Alison C. Harris

Müllerian duct anomalies: from diagnosis to intervention

The purpose of this study was to review the embryology, classification, imaging features and treatment options of Müllerian duct anomalies. The three embryological phases will be described and the appearance of the seven classes of Müllerian duct anomalies will be illustrated using hysterosalpingography, ultrasound and MRI. This exhibit will also review the treatment options, including interventional therapy. The role of imaging is to help detect, classify and guide surgical management. At this time, MRI is the modality of choice because of its high accuracy in detecting and accurately characterising Müllerian duct anomalies. In conclusion, radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features of the seven classes of Müllerian duct anomalies, as the appropriate course of treatment relies upon the correct diagnosis and categorisation of each anomaly.

Diagnosis and management of calcified carotid artery atheroma: dental perspectives

The calcification of cervical carotid artery atheroma (CCAA) represents maturation of a lumenal atherosclerotic plaque that has been associated with a high risk of cerebral stroke. The demonstration of CCAA on rotational panoramic images has received increasing attention in dentistry since it was first described in 1981. The purposes of this article are to provide a background to the mechanism of arterial calcification, to review the clinical diagnostic and management algorithms for dental practitioners when CCAA are identified radiologically, and to describe and illustrate current appropriate radiographic modalities and medical management strategies used to confirm and assess stenosis associated with CCAA.

Multiple focal nodular hyperplasia lesions of the liver associated with congenital absence of the portal vein

Congenital absence of the portal vein (CAPV) is a rare anomaly in which the intestinal and splenic venous drainage bypass the liver and drain directly into the systemic veins through various porto-systemic shunts. In this article, we illustrate a case of multiple focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) with congenital absence of the portal vein in a male, which, to our knowledge, is the third reported case in the literature since its first description in 1793. Furthermore, we discuss the embryology of the portal vein and the Morgan and Superina classification of portosystemic anomalies, the association between portal vein agenesis and multiple FNHs, and, lastly, the use of a hepatocellular-specific MRI contrast agent as an important diagnostic tool in the confirmation of FNH.

Page kidney after renal allograft biopsy: Sonographic findings

The development of renal failure and hypertension due to extrinsic renal compression by hematoma in the subcapsular space is well‐described and most commonly seen after blunt trauma. It may also occur as a complication of percutaneous renal biopsy, both in native kidneys and renal allografts, and is a rare cause of reversible allograft failure. We describe a case of Page kidney in renal transplantation after percutaneous biopsy causing allograft dysfunction. Early recognition with sonography is important if irreversible damage to the allograft is to be prevented.

Joint SOGC/CAR Policy Statement on Non-medical Use of Fetal Ultrasound

This document reflects emerging clinical and scientific advances on the date issued and is subject to change. The information should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of treatment or procedure to be followed. Local institutions can dictate amendments to these opinions. They should be well documented if modified at the local level. None of these contents may be reproduced in any form without prior written permission of the SOGC. This joint policy statement has been prepared by the Diagnostic Imaging Committee of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and the Point of Care Ultrasound Working Group of the Canadian Association of Radiologists and approved by the Executive and Council of the Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Canada and the Board of Directors of the Canadian Association of Radiologists.

A 2D-3D Registration Framework for Freehand TRUS-Guided Prostate Biopsy

We present a 2D to 3D registration framework that compensates for prostate motion and deformations during freehand prostate biopsies. It has two major components: 1) a trajectory-based rigid registration to account for gross motions of the prostate; and 2) a non-rigid registration constrained by a finite element model (FEM) to adjust for residual motion and deformations. For the rigid alignment, we constrain the ultrasound probe tip in the live 2D imaging plane to the tracked trajectory from the pre-procedure 3D ultrasound volume. This ensures the rectal wall approximately coincides between the images. We then apply a FEM-based technique to deform the volume based on image intensities. We validate the proposed framework on 10 prostate biopsy patients, demonstrating a mean target registration error (TRE) of 4.63 mm and 3.15 mm for rigid and FEM-based components, respectively.

Screening and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Introduction to Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System

Given the high prevalence, increasing incidence, and significant morbidity and mortality related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a robust and cost-effective screening and surveillance program is needed. Most societies recommend ultrasound for HCC screening, despite lack of standardization in imaging acquisition, reporting content and language, and follow-up recommendations. The American College of Radiology Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (US LI-RADS) fills this unmet need by providing standardization in the use of US in at-risk patients. It is anticipated that US LI-RADS will improve the performance of ultrasound for HCC screening and surveillance and unify management recommendations.

Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct: Multimodality Imaging Appearances and Pathological Correlation

Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Diagnostic Imaging, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Half-dose gadobenate dimeglumine versus standard-dose gadodiamide in dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of non-cirrhotic livers: a retrospective intra-individual crossover comparison

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare enhancement characteristics of half-dose gadobenate dimeglumine (0.05xa0mmolxa0kg−1) with standard-dose gadodiamide (0.10xa0mmolxa0kg−1), in the assessment of hepatic vessels and lesions, using retrospective intra-individual crossover comparison methodology.MethodsEthics committee approval was obtained. From 2004 to 2012, 21 patients underwent MRI examination with both standard-dose gadodiamide and half-dose gadobenate dimeglumine, using the same liver MRI protocol at 1.5xa0T. Eighteen patients whose scans showed no artifacts were selected. Quality of liver lesion [12 hemangiomas, 7 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs)] and liver vessel enhancement, and the global diagnostic quality of studies were ranked on a scale of 1–4 by two independent radiologists. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and % enhancement of liver vessels and lesions were calculated based on region of interest, signal intensity, and noise standard deviation measurements performed at 0, 20xa0s, 1, 3, and 5xa0min post-contrast injection. Qualitative and quantitative results were compared using the paired Wilcoxon signed rank and Student’s t-tests, respectively.ResultsNo qualitative differences were noted in enhancement of liver vessels, hemangiomas, and FNHs. There was no statistically significant difference between the global diagnostic qualities of scans performed with the two contrast agents. Quantitatively, liver vessels and hemangiomas did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in contrast enhancement. At 20xa0s, FNHs achieved higher CNR (Pxa0=xa00.02) with gadodiamide.ConclusionHalf-dose gadobenate dimeglumine results in similar contrast enhancement compared to standard-dose gadodiamide in assessment of liver vessels, hemangiomas, and FNHs, and is a reasonable alternative to standard doses of extracellular agents in dynamic liver MRI.

Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Features in Autoimmune Pancreatitis.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) accounts for approximately 5% of chronic pancreatitis cases and is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic pathologies. The underlying pathophysiology of AIP is thought to involve lymphocyte infiltration and associated sclerosis. Although AIP is a benign condition that is treatable with corticosteroids, it can have imaging and clinical findings indistinguishable from pancreatic cancer. As such, the radiologist plays an important management role in distinguishing AIP from more sinister conditions. In addition, there are several extrapancreatic imaging findings in the context of AIP that have been recently described. This pictorial review outlines both the pancreatic and extrapancreatic imaging features in AIP and the response to steroid therapy. Important imaging features that allow AIP to be differentiated from other pancreatic pathology, including adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and acute pancreatitis will be discussed.