Ali Said Durmus

Effects of sildenafil citrate on torsion/detorsion-induced changes in red blood cell and plasma lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and blood hematology of male rats

OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to determine effects of intrapertoneally-administered sildenafil citrate (SC) for prevention testicular injury after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) in rats on red blood cell (RBC) and plasma lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and blood hematology. STUDY DESIGN Thirty seven adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: sham operated (group 1), T/D+saline (group 2), T/D+0.7mg SC (group 3) and T/D+1.4mg SC (group 4). Testicular torsion was created by rotating the right testis 720° in a clockwise direction for 2h in all the groups, except for group 1. RESULTS Our results showed that that testicular injury significantly induced erythrocyte reduced glutathion (GSH) (p<0.05), malondialdehyde (MDA) in RBC (p<0.01) and plasma (p<0.05) and blood lymphocyte (p<0.01) counts. Administration of low dose SC led to significantly increase in the levels of RBC GSH (p<0.05), plasma paraoxonase (PON1) (p<0.01), nitric oxide (NO) (p<0.01) and blood lymphocyte counts (p<0.01), but to decreases in the levels of MDA in plasma and RBC, blood mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p<0.05) and eosinophil counts (p<0.05). Treatment with high dose SC caused a significantly increase in PON1, vitamin E and β-carotene in plasma, levels of GSH in RBC and blood lymphocyte counts. On the other hand, results showed that high dose sildenafil significantly decreased plasma and RBC MDA levels. Total tissue damage scores of the group 2 were significantly higher than group 1 and 3. CONCLUSION Low dose SC appears to be beneficial in reducing the effects of injury to the testicular torsion.

Protective effect of sildenafil citrate on contralateral testis injury after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate prevention of contralateral testicular injury with sildenafil citrate after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion. METHODS: Thirty‐seven adult male rats were divided into four groups: sham operated (group 1, n  =  7), torsion/detorsion + saline (group 2, n  =  10), torsion/detorsion + 0.7 mg of sildenafil citrate (group 3, n  =  10) and torsion/detorsion + 1.4 mg of sildenafil citrate (group 4, n  =  10). Unilateral testicular torsion was created by rotating the right testis 720° in a clockwise direction for 2 h in other groups, except for group 1, which was served as sham group. After torsion (2 h) and detorsion (2 h) periods, rats were killed. RESULTS: The level of reduced glutathion (GSH) (p<0.05) and the activities of catalase (p<0.01) and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.05) in the contralateral testis from group 2 were significantly lower and nitric oxide (NO) (p<0.05) level in the contralateral testis were significantly higher than those of group 1. Administration of low‐dose sildenafil citrate (group 3) prevented the increases in malondialdehyde and NO levels and decreases in glutathione peroxidase activities and GSH values induced by testicular torsion. However, administration of high‐dose sildenafil citrate (group 4) had no effect on these testicular parameters (p>0.05). Histopathological changes were detected in groups 2, 3 and 4. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that biochemically and histologically torsion/detorsion injury occurs in the contralateral testis following 2‐h torsion and 2‐h detorsion and that administration of low‐dose sildenafil citrate before detorsion prevents ischemia/reperfusion cellular damage in testicular tissue.

Efficacy of vitamin E and selenium for the prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions in rats: uterine horn models.

OBJECTIVE: This study compares the efficacies of vitamin E and selenium, both individually and in combination, for the prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions in rats. METHODS: Forty-seven female rats were divided into five groups. The sham animals (S group, n = 7) were given only laparotomies and intraperitoneally received 0.9% NaCl (2 ml). In the 40 other rats, abrasions of the left uterine horn were performed, followed by intraperitoneal administration of either 2 ml 0.9% NaCl (C group), 10 mg vitamin E (vitamin E group), 0.2 mg/kg selenium (Se group) or 10 mg vitamin E with 0.2 mg/kg selenium (vitamin E + Se group), with 10 animals in each treatment group. RESULTS: Adhesion formation was significantly reduced in animals in the Se and vitamin E + Se groups (p<0.05). Tissue catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities did not significantly differ between the groups. However, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduced glutathione levels were slightly increased in the vitamin E, Se and vitamin E + Se groups. In the vitamin E group, malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly lower than in the C group (p<0.05), but no significant differences were present among the S, C, Se and vitamin E + Se groups. Levels of nitric oxide were significantly higher in the C group than in the other groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal administration of selenium or combined vitamin E and selenium appears to be effective in preventing intra-abdominal adhesion formation in rat models through the reduction of lipid peroxidation products.

The comparison of methylene blue and vitamin E in prevention of abdominal postoperative adhesion formation in rat uterine horn models: Biochemical and histopathologic evaluation

PURPOSE To compare the effects of vitamin E and 1% methylen blue solutions on prevention of experimentally induced adhesions in rats. METHODS Thirty seven female Spraque Dawley rats were randomized into four groups. First group was kept as sham operated group. An adhesion model was constituted on the left uterine horn of the other groups. The lesion areas of rats from the second, the third and the fourth groups were coated with 2 ml 0.9 % saline solution (C group), 10 mg vitamin E (VE group) and 1% methylen blue solutions (MB group), respectively. RESULTS Histopathologically, adhesion scores, mononuclear cell infiltration, oedema and fibrosis were more prominent in the MB group compared with C and VE groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in tissue glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activities and glutation (GSH) level, these parameters were slightly increased in group with VE supplementation though. The administration of VE and MB significantly decreased NO (P<0.01) levels when compared to the C group. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the VE group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of the Sh and C groups. CONCLUSION Intraperitoneal methylen blue solutions treatments were more effective according to vitamin E in preventing the formation of intra-abdominal adhesion in a rat uterine horn model.

Surgery-induced changes in red blood cell and plasma lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and blood hematology of female rats: protective role of methylene blue and vitamin E.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the effects on red blood cell (RBC) and plasma lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and blood hematology of intraperitoneally administered vitamin E (VE) and 1% methylene blue (MB) solutions for prevention of adhesions in rats. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-seven female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups. An adhesion model was constituted on the left uterine horn in three of the groups. They were then given intraperitoneally 0.9% saline (C group), 10 mg VE (VE group) and 1% MB (MB group) solutions, respectively. A sham group (Sh group), on which laparotomy was performed, received 2 ml of 0.9% saline solution. RESULTS In the C group, the adhesion scores were significantly higher than in the VE (p<0.01), MB (p<0.01) and Sh groups (p<0.005). Results showed that adhesion formation significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) (p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma (p<0.01). The levels of RBC glutathione (GSH) (p<0.05) and plasma VE (p<0.01) significantly increased after VE administration, whereas the levels of MDA (RBC and plasma) (p<0.01), plasma NO (p<0.01), blood lymphocyte count (p<0.05) and blood white blood cell (WBC) counts (p<0.01) decreased. Treatment with MB caused a significant increase in plasma VE (p<0.01). On the other hand, results showed that MB significantly decreased blood WBC counts (p<0.01), plasma paraoxonase (PON1) (p<0.001) and NO (p<0.01), and RBC glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (p<0.05) and MDA levels (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Intraperitoneal administration of MB and VE is significantly effective in preventing intraabdominal adhesion formation in a rat model. Further investigations are necessary, however, to better understand the underlying biochemical mechanisms on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants of MB.