Ali Keleş

ESTDD: Expert system for thyroid diseases diagnosis

Expert or knowledge-based systems are the most common type of AIM (artificial intelligence in medicine) system in routine clinical use. They contain medical knowledge, usually about a very specifically defined task, and are able to reason with data from individual patients to come up with reasoned conclusions. Although there are many variations, the knowledge within an expert system is typically represented in the form of a set of rules. The thyroid gland is one of the most important organs in the body as thyroid hormones are responsible for controlling metabolism. As a result, thyroid function impacts on every essential organ in the body. When the thyroid produces too much hormone, the body uses energy faster than it should. This condition is called hyperthyroidism. When the thyroid does not produce enough hormone, the body uses energy slower than it should. This condition is called hypothyroidism. Thyroid disease can be difficult to diagnose because symptoms are easily confused with other conditions. When thyroid disease is caught early, treatment can control the disorder even before the onset of symptoms. This study aims at diagnosing thyroid diseases with a expert system that we called as a ESTDD (expert system for thyroid disease diagnosis). We found fuzzy rules by using neuro fuzzy method, which will be emplaced in ESTDD system. ESTDD could diagnose with 95.33% accuracy thyroid diseases. Beside it can be benefited from this system for training of students in medicine.

Fracture resistance of roots filled with three different obturation techniques

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare in vitro root fracture resistance following root canal filling with AH 26 using lateral condensation, BeeFill, and Thermafil techniques. Study Design: Eighty extracted human mandibular premolars with similar dimensions were selected. In order to standardize the roots, measurements were taken in two separate regions of the teeth—at the cemento-enamel junction and 8 mm apically from the junction—buccolingual as well as mesiodistal for every tooth. Teeth were then randomly divided into five groups (n=16). With the exception of the non-prepared group (Group 1), instrumentation was done in all groups. In group 2, instrumentation but no filling was performed; in group 3, the obturation was done with AH 26 + gutta-percha; in group 4, with AH 26 + BeeFill and in group 5, AH 26 + a Thermafil obturator was used. All the roots were mounted vertically in copper rings and filled with acrylic resin, exposing 8 mm of the coronal part. A universal testing machine was used for the strength test. Results: The results were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. The significance between the groups was tested with Temhane’s T2 test. The results indicate that instrumentation of root canals had a significant effect on fracture resistance (p<0.05). In addition, there were no differences between the root canal obturation techniques; furthermore, these techniques did not create a statistically important resistance to vertical fracture (p>0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that instrumentation of root canals significantly weakens the tooth structure to fracture and the root canal obturation techniques that are used are not able to form reinforcement. Key words:AH 26, obturation technique, vertical fracture.

3D Analysis of D-RaCe and Self-Adjusting File in Removing Filling Materials from Curved Root Canals Instrumented and Filled with Different Techniques

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of D-RaCe files and a self-adjusting file (SAF) system in removing filling material from curved root canals instrumented and filled with different techniques by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The mesial roots of 20 extracted mandibular first molars were used. Root canals (mesiobuccal and mesiolingual) were instrumented with SAF or Revo-S. The canals were then filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using cold lateral compaction or thermoplasticized injectable techniques. The root fillings were first removed with D-RaCe (Step 1), followed by Step 2, in which a SAF system was used to remove the residual fillings in all groups. Micro-CT scans were used to measure the volume of residual filling after root canal filling, reinstrumentation with D-RaCe (Step 1), and reinstrumentation with SAF (Step 2). Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. There were no statistically significant differences between filling techniques in the canals instrumented with SAF (P = 0.292) and Revo-S (P = 0.306). The amount of remaining filling material was similar in all groups (P = 0.363); all of the instrumentation techniques left filling residue inside the canals. However, the additional use of SAF was more effective than using D-RaCe alone.

Comprehensive Treatment of the Infected Maxillary Lateral Incisor with an Accessory Root

Rare anatomic anomalies may occur in the dentition and can affect treatment decisions and prognosis. Accurate diagnosis and therapy performed at the highest level can result in predictable success in these cases. This case report shows the clinical and radiographic findings and successful treatment (nonsurgical and surgical) of a combined apical and marginal periodontal inflammatory lesion of a maxillary lateral incisor with an accessory root.

Nitric Oxide Levels in Serum of Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis

Nitric oxide (NO) affects both pain and inflammation in human tissues. Pharmacotherapy that decreases NO concentrations may have utility in treating inflammatory painful conditions. To determine the types of disorders in which such an approach should be studied, changes in NO serum levels before and after the painful inflammatory condition resolves would be helpful. This study compared the pre-treatment and post-treatment serum nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in irreversible pulpitis (inflammatory toothache). Thirty-two patients (16 males, 16 females) with irreversible pulpitis were included in this study. Before treatment, patients had severe symptoms of inflammation, but at the end of treatment no symptoms of inflammation were observed. NO concentrations were measured in serum of patients with irreversible pulpitis, before and after treatment. Differences in serum NO concentrations were not statistically significantly different before and after treatment.

Unusual Root Canal Morphology of the Maxillary Second Molar: A Case Report

Introduction. This clinical case report presents the successful endodontic treatment of a maxillary second molar that has a mandibular molar-like anatomy with no palatal root and with each of its roots containing two separate root canals. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to confirm this unusual anatomy. Methods. A 34-year-old male patient was referred to the Department of Endodontics at Inonu Universitys Faculty of Dentistry because of severe pain in his right maxillary second molar. Clinical and radiographic examinations identified unusual roots and root canals anatomy, and CBCT was planned in order to understand the nature of these variations. Cleaning and shaping procedures were performed using the crown down technique with Sybron Endo (Glendora, CA, USA) rotary instruments, and endodontic treatment was completed with gutta-percha cones and AH Plus resin sealers using the cold lateral compaction technique. Conclusions. The maxillary second molar exhibits aberrations and variations in terms of the numbers and configurations of its roots and root canals, and CBCT can be a useful imaging technique in endodontics.

Heat conductive properties of set root canal sealers

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the thermal conductivity of five different root canal sealers in vitro. Materials and methods. Sealapex, AH Plus, AH 26, Endomethasone and RoekoSeal root canal sealers were examined. These materials were prepared in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and applied to standard molds. Three samples of each material were prepared. The samples were kept for 5 days under 37°C conditions. Measurements were taken using a heat conduction unit (P.A. Hilton Ltd. Stockbridge, Hants, UK). The thermal conductivity coefficient was calculated for each sample using the Fourier equation. Coefficients were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results. Significant differences were found for thermal conductivity between some materials (p < 0.05). The conductivity coefficient of AH Plus was found to be higher than those of the other materials (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between AH 26 and RoekoSeal (p > 0.05) and the conductivity coefficients of these sealers were found to be lower than those of the other materials (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between Sealapex and Endomethasone (p > 0.05) and the conductivity coefficients of these sealers were found to be lower than that of AH Plus but higher than those of RoekoSeal and AH26 (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The results showed that root canal sealers functioned as thermal insulators and had different heat-conductive properties that depended on their composition.

IBMMS Decision Support Tool For Management of Bank Telemarketing Campaigns.

Although direct marketing is a good method for banks to utilize in the face of global competition and the financial crisis, it has been shown to exhibit poor performance. However, there are some drawbacks to direct campaigns, such as those related to improving the negative attributes that customers ascribe to banks. To overcome these problems, attractive long-term deposit campaigns should be organized and managed more effectively. The aim of this study is to develop an Intelligent Bank Market Management System (IBMMS) for bank managers who want to manage efficient marketing campaigns. IBMMS is the first system developed by combining the power of data mining with the capabilities of expert systems in this area. Moreover, IBMMS includes important features that enable it to be intelligent: a knowledge base, an inference engine and an advisor. Using this system, a manager can successfully direct marketing campaigns and follow the decision schemas of customers both as individuals and as a group; moreover, a manager can make decisions that lead to the desired response by customers.

Endodontic treatment of three-rooted maxillary first premolar with pain: A case report

AbstractMaxillary premolars have a highly variable root canal morphology, but it is rare to find three canals. This article describes the diagnosis and clinical management of a first premolar with three canals and three separate roots.