Alimul Haque Khan

A systematic approach to find the optimum tilt angle for meeting the maximum energy demand of an isolated area

The aim of this paper is to find the optimum tilt angle of solar PV panel at which the yearly demand would be met maximum. Solar PV is one of the most widely used renewable energy resources. The output of a panel is highest when the incident ray is perpendicular to the panel plane. Due to variations in the locus of the sun over the year, the alignment of the panel should be changed according to the sun position for maximum generation. However, changing the tilt angle needs single axis tracker or double axes tracker which is costly and also needs maintenance; thus may not be suitable. Therefore, the panel is kept at the average tilt of year at which the ray is perpendicular for the maximum time. This may be termed as the default tilt angle. The generation of solar panel varies over the year providing maximum generation at the default tilt angle. Similarly, the consumption of an area is also varies over the year. The amount of generation may not proportional as the demand, thus it results surplus or shortage. For an isolated area, it is hardly possible to use surplus energy considering certain demand profile. Even, it is not possible to store the surplus energy of a season to any device for long time to use it for another season. However, the surplus energy of a season may be shifted to the shortage season by changing the tilt angle. Different tilt angle will provide different pattern of generation over the year. The generation at optimum tilt angle will not maximize the generation of energy over the year rather it will maximize the demand met by shifting the energy to shortage season from surplus season. A new concept to maximize the energy usage from solar PV by changing the tilt angle and thus minimize the shortage to meet the demand of an isolated power system is also introduced here.

A review of current renewable energy activities in Bangladesh

This paper reviews the prospects of available renewable energy resources along with various private and government future project plans to incorporate renewable energy sources and its potentials in perspective of Bangladesh. In an arising country like Bangladesh demand for energy will be burgeoning. Present day, in Bangladesh dearth of energy is ubiquitous and near about 70% of its population is excluded from access to electricity and bulk of the people are living in rural areas. Among several renewable energy resources, the application of solar Photo Voltaic (PV) is renowned although the largest plant based on renewable energy goes into hydroelectricity. Additionally, wind, biogas, mini hydro and tidal are also well known. A plan has been initiated by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) to generate 5% of the total energy from renewable energy resources within 2015 and 20% by the year of 2020. Through the approved renewable energy policy, the GOB is devoted to facilitate investment in both public and private sectors in renewable energy projects to substitute contemporaneous non-renewable energy resources and escalate the contributions of renewable energy based electricity generation. With this context, review of recent activities on concurrent renewable energy resources is imperative as well as to explore potentials of the resources. However, not all renewable energy sources are suitable to install indiscriminately in all regions, rather there are certain parameters to choose a source of RER for efficacy. After reading this paper, an investor will get significant information about current scenario and steering for future involvement of renewable energy sources in Bangladesh. Furthermore, this paper will be instrumental to select optimum efficacious renewable energy sources for a particular region.

A hybrid of 30 KW Solar PV and 30 KW Biomass System for rural electrification in Bangladesh

This paper is mainly addressing the design and analysis of a hybrid Solar and Biomass System for rural electrification in a remote area in Bangladesh by Decentralized Distributed Generation & Rural Power Distribution Management. Energy is crucial input in the process of economic, social and industrial development. Energy plays a vital role in our daily life. But the conventional source of energy to produce electricity is decreasing day by day significantly. In this regards non-conventional or renewable energy resources such as bio-energy, Solar, Wind, Ocean and Geothermal are taking this challenge. A large proportion of the worlds population lives in remote rural areas and far away from grid. The installation and distribution costs are considerably higher for remote areas. Moreover, there is greater transmission line losses and poor supply reliability. There is growing interest in harnessing renewable energy sources since they are available in abundance, pollution free and inexhaustible. Not only that, The combining of technologies means Hybrid technology provides interesting opportunities to overcome certain technical limitations and to mitigate fuel price increases, deliver operating cost reductions, and offer higher service quality than traditional single-source generation systems. A hybrid system is a dynamic system that exhibits both continuous and discrete dynamic behavior a system that can both flow and jump.

Shifting generation of energy of solar PV using OPTANG method-case study Sandwip area

The objective of this paper is to discover the amount of shifted energy produced by solar photovoltaic panel from lower demand period to higher demand period using the optimum tilt angle method. When the incident ray is at right angles to the panel plane, the output of a panel is highest. For maximum generation, the alignment of the panel should be changed according to the suns position due to variations in the locus of the sun over the year. However, solar tracking system may not be suitable for this purpose as it requires high cost, maintenance and space. For an isolated area demand profile and generation profile may not be same and hence surplus or shortage will be occurred. It is hardly possible to use surplus energy considering certain demand profile constraints. Even, it is not possible to store the surplus energy of a season to any device for long time to use it for another season. Optimum tilt angle (OPTANG) method has been analysed for an isolated island of Bangladesh and shown that it is possible to shift the surplus energy to shortage season from surplus season.

Consumer is producer - a novel model for electricity generation

The aim of this paper is to explore a new model to generate electricity with higher penetration rate of renewable energy. Conventional system to generate electricity is to generate large amount electricity at power station and then deliver to the consumer through long transmission line and distribution system. The losses and costs, incorporated with these processes, are not negligible. Another System is the Solar Home System (SHS) which is being used to replace traditional kerosene based lamp, battery based TV, fan and light bulb from 1998 in Bangladesh. But with the advancement of technology, the demand of the consumer is increasing significantly. To meet this demand it is necessary to expand national grid connection. An alternative way is to produce sufficient power using renewable resources at consuming spots. A novel method to achieve this goal has been discussed in this paper which is supported by the field study of Bangladesh University. Also a comparison has been shown with traditional power system.

A novel model of electricity generation to change the direction of grid expansion and power flow network

The aim of this paper is to explore a new model of electricity generation with a different topology of grid expansion and different direction of power flow network as well as higher penetration rate of renewable energy. Conventional system to generate electricity is to generate large amount electricity which reaches to the consumer end through long transmission line and distribution systems. The expansion of grid follows “generation, transmission, distribution and consumer” network. Expansion of grid nearby the existing one is not so difficult. However, it needs longer time to reach electricity to a residency of remote area because of higher cost associated with long transmission and distribution line. Unavailability of electricity is one of the most important reasons to deprive the population of remote area. It is possible to confirm electricity to the citizens of a remote area by producing small scale electricity at or nearby the consuming spot instead of bearing it through long transmission and distribution lines. Interconnection of multiple small scale generation units may form a different network in comparison to traditional power flow network. A novel method to achieve this has been discussed in this paper. The analyses have been done mainly based on the condition, environment, data and other factors of Bangladesh. This work is not to replace the traditional grid expansion topology rather to assist it with an alternative way.

Empowering remote area of Bangladesh using pedal generator

Now-a-days, Bangladesh is facing a problem with shortage of natural resources especially in gas sector. A large number of population in Bangladesh do not have the facilities of electricity. Besides that the people of remote area are normally far from modern facilities such education, health, online services etc. In general, they use kerosene as fuel for lighting purpose and it is hard for them to access modern technologies such as mobile, computer, internet, e-health. Pedal generator, a flywheel driven by human and coupled with an electric generator. may be an alternative solution in these situations. The efficiency and the performance was good. It can be operated in a standalone mode or may be used with PV module as a hybrid system. Though, the research has been done with respect to Bangladesh, this can be applicable everywhere. This will provide an easy, cheap, handy and pollution free source of energy by means of pedal generator.