Alias Khamis

Tuning Factor the Single Input Fuzzy Logic Controller to Improve the Performances of Depth Control for Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicle

This paper investigates the factor of tuning variable parameter for Single Input Fuzzy Logic Controller (SIFLC) to improve the performances of depth control for the underwater Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). This study and investigates will focus on the number of rules in SIFLC, lookup table, slope of a linear equation, and also model reference to give optimum performances of depth control without overshoot in system response and faster rise time and settling time. The variable parameter for SIFLC is tuned by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The investigation focused on the number of rules will be reduced, SIFLC parameter reduced, represented lookup table as a linear control surface method to represent the inference engine of FLC. The investigation on model reference also covered in this paper. The current of model reference will give the best system response for depth control. The slope of linear equation either in positive and negative values and come up from conventional FLC then will simplify into SIFLC. The results obtained the number of rules, the slope of linear equations and model reference will be affecting the results of system performances.

Development of mini scale compressed air energy storage system

Nowadays, we know about the problem of decreasing the source of natural gas fuel, makes the higher fuel cost for Gas Turbine power plant usage. Because of that, the new technology called the Compressed Air Energy Storage system is created. The main concept of this system is use off-peak power to pressurize air into an underground reservoir, which is then released during peak daytime hour to power Gas Turbine for power production. This project is to design in small scale system where it can use off-peak electricity to switch on the air compressor to compressed air. Then the compressed air produced will store in high pressure cylinder tank replace the airtight underground caverns. When the air is released from the high pressure tank, the air expands through a micro-turbine which connected single shaft with generator rotor. Then the micro turbine run and rotate generator rotor that convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. Output voltage then will convert from dc to ac voltage.

Overview of mini scale Compressed Air Energy Storage System

Nowadays, problem of decreasing source of natural gas fuel is well known. It is quite alarming since that it will increase makes the fuel cost for Gas Turbine power plant usage. Hence, a new technology called the Compressed Air Energy Storage System (CAES) is created. The main concept of this system is the use off-peak power to pressurize air into an underground reservoir, which is then released during peak daytime hour to power Gas Turbine for power production. This project is aimed to design a small scale system to produce 12 VAC voltage. The hardware for this system consists of 4 parts, which are; air compressor, micro-turbine, DC electric generator and DC-AC converter circuit. The analysis of the result shown that the objective is partially achieved where the system have shown that it only manage to obtain 6 V- 8VAC output voltage. This happened because of low input air pressure entering micro-turbine to rotate the micro-turbine blades. Thus, the analysis has shown that the output voltage produced is proportional with the speed rotation of the micro-turbine.

Energy & electricity consumption analysis of Malaysian power demand

Demands for electricity in Malaysia are expected to rise between five to six per cent for the next two to three years in line with increasing urbanization and rapid industrialization in the country. Malaysia is currently enjoying a healthy generating reserve capacity in the electricity sector, with an additional increase of 4,780 megawatt (MW) new generating capacity. Based on actual ratio/percentage of power generated compare to power consumed, it is found out that the percentage is not in line with demand and for some cases the power generated is more than the demand that needed. Therefore there is a need to do a research in order to tackle this problem. For the generation side based from the research there is always an excessive power generated that has been use for power reserve. This reserve power should be use wisely instead of being reserve only. In this study case a new idea will be proposed to make a full use of this extra reserve and produce the best method of managing excessive power generated without even affecting the capacity of power in reserve. Sample of power demand and generation data were taken from Tenaga National Berhad (TNB) for the purpose of comparison of data. Part of the studies include study on the model of load curve and comparison with the previous 2 years of data. This research will also focuses on the effect of high peak load in total power demand. The results were analyzed and will be discussed based on literature and previous results obtained by other research. The significant of the project can be a modeling guide line to the power generation design of other researcher to cater for the problem that occurs.

Modelling and Simulation of a Single Phase Grid Connected Using Photovoltaic and Battery Based Power Generation

Microgrid is a part of the power distribution system which uses renewable energy based of power generation connected to the grid system. Multi energy power generation is composed of renewable energy systems including photovoltaic, wind turbine, energy storage and local loads. Testbed of a microgrid system is the technique to ensure stable operation during faults and various network disturbances in grid and islanding connected mode. In this paper the microgrid using renewable energy consist of a 3 kW photovoltaic, with 30 pieces of 12V for 100Ah battery bank, DC/DC converter, charge controller for battery, single phase DC/AC inverter and various loads (resistor, capacitor, inductor) are develop. The AC buses 240V voltage include with isolation transformer to simulate the grid voltage level by Matlab/Simulink software.

Performances analysis of underwater Remotely Amphibian Vehicle (RAV)

This project is mainly focusing on the development and performances analysis of the Remotely Amphibian Vehicle (RAV). This innovation mends to assist human in aquatic operation as well as aerial activity. However, this is still a very recent groundwork with numbers of limitation and challenge. Challenges like transition in medium has limited and affected the performance of the vehicle in terms of flying or submerging capability. To validate and verify the performances of this RAV, a series of simulation and experiment will be carried out. This RAV is tested and verified of able to fly in the air as well as submerge into underwater and capable of hovering like a normal quad-copter up to a height of 200 cm and submerge about 20 cm of depth. The RAV has successfully achieved the aim of travel in both mediums.

Analysis performances of Laser Range Finder and blue LED for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV)

This paper described a new technique for obstacle avoidance or depth control using a laser range finder and blue LED and then applied to Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). AUV is equipped with a variety of sensors and components depending upon the missions and applications. One of the main issues in developing the AUV is complex systems and also the cost. AUV must be able to interpret its environment by gathering information from its sensors with higher accuracy. This is due to unpredicted condition in an underwater where a serious collision might occur if this kind of sensory system is not effected. The objective of this project is to develop a new sensory system to depth control using the Laser Range Finder (LRF). LRF as a tool to measure and detect obstacles at a certain range. Then, the performance of LRF is investigated in terms of ranges, accuracy and material detected. The components used are Arduino Nano as microcontrollers, 5 mm blue LED (receiver) and LRF (transmitter) that will able to focusing on depth control. The result obtained that the LRF will be able to detect obstacles up to 80 cm to maintain at certain depth and good in accuracy.

DC Bus Instability Driving by Photovoltaic Source with Constant Power Load

This study presented the DC bus instability in distributed power system driving by Photovoltaic (PV) source with constant power load (CPL). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PV source towards the performances of DC bus voltage stability using constant power load. The system first was tested using linear DC supply as voltage source and CPL was modeled and connected to the voltage source through LC filter network. A passive damping circuit was chosen to stabilize the DC bus instability. The system was repeated using PV source. PV array was modeled based on the parameters obtained from a commercial PV data sheet. A circuitry simulation was performed under the similar design excluding the DC source in order to investigate DC bus instability. Results showed that the stability of DC bus become unstable when using linear DC voltage supply and slightly affected when using PV source. The instability phenomenon due to the negative incremental impedance of a constant power load can be overcome by using damping technique. For linear DC voltage source, DC bus voltage system tends to oscillate. However, with PV source which is actually a current source input seems not much affecting the DC bus voltage stability.

Computer Aided Protection (Overcurrent) Coordination Studies

A well designed and reliable power system requires an efficient and reliable protection scheme with protection coordination at its core. This paper discusses computer aided protection coordination in brief comprising of its significance, procedures and vital components. Basically, this paper focuses on the usage of computer based programs to conduct the analyses and simulations required in coordination studies. The steps in a computer aided protection coordination analysis are detailed in this paper. Furthermore, the components related in the coordination studies are also discussed for a better understanding of the studies and its relationship to manual calculations and analyses.