological profile were evaluated at the baseline and on day 8 and day 30 of the therapy. Results: Serum TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher and total –SH and total antioxidant capacity levels were significantly lower in the study groups at the beginning of therapy than in the controls (P>0.001). In multivariate analysis, after controlling for multiple confounding factors, on days 8 and 30, serum TOS and OSI levels were not different in the Fe3+ group, whereas they were significantly reduced in the Fe2+ group (P⩽0.033). Conclusions: Serum total oxidant status was significantly increased in children with IDA, and Fe2+ was highly effective in correcting elevated oxidative status.

Efficacy of deferasirox in children with β-thalassemia: single-center 3 year experience.

Iron chelation therapy is an important component in the management of patients with β‐thalassemia.

Outcome of modified St Jude total therapy 13A for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the southeast region of Turkey.

Objective: To fill the gap in the current data on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in low-income and middle-income countries. Methods: This study included 106 children between the ages of 1 and 17 years with newly diagnosed ALL monitored between 1999 and 2010. All the patients were treated with the modified St Jude Total 13A treatment plan at the Pediatric Hematology Clinic at Harran University. Results: Sixty-eight (64.2%) patients were boys and 38 (35.8%) were girls. The median age at diagnosis was 5.9±3.7 years. Thirty-eight (35.8%) children were classified as standard risk, 53 (39.3%) were intermediate risk, and 15 (14.2%) were high risk. Thirteen (12.3%) children died in induction before the remission date (43 d of remission induction). Of all the 93 (100%) patients who completed remission induction therapy and whose bone marrow were in remission, 5 (4.7%) had a bone marrow relapse, 1 (0.9%) had a retinal relapse, and 5 (4.7%) had secondary acute myeloid leukemia. At a median follow-up of 44 months (range, 0.36 to 135.5 mo), the estimated 5-year overall survival and event-free survival were 77.4±5% and 68.9±6.5%, respectively. The estimated 5-year overall survival for boys and girls was 76.5±6% and 65.8±8%, respectively (P=0.182). Conclusions: St Jude Total 13A treatment protocols to treat childhood ALL can be successfully adapted, which suggests that such an approach may be useful in low socioeconomic regions; however, it should be noted that secondary leukemia can occur at a high rate.