Ali Emamian

Study on laser parameters effect on morphology of in-situ Fe-TiC particles deposition on mild steel using laser cladding process

Over the last decade, researchers have demonstrated interest in tribology and prototyping by the laser cladding process. In-situ laser cladding enables the formation of a uniform clad by melting the powder to form desired composition from pure powder components. Since TiC has desirable properties, such as hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, Ti and Graphite (C) are used as a composite material (i.e., TiC) to increase hardness and wear resistance of AISI 1030 carbon steel.In previous papers, the effect of laser parameters on the clad quality was investigated. In this paper two combined parameters (i.e. the effective energy per unit area (Eeff) and the powder deposition density (PDD) were plotted in order to recognize the high quality clad zone. Afterward a range of clad conditions with constant and variable effective energies in high quality clad zone were conducted to study the role of the effective energy on morphology and distribution of TiC particles.Complete metallurgical bonding between substrate and the clad was observed in all samples.SEM analysis has been used to study the TiC particles’ morphology from the bottom to the top of the clad. Presence of in situ TiC particles in Fe (Ti) solid solution has been confirmed by XRD and EDS analysis.Over the last decade, researchers have demonstrated interest in tribology and prototyping by the laser cladding process. In-situ laser cladding enables the formation of a uniform clad by melting the powder to form desired composition from pure powder components. Since TiC has desirable properties, such as hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, Ti and Graphite (C) are used as a composite material (i.e., TiC) to increase hardness and wear resistance of AISI 1030 carbon steel.In previous papers, the effect of laser parameters on the clad quality was investigated. In this paper two combined parameters (i.e. the effective energy per unit area (Eeff) and the powder deposition density (PDD) were plotted in order to recognize the high quality clad zone. Afterward a range of clad conditions with constant and variable effective energies in high quality clad zone were conducted to study the role of the effective energy on morphology and distribution of TiC particles.Complete metallurgical bonding between substrate...

Correlation between temperature distribution and formed microstructure of in-situ laser cladding of Fe-TiC on carbon steel

One of the unique aspects of in-situ laser cladding is to create a uniform clad by melting the powder and a thin layer of the substrate to form a composite of pure powder components with minimal dilution. Therefore, this technique can be an excellent candidate for hardfacing process by deposition of multiple clad beads side by side on a low cost base material. Since TiC has desirable properties such as hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, in this work, the hardfacing process of AISI 1030 carbon steel using titanium (Ti) and graphite (C) as a composite coating material (i.e., Fe(Ti)-TiC) is investigated using a numerical and experimental analysis. In order to study the microstructure of the TiC morphology and distribution in the clad, a 3D time-dependent numerical model and ternary phase diagram are used to interpret the experimental results along with the temperature distributions formed throughout the deposition process. The morphology and distribution of TiC particles are studied by means of SEM, XRD.One of the unique aspects of in-situ laser cladding is to create a uniform clad by melting the powder and a thin layer of the substrate to form a composite of pure powder components with minimal dilution. Therefore, this technique can be an excellent candidate for hardfacing process by deposition of multiple clad beads side by side on a low cost base material. Since TiC has desirable properties such as hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, in this work, the hardfacing process of AISI 1030 carbon steel using titanium (Ti) and graphite (C) as a composite coating material (i.e., Fe(Ti)-TiC) is investigated using a numerical and experimental analysis. In order to study the microstructure of the TiC morphology and distribution in the clad, a 3D time-dependent numerical model and ternary phase diagram are used to interpret the experimental results along with the temperature distributions formed throughout the deposition process. The morphology and distribution of TiC particles are studied by means of SEM, XRD.

Thermal control managing for in-situ synthesis of Ti-C-Fe system by laser cladding on carbon steel

In-situ laser cladding enables the formation of a uniform clad by melting the powder and substrate to form a composition from pure powder components. Since TiC has desirable properties such as hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, titanium (Ti) and graphite (C) are used as a composite material (i.e., TiC) to increase hardness and wear resistance of AISI 1030 carbon steel. To increase the corrosion, erosion, and wear resistance of a low grade material substrate the entire substrate surface must be coated by the multi-track cladding. Preliminary experiments indicate that deposition of multi-track of TiC-Fe base composite results in different TiC morphologies which might affect the clad properties. In this paper, effect of different heat input on TiC morphology has been studied.Results show that different heat input which are designed by laser parameters affect the TiC morphology. SEM and EDS data show that TiC particles are built up uniformly during the laser cladding process in the iron matrix with dissimilar morphologies.In-situ laser cladding enables the formation of a uniform clad by melting the powder and substrate to form a composition from pure powder components. Since TiC has desirable properties such as hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, titanium (Ti) and graphite (C) are used as a composite material (i.e., TiC) to increase hardness and wear resistance of AISI 1030 carbon steel. To increase the corrosion, erosion, and wear resistance of a low grade material substrate the entire substrate surface must be coated by the multi-track cladding. Preliminary experiments indicate that deposition of multi-track of TiC-Fe base composite results in different TiC morphologies which might affect the clad properties. In this paper, effect of different heat input on TiC morphology has been studied.Results show that different heat input which are designed by laser parameters affect the TiC morphology. SEM and EDS data show that TiC particles are built up uniformly during the laser cladding process in the iron matrix with diss...

Effect of C:Ti atomic ratio on TiC morphology deposited by laser cladding process

In this paper, the effect of powder composition on TiC morphology and clad hardness using in-situ laser cladding process has been studied. Two atomic ratios, 45% and 55%, were selected for C:Ti, the first one of which has the potential to form TiC without formation of the preliminary Ti (α) phase. Fe percentages were 70. Results show that chemical composition affects the TiC morphology, TiC distribution and hardness profile in the clad. By increasing the C:Ti ratio from 45 at% to 55 at%, it is shown that the volume fraction of the formed TiC increases. A higher volume fraction of TiC in the clad results in higher values of reinforcements in the clad, thus increasing the clad hardness. SEM and EDS analyses have been used to characterize the phases in the clad.In this paper, the effect of powder composition on TiC morphology and clad hardness using in-situ laser cladding process has been studied. Two atomic ratios, 45% and 55%, were selected for C:Ti, the first one of which has the potential to form TiC without formation of the preliminary Ti (α) phase. Fe percentages were 70. Results show that chemical composition affects the TiC morphology, TiC distribution and hardness profile in the clad. By increasing the C:Ti ratio from 45 at% to 55 at%, it is shown that the volume fraction of the formed TiC increases. A higher volume fraction of TiC in the clad results in higher values of reinforcements in the clad, thus increasing the clad hardness. SEM and EDS analyses have been used to characterize the phases in the clad.

The Effect of Thermal Field on the Deposition of Fe-TiC on Carbon Steel Using Laser Cladding

In this paper, a numerical and experimental method is used to investigate the effect of thermal fields on the deposition of Fe-TiC using the laser cladding process. Since in laser cladding temperature distributions and consequent rapid cooling rates determine the microstructure and final physical properties of the deposited layers, a 3D time-dependent numerical model is used to simulate the cladding process parallel to experimental analysis. The numerical results are used to study the temperature distributions and their evolutions throughout the deposition process. The experimental and verified numerical outcomes are then employed to study the variations of the microstructures of the deposited material as well as correlation between the formed microstructures and temperature distributions across the deposition domain. The numerical and experimental investigations are conducted through the deposition of Fe-TiC on the substrate of AISI 1030 carbon steel using a 1.1 kW fiber laser. The experimental results confirm that by increasing the substrate temperature throughout the process the distribution of the TiC particles changes along with the deposited tracks and the TiC particles start forming clusters at the top of the clad.Copyright