Alison Northrop
Anglia Ruskin University
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Featured researches published by Alison Northrop.
Comparative Exercise Physiology | 2012
O Orlande; Sarah Jane Hobbs; Jaime Martin; Ag Owen; Alison Northrop
The amount of hoof slip at the moment of impact can cause musculoskeletal injuries to the horse. Risk of injury is influenced by surface properties, however there is limited understanding of the effect on hoof slip during jump landing. The objectives of this study were to compare hoof slip on two different surfaces and investigate relationships between hoof slip and surface properties. A contact mat and hoof reference marker were designed and validated, the former to indicate the moment of impact and the latter to provide a visible reference marker on the lateral hoof wall. The leading right forelimb of six horses was recorded during jump landing on two different surfaces. Five trials, plus one where the forelimb landed on a contact mat were recorded at 500 Hz using a calibrated high speed camera positioned perpendicular to landing. Surface hardness, penetrability and traction were measured between horses. Horizontal displacement of the hoof reference marker was plotted and smoothed with a Butterworth fil...
Veterinary Journal | 2013
Alison Northrop; Laura-Anne Dagg; Jaime Martin; Charlotte Brigden; Andrew G. Owen; Emma L. Blundell; M. L. Peterson; Sarah Jane Hobbs
A link between surface characteristics and injury has been identified in equine disciplines. Maintenance procedures are reported to affect surface characteristics and could influence horse movement. The study investigated limb and hoof movement on a synthetic surface following two different preparations (harrowing and rolling). Nine horses were recorded using infrared cameras and retro-reflective markers at walk, trot and canter on two surface preparations in a cross-over design. Hoof rotation and displacement, metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) extension and third metacarpal (McIII) inclination (roll, pitch and yaw) were analysed using a general linear model. Surface hardness and traction were also measured. No differences in hoof rotations or hoof displacements were found between preparations. However, following harrowing, greater (P<0.05) MCPJ extension at mid-stance and greater (P<0.05) McIII adduction at impact was found when gait was grouped. Hardness and traction were statistically similar for both preparations. Alteration to the surface cushion appears to be sufficient to produce subtle changes in stride characteristics.
Comparative Exercise Physiology | 2010
Sarah Jane Hobbs; O Orlande; Christopher James Edmundson; Alison Northrop; Jaime Martin
Foot strike can be difficult to determine using kinematics alone, particularly when studying equine activities on more compliant surfaces, so this study was done with the aim of developing and validating a method to determine foot strike on an arena surface that can be used in conjunction with kinematics alone, and of applying the method in the context of measuring foot strike during jump landing on an arena surface. A low-cost contact mat was developed. The timing of the contact mat switching ‘on’ was compared to the timing of a force platform onset of 20 N, load and loading rate at foot strike. Two groups of 25 participants were used in two separate studies to validate the contact mat: the first measured the difference in timing with respect to two different activities (running and stepping down from a box), and the second measured the difference in timing with respect to 1- and 2-cm depths of an arena surface during running. In a third study, the mat was used to measure leading limb foot strike of six horses during jump landing, and these data were compared to kinematics from a palmar marker on the hoof wall. All data were recorded at 500 Hz. A consistent difference in delay was found between the mat and force platform onset, and as a result, no significant differences (P>0.05) in timing delay between different loading rates or depths were found. During jump landing, foot strike (determined from the mat) occurred after the vertical velocity minima and the acceleration maxima for the hoof marker, but it occurred before the point where the rate of vertical displacement began to reduce. In conclusion, further work is needed to enhance these techniques, but these preliminary results indicate that this method may be effective in determining foot strike for field-based applications.
Equine Veterinary Journal | 2017
V.A. Walker; Carolyne A. Tranquille; J. R. Newton; Sue J. Dyson; J. Brandham; Alison Northrop; Rachel C. Murray
BACKGROUND Dressage horses are often asked to work in lengthened paces during training and competition, but to date there is limited information about the biomechanics of dressage-specific paces. Preliminary work has shown increased fetlock extension in extended compared with collected paces, but further investigation of the kinematic differences between collected, medium and extended trot in dressage horses is warranted. OBJECTIVES Investigation of the effect of collected vs. medium/extended trot on limb kinematics of dressage horses. STUDY DESIGN Prospective kinematic evaluation. METHODS Twenty clinically sound horses in active dressage training were used. Group 1: Ten young horses (≤6 years) were assessed at collected and medium trot and Group 2: Ten mature horses (≥9 years) were assessed at collected and extended trot. All horses were evaluated on two different surfaces. High speed motion capture (240 Hz) was used to determine kinematic variables. Fore- and hindlimb angles were measured at mid-stance. Descriptive statistics and mixed effect multilevel regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Speed and stride length were reduced and stride duration increased at collected compared with medium/extended trot. Lengthened trot (medium/extended trot) was associated with increased fetlock extension in both the fore- and hindlimbs in both groups of horses. Changes were greater in mature horses compared with young horses. Shoulder and carpus angles were associated with forelimb fetlock angle. Hock angle was not significantly influenced by pace. Surface had no effect on fetlock or hock angles. MAIN LIMITATIONS Only 2D motion analysis was carried out. Results may have differed in horses with more extreme gait characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Medium/extended trot increases extension of the fore- and hindlimb fetlock joints compared with collected trot in both young and mature dressage horses, respectively.
Equine Veterinary Journal | 2006
R. K. Forsyth; C. V. Brigden; Alison Northrop
Physical Therapy in Sport | 2015
Jill Alexander; Sarah Jane Hobbs; Karen Alison May; Alison Northrop; Charlotte Brigden; James Selfe
Procedia Engineering | 2014
D Holt; Alison Northrop; Andy Owen; Jaime Martin; Sarah Jane Hobbs
Equine Veterinary Journal | 2013
Vicki A. Walker; Carolyne A. Tranquille; S.E. Duch; Alison Northrop; J. Spear; J. Brandham; Rachel C. Murray
Procedia Engineering | 2016
Alison Northrop; S.J. Hobbs; D Holt; E. Clayton-Smith; Jaime Martin
Equine Veterinary Journal | 2014
Alison Northrop; Jaime Martin; E Blundell; Ag Owen; Sarah Jane Hobbs