Aline Kellermann

Salmonella spp. in raw broiler parts: occurrence, antimicrobial resistance profile and phage typing of the Salmonella Enteritidis isolates

The present study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of Salmonellae in raw broiler parts and to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolated strains. Twenty-four (39.3%) broiler parts samples were positive for Salmonella and twenty-five Salmonella strains were isolated, since two different serovars were detected in one single positive sample. Salmonella Enteritidis was the most prevalent serovar. Among Salmonella Enteritidis isolates, 95.2% belonged to Phage Type 4 (PT4) (20/21) and 4.8% to PT7 (1/21). Twenty-two (88%) strains of Salmonella were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, generating eight different resistance patterns. The S. Typhimurium (n: 1) and S. Hadar (n: 3) isolates presented multiple resistance. Three S. Enteritidis isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, two were resistant only to tetracycline. The high prevalence of Salmonella in the broiler parts strenghtens the importance of the use of good manufacturing practices (GMP), and HACCP. The results also emphasize the need for the responsible use of antimicrobials in animal production.

Resistência antimicrobiana em Salmonella Enteritidis isoladas de amostras clínicas e ambientais de frangos de corte e matrizes pesadas

The antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from clinical and environmental poultry samples in the Southern Brazil during the years of 1999, 2000 and 2001 was evaluated. Among the 79 isolated samples, 64 (81%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial agents tested, showing 22 different resistance patterns. Tetracycline showed the highest percentage (64,5%) of resistance among the antimicrobial agents used. Resistance to drugs at different levels was found as the following: ampicillin (1.2%), kanamycin (1.2%), ciprofloxacin (2.5%), enrofloxacin (8.8%), gentamicin (21.5%), streptomycin (20.2%), nitrofurantoin (26.6%), and nalidixic acid (30.4%). None of the S. Enteritidis strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, norfloxacin, and polimycin B. Among the 64 S. Enteritidis strains that showed resistance, 43 (67.2%) were resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. Twenty-one (32.8%) strains were resistant to only one of the antimicrobial agents, 14 to tetracycline, three to nalidixic acid, three to nitrofurantoin, and one to gentamycin. These antimicrobial resistance levels suggest a high occurrence of tetracycline resistant S. Enteritidis strains and resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents.

Pré-enriquecimento e isolamento direto para identificação de Campylobacter em swabs cloacais e carcaças de frango

Campylobacter sao microorganismos patogenicos associados com aves ou alimentos de origem avicola e sua importância esta relacionada a alta prevalencia de Campylobacter nos frangos de corte e suas carcacas, correlacionados com gastroenterite em humanos. Neste estudo, monitorou-se 22 lotes de frango de corte com idades entre 3 a 5 semanas na granja e 35 dias no abate e avaliou-se os metodos de pre-enriquecimento (PE) e isolamento direto (ID) para identificacao de Campylobacter em swabs cloacais e carcacas de frango. Realizaram-se 22 analises de swabs cloacais pelo PE e pelo ID, 96 analises de carcacas pelo ID e, destas, 95 pelo PE. Para o isolamento direto a partir de swabs utilizou-se o agar mCCDA acrescido de suplemento seletivo, acondicionado em embalagem nao permeavel e microaerofilia com mistura de gases (5% O 2 , 10% CO 2 e 85% N 2 ). Para o PE, os swabs foram inoculados em pool no caldo Bolton suplementado com antibioticos e 200 mg/L de TTC, seguido de inoculacao em agar mCCDA, tambem em microaerofilia. As carcacas tambem foram analisadas para ambos os metodos, utilizando-se caldo Bolton no pre-enriquecimento, seguido de inoculacao em mCCDA ou isolamento direto em agar Bolton com TTC, sempre em microaerofilia. Nao houve diferenca significativa ( p =1,00) entre os metodos de pre-enriquecimento e isolamento direto nas amostras de swabs e carcacas. Identificou-se 81,8% lotes positivos por ID e 77,3% pelo PE na analise dos swabs e 99,0% das carcacas pelo PE e 97,9% pelo ID. Os metodos de pre-enriquecimento e isolamento direto foram homogeneos e sensiveis para deteccao de Campylobacter em amostras de swabs cloacais e carcacas de frango. Entretanto, pela praticidade e antecipacao dos resultados em 24 horas, recomenda-se a utilizacao do metodo de isolamento direto.